Lesi sitshalo se-pereromia esiyingqayizivele sihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga esikhumba anethezekile namahlumela aminyene. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali izinhlobo zazo ezihlukahlukene. IPeperomia ingaba shrub, isihlahlana noma isitshalo se-ampel. Ngalo, ungahlobisa amakamelo futhi udale amalungiselelo ezimbali. Iningi lezinhlobo zethu licwecwe ngosayizi, ngakho-ke ligcwalisa izikhala phakathi kwezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. IPeperomia nayo ayithobeki, ngakho-ke itshalwa ekhaya ngokuzithandela.
I-Peperomia: izinhlobo, incazelo, isithombe
Isitshalo se-epiphytic esidabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, lapho singathatha khona utshani bonyaka noma obusika obuningi nezihlahla. Sikhula size sibe ngu-50 cm kuphela, imbali yehlukile amahlumela aminyene namaqabunga aminyene, ingaphezulu limbozwe ngembobo yokufaka wax. Umbala, ubungako kanye nokwakheka kwamaqabunga kuncike ezinhlotsheni, ngakho-ke kungahlukahluka kakhulu. Ungathola okubushelelezi, okubumbene, ku-fluffy, kwethenda, okunamanzi, okuncane, okukhulu, okunomumo wenhliziyo, i-lanceolate, izinketho eziyindilinga noma ezi-oblong. Umbala wamaqabunga e-peperomia usuka kokuluhlaza kuya kwegolide onamabala, imivimbo kanye namabala. Ama-inflorescence wesitshalo se-cylindrical wesitshalo awafani futhi aqoqwa kusuka ezimbalini ezincane.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-peperomia
I-Peperomia iyisiwula. Isitshalo esijwayelekile sibhekisela kuma-perennials ase-herbaceous. Emvelweni, lukhula emhlabeni nasemithini. I-Peperomia vulgaris ihluke kumacembe aminyene, anamafutha, ifinyelela ubude obufika ku-8-12 cm, kanye nobubanzi obufika ku-4-5 cm. Amaqabunga e-Ovoid ihlelwe kumahlumela ngokuhlukile. Zihlikihla ziye ezansi, futhi zinwebekele phezulu futhi. Umbala wamaqabunga amaqabunga e-peperomia dupus kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zesitshalo. Imvamisa kakhulu iluhlaza okotshani, kepha ingaba luhlaza okotshani, ukhilimu nokumhlophe okumhlophe.
I-Peperomia yabuna. Isitshalo esiphansi esidabuka eBrazil. Ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm futhi ine-petiolate, amaqabunga aluhlaza akhula kusuka ezimpandeni. Isici esihlukile samaqabunga yimithambo emsundu, edonsela ngokuqinile ohlangothini lwabo oluphansi futhi i-concave engenhla. Ehlobo, isitshalo sale nhlobo siqhakaza ngama-spikelets anombala omhlophe. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukuvuthwa hhayi nje njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa amahlamvu, kodwa futhi nangenxa yezimbali.
I-Peperomia i-silvery. I-Ground or epiphytic perennial in nature kukhula eBrazil naseVenezuela. Amaqabunga ka-Petiole alezi zinhlobo akhula kusuka empandeni. I-Petioles efinyelela kubude be-10 cm ine-tint ebomvu. Amacembe acwebezelayo, anamaqabunga nanamanzi ahlukaniswa ngemithambo eluhlaza, phakathi kwayo kudlula imivimbo emhlophe.
I-Peperomia yezinwele ezimpunga. I-Herbaceous shrub noma i-perennial ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amacembe aluhlaza obukhulu afinyelela ku-5 cm. Futhi amaqabunga kanye namahlumela alesi sitshalo embozwe ngezinwele. Ipuleti leqabunga kuma-apex tapers kancane.
I-Peperomia imnandi. I-perennial, isitshalo se-epiphytic esidabuka emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika. Ukubukwa kubonakaliswa ngamaqabunga amancane amise okwama-oval. Ngobude, zingafika ku-4 cm kuphela, futhi ububanzi bufika ku-1.5 cm. Kumahlumela ambozwe izinwele, amaqabunga akhula ngokuphikisana, amathathu noma amane ngasikhathi. Ipuleti lamaqabunga liluhlaza ngaphezulu futhi libomvu ngezansi.
