Udokotela ophinde abe Renaissance nodokotela osokhemisi uTheophpar Paracelsus kufanelekile abize i-carrot izimpande nge-mandrake enikeza abantu impilo ende ngaphandle kwezifo. Izici ezimangalisayo izaqathi zisendleleni yazo, okubandakanya hhayi kuphela izinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo, kodwa futhi kuqukethe iqoqo lamavithamini, amanye awo awakhiwa umzimba womuntu ngenxa yezinqubo ze-metabolic. I-Carrot igxila ezintweni zayo zezimpande ezinomthelela ekwelapheni kwezifo eziningi, ukutholwa kokungazinzi komzimba okuqinile kanye nokuvuselelwa komzimba wonke. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo ezizuzayo zika izaqathi, ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nethonya lezimo ezikhulayo ngenani lezilimo zezimpande kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Izaqathi.
Amanye amaphuzu mayelana nezaqathi
Izinhlobo zamasiko izaqathe zivela endle, eziningi zikhula e-Asia naseYurophu. I-Afghanistan ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwezitshalo ezimpande.
Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwezaqathi kususela emuva ngekhulu le-10 B.C.E. Ukutshala izaqathe, ngenxa yezinqubo zabaphilisi bokuqala ababhale ngezinzuzo zako emzimbeni, zaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwew 3 edlule edlule. EYurophu, kufaka neRussia, izaqathi zaqala ukulinywa ngekhulu le-14. Izilimo zezimpande zaleyo minyaka, futhi cishe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wokuzalela eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngekhulu le-19 (eRussia ngonyaka wama-20), zazimhlophe kakhulu, zibomvu futhi zimpunga futhi, zazinamavithamini ambalwa, kanti nenyama yayinolaka futhi imfushane.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni zemvelo okuqukethwe kanye nohlu lwezinto ezisebenzayo zempande yezaqathi ziyehluka ngezindlela ezitshaliwe, lapho ngenxa yokukhetha izakhiwo ezizuzisayo zalesi sitshalo zikhula ngenhloso.
Kulelikhulu lama-20 leminyaka, ngenxa yokukhethwa, kwavela izinhlobo ezaqathe ze-carotene esasijwayele, ikakhulukazi izimbali zamawolintshi, amnandi, ngepulpiki emnandi enoshukela. Uma ngaphambi kokuzalela umsebenzi cookery ngokuyinhloko basebenzise eziqongweni kanye nembewu izaqathe, nezitshalo izimpande zazingajwayelekile, ke kamuva kwaba khona boom real. Ama-cookbooks anikele kakhulu ekuchazeni izindlela zokupheka ezahlukahlukene zokulungiselela izitsha ezivela empandeni izaqathe zihlanganiswe nezinye izitshalo zokudla, kanye nemihlahlandlela yezokwelapha - ekuphekeni kokupheka kwemithi yezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Izaqathi.
Ithonya lezimo ezikhulayo zekarroti kukhwalithi yezitshalo ezimpande
Inani lamakherothi linqunywa ngokuqukethwe kwamavithamini nezinye izinto eziwusizo eziqongelela isivuno sezimpande. Inani labo nekhwalithi yabo kuncike kubuchwepheshe obukhulayo. Uma kwenzeka wephula izidingo ze-agrotechnical, hhayi kuphela izibonakaliso zangaphandle (ezincane, eziphansi, i-orange, izithombo zezitshalo eziqhekekile, njll.) Zishintsha, kodwa futhi nemingcelebo yazo ye-biochemical. Okuqukethwe amavithamini, ama-flavonoid, ama-anthocyanides namanye amakhambi kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni kuncishiswa kakhulu.
Izaqathe ziyisiko lesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ukudalwa kwezimo zokuphila eziyisisekelo: inhlabathi nokushisa, umswakama nokukhanya. Ngomhlabathi ongalungiselelwe kahle (ukuthambekela okuphansi nokugqoka okunganele ngamanyolo ayisisekelo), ukuthambisa okunganele nokugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukwephulwa kwesilinganiso sezakhi eziyisisekelo (initrogen eningi ne-potassium encane) kanye nezinye izimo, ikhwalithi yesitshalo sezimpande iyancipha.
Lapho uthenga izitshalo zezimpande emakethe, qiniseka ukuthi unesithakazelo ezimeni zokukhulisa isivuno. Kepha kungcono ukugcina impilo yamalungu omndeni ikhula izaqathe endaweni yakubo, ibheka zonke izidingo zokulinywa kwezolimo. Kulokhu, ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngezinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nzalo. Ebusika, kudayari yakho engadini, yenza uhlu lwezinhlobo zokuqala, phakathi, sekwephuzile ezinezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu zebhakhnoloji yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo bese ulungiselela imbewu ye-karoti yalezi zinhlobo.
Izaqathi.
Ukwakheka kwe-biochemical izaqathe
Amavithamini ku-Carrots
- Izaqathi ziqukethe i-22% proitamin A (carotene), kufaka phakathi i-alpha ne-beta carotenes, eyenziwe emzimbeni ukuze ibe novithamini A, obhekene ne-visual acuity.
- Amavithamini we-B ku-100 g wezaqathe aqukethe ngaphezu kwe-0,5 g, kufaka phakathi i-B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 ne-B12, okudingeka umzimba ukuhlanganisa i-hemoglobin.