Peperomia ezinwabuzelayo. I-epiphytic perennial enamahlumela aqamba amanga, abheke phezulu noma alengayo ikhula emahlathini aseMelika asabekayo. On amahlumela awo petioles kukhona i-ovate ebunjiwe. Uhlobo lunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana, ngakho-ke amaqabunga ingaba luhlaza okotshani noma ube nombala ogqamile. Ingaphakathi likhule njengesitshalo se-ampel.
IPeperomia yimabula. I-Grassy, shrub ephansi, ekhula ngokugqamile ihlukaniswa ngamaqabunga, umbala wawo ofana nemabula. Imithambo emnyama idlula emaqabungeni ayindilinga enhliziyo anemibala eluhlaza.
I-Peperomia inamabala amaningi. I-herbaceous hernaceal ekhula emahlathini asezintabeni aseNingizimu Melika inezihlumela ezinsundu futhi ziluhlaza zikhula zivela ezimpandeni. Ikhula ngobude obungafika ku-20 cm, luhlaza okotshani, obukhulu, amaqabunga acwebezelayo ayimidwebo futhi ambozwe ngemithambo emhlophe. Abamele le nhlobo bahlukaniswa ama-inflorescence amade we-brown brown.
I-Peperomia ibomvu. I-Herbaceous perennial ithathwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Amahlumela awo abomvu acwebile anamaqabunga amancane. Ipuleti le-oval sheet liluhlaza ngaphezulu futhi libomvu ngezansi.
Peperomia klusielistnaya. Ama-perennials ase-Herbaceous azalelwa emahlathini ashisayo aseVenezuela. Abamele lezi zinhlobo amaqabunga acwengekile, aphakama, anamaqabungaezikhula kumahlumela ngenye indlela. Ishidi ngalinye linobude obu-15 cm nobubanzi obuyi-8 cm.Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama ane-hue ebomvu nomngcele onsomi. Isisekelo saso senziwe ngendlela yemishado, futhi i-apex imfushane.
I-Peperomia i-velvety. Ama-perennials ama-herbaceous alolu hlobo ahlukaniswa ngombala obomvu omnyama, mpo, oqondile, neziqu ze-pubescent, lapho amaqabunga ayindilinga atholakala kuma-petioles amafushane. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, amapuleti amaqabunga angaba mnyama noma abe yi-pubescent. Imithambo engu-5-7 yombala oluhlaza okhanyayo isuka ekusekelweni kwamaqabunga aluhlaza. Emaphethelweni amagatsha nakuzo amaqabunga amaqabunga, kwakhiwa izimbali, ezinobukhulu obungu-7 cm.
I-Peperomia: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Ukubeka nokunakekela isitshalo akubandakanyi lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Into esemqoka ukucabanga ngezimpawu zezinhlobo zezimbali futhi ugcine imithetho ethile.
Isibani nokushisa komoya
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-peperomia kunezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza futhi ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, indawo yesitshalo ikhethiwe ngokuya ngombala wabo. Amacembe aluhlaza izimbali ezinjengomthunzi oyingxenye. Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo njengokukhanya okukhulu, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, amahlamvu awo azoqala ukuguquka abe luhlaza, abe ongathandeki futhi ajwayelekile.
Uma i-peperomia enezinhlobonhlobo izokhula egumbini elisenyakatho, khona-ke kuzodinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. Emakamelweni anamawindi abheke eningizimu, lesi sitshalo sikhule kude nefasitela. Ihamba phambili ngezimbali ezahlukahlukene ngamehlo ngemifino, ngasentshonalanga nangasempumalanga amawindows kufanelekile.
I-Peperomia ayikubekezeleli okusalungiswa, ngakho-ke ngeke kukhule ngamafasitela avulekile, kumakhamanda nasengadini. Okuhle kakhulu kuyena kubhekwe lokushisa ku-18-22C. Uma isitshalo sizoma efasiteleni, khona-ke akufanele kube khona izikhala emafasiteleni.
Umswakama nokunisela
Umoya omanzi ungakhethwa yisitshalo. I-Peperomia nayo izokhula futhi ikhule nomoya owanele osendlini. Kepha ukuze uthole isitshalo esihle, kunconywa njalo ukusifafaza. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka esimweni sezulu esishisayo nangama-radiator avuliwe. Ngomswakama womoya ka-50% isihlahla sizoqala ukuthuthuka ngokwengeziwe. Kepha kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi i-peperomia enamaqabunga e-pubescent ayisabeli kahle ekufafazweni.
Isitshalo asidingi ukuthambisa ngokweqile, kepha eminye imithetho kufanele ibhekwe ngasikhathi sinye:
Inani elikhulu lamanzi we-peperomy liyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.- Ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngamanzi ahleliwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
- Ekwindla nasebusika, ubukhulu bokunisela bancishisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zingabola.
- Akunakwenzeka ukuvimba ukugwazeka kwamanzi enhlabathini, ngoba i-peperomia iyasaba ngisho nangokuthi i-waterlogging yayo ingaphezu kokusebenzisa ngokweqile.
Inani elikhulu lamanzi we-peperomy liyadingeka kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.Uma lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa isikhathi eside, khona-ke isiqu siqala ukuthamba, amaqabunga aphenduka abe mnyama bese ewa. Amaqabunga aqothulayo awakhombisi ukuntuleka kokunisela, kodwa, kunalokho, mayelana nokungena kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Kulokhu, imbali kufanele ishiywe ngaphandle kokunisela isonto elilodwa noma amabili.
Ukufakelwa kanye nomanyolo
Lapho unakekela i-peperomia, imvamisa akudingekile ukuyifaka, ngoba uhlelo lwezimbali luyinto enkulu kakhulu kugcwalisa iziqukathi kancane. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela lapho imbiza yesitshalo isiba namandla kakhulu.
Imbiza entsha kufanele ibe ingajulile futhi ibe ngu-2-3 cm kuphela omkhulu kunangaphambili. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi ye-peperomia kufanele kufake:
- umhlaba wegadi;
- humus;
- isihlabathi esenziwe ngebala.
Ubumba olwandisiwe lubekwa phansi phansi kwembiza.
Isitshalo esitshalwe kungxube entsha yobumba asihlanganisi okokuqala. Esikhathini esizayo, lapho unakekela i-peperomia, kuyadingeka entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla ukuyondla kabili ngenyanga ngamanyolo wezimbiwa wezimbali zangaphakathi. Ebusika, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kanye ngenyanga.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-peperomia
Isitshalo esingabekezeleleki ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya cishe angahlaselwa izifo kanye nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo, imbali ingaqala ukunqoba:
IMealybug ibonakala njengesisindo esimhlophe esimhlophe emazibeni amaqabunga. Isizathu sokubukeka kwayo kungaba amazinga okushisa aphansi, okusalungiswa kanye nokuchichima kwezitshalo. Esigabeni sokuqala, inkathazo isuswa nge-swab yekotoni ecijwe esitsheni sotshwala. Ngokuqongelela okukhulu kwesibungu se-mealy, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile.- Ama-thrips ezitshalweni ezinhlobonhlobo acishe angabonakali, ngoba abukeka njengamachashazi aqhakazayo emaqabungeni. Lezi zinambuzane zivela lapho kukhula i-peperomia emagumbini ashisayo anomswakama ophansi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ulwe nabo ngosizo lwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
- I-spider mite ibonakaliswa yi-web spider phakathi kwamaqabunga. Lesi sitshalo sithintwa izinambuzane emakamelweni anomoya owomile kakhulu. Kwisigaba sokuqala, izihlahla zingavele zigezwe ngamanzi agobhozayo, zisulwe ngesiponji ngekhambi lesepha bese ziqala ukufafaza njalo. Ngokutheleleka nge-profuse, ukufafaza nge-insecticides kuyadingeka.
IMealybug ibonakala njengesisindo esimhlophe esimhlophe emazibeni amaqabunga. Isizathu sokubukeka kwayo kungaba amazinga okushisa aphansi, okusalungiswa kanye nokuchichima kwezitshalo. Esigabeni sokuqala, inkathazo isuswa nge-swab yekotoni ecijwe esitsheni sotshwala. Ngokuqongelela okukhulu kwesibungu se-mealy, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe ngamakhemikhali akhethekile.Ama-peperomies amahle kakhulu, angenakubonakala futhi angenakukhumbula iminyaka eminingi gcina izintandokazi zalimi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zazo zikuvumela ukuthi ulethe i-zest yakho elingaphakathi kwefulethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo sifaka ama-phytocides, akwazi ukuhlanza umoya wangaphakathi kumagciwane anokulimaza. Ngakho-ke, i-peperomia iyanconywa ukuba ibekwe emakamelweni wezingane.