- Ijusi le-karoti liqukethe iqembu lamakhemikhali asebenzayo wama-calciferols, avezwe ngesimo sevithamini "D", kufaka phakathi "D2", "D3". IVitamin "D" ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe yelanga yemvelo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet (imisebe yokufakelwa) ingakhiqizwa emzimbeni, iziveze ngesimo sethayile. Ukushoda kwaso emzimbeni ezinganeni kuboniswa ngesimo sama-rickets, nakubantu abadala - ngesimo samathambo (i-fragility) nokuthambisa (osteomalacia) kwamathambo.
- Izaqathi zihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu (11%) kwevithamini "K", okulawula inqubo yokuqunjelwa kwegazi, ukuvimba ukwakheka kwezigaba zegazi.
- Amavithamini "C" no- "E" anikeza amandla emzimbeni futhi enze ngokwejwayelekile ukusebenza kwezindlala ze-endocrine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uvithamini "E" unciphisa inqubo yokuguga. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-vithamini yobusha. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanesifo sikashukela, ngoba kusiza ukunciphisa isidingo se-insulin.
- IVitamin "PP" (niacin), njengamavithamini adlule, inika amandla emzimbeni, isekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, ibamba iqhaza ku-metabolism ye-amino acid.
- IVitamin "N", noma i-lipoic acid, ilawula ukusebenza kwesibindi, i-thyroid gland, ibamba iqhaza kwi-carbohydrate metabolism, ithinta izinga le-cholesterol egazini.
Yonke i-Vitamin tata igcinwa kumanyuzi we-karoti osanda kulungiswa ihora. Lapho i-defrosting - kungakapheli amahora angama-0.5. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele kwayo ngumzimba kwenzeka phambi kwamafutha (uwoyela, ukhilimu omuncu).
Izaqathi.
Landzelela izinto ngezaqathi
Izaqathi nokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuphezulu kwezinto zomkhondo kuhlukaniswa. Kuma-100 g wezinto zokusetshenziswa, izaqathe ziqukethe i-320 mg ye-potassium, ephendula ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, abagijimi babekalwa i-potassium orotate. Iqoqo le-sodium lisuka ku-69-70 mg, futhi inani le-phosphorus ne-calcium lidlula i-65-68 mg. Ngobuningi obanele, impande yekherothi iqukethe ithusi, i-zinc, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-cobalt ne-molybdenum.
ISelenium nayo ikhona ku-izaqathe - into eyenzelwe intsha nentshebe, ebhekele indlala yegilo, futhi isiza ukususa izinsimbi ezisindayo nama-radionuclides emzimbeni.
Ezinye izinto zikhona ezitshalweni zezimpande, kuhlanganiswe nezinhlanganisela ezidingekayo ukuze kube nokwejwayelekile komzimba wamanzi (chlorine), amanzi-usawoti metabolism (sodium), nokwakheka kwamaprotheni (isibabule). Faka uhla lwezinto zokulandela i-aluminium, i-boron, i-vanadium, i-nickel, i-chromium, i-lithium, iodine.
Uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele ngokumelene nesizinda sokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi komkhiqizo lubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ukukhulupha, ukunciphisa isisindo, nokukhuthaza i-hematopoiesis.
Izaqathi ziyingxenye yazo zonke izidlo zokuqina komzimba. I-100 g yemifino enezimpande (isanqante esisodwa) iqukethe kusuka ku-35 iye ku-40 kcal, kepha ngaphezu kwe-9.5 g yama-carbohydrate, u-2.8 g wefayibha yokudla.
Ezinye izakhamzimba ku-izaqathi
Muva nje, ukwehla kokungazinzi komzimba kuye kwabonwa yonke indawo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala, futhi ukuhlaselwa umkhuhlane kuyanda. Izaqathi ezakhiweni zazo ze-phytoncidal zicishe zilingane negalikhi no-anyanisi, kepha zingabi nephunga elingathandeki. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uwoyela obalulekile wengeza i-piquancy ezitsheni ezenziwe.
Ekuqaleni kokuqashelwa kwama-izaqathi njengomkhiqizo wokudla, imbewu nezikhuhla eziluhlaza zazisetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa izitsha, njengoba sekushiwo. Ekugxilweni okuphansi kunakweminye imifino, kodwa ohlwini oluphelele, ama-amino acid akhona izaqathe. Uhlu lwabo lubandakanya i-tyrosine, i-lysine, i-leucine, i-ornithine, i-cysteine, i-asparagine, i-threonine, i-histidine, i-methionine nabanye.
I-Carrots anthocyanidins nama-bioflavonoids anikeza umbala omuhle ogcwele. Kuqukethe i-umbelliferone, ebamba iqhaza ku-biosynthesis yezakhi ezinjalo ezingenakuphindeka njenge-phytosterols, coumarins, quercetins, fiber, pectins, ushukela, njll.
Izaqathi.
Izici ewusizo izaqathi
Ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo, izaqathi zisetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ongavuthiwe, obilisiwe, oqandisiwe ngemuva kokuncibilika. Uma ibilisiwe, ikhulisa umphumela omuhle emzimbeni ekwelapheni i-nephritis, umdlavuza, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-dysbiosis jikelele. Izaqathe ezigwaza zivimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane emgodini womlomo nasemzimbeni wonke uma kwenzeka kumkhuhlane ongatheni (izifo zokuphefumula ezinamandla, umkhuhlane).
Izaqathi zisetshenziselwa ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, i-anemia, isifo sokuqina kwemizwa. Ifakiwe ekwelapheni isifo se-Alzheimer's, ipheshana lesisu, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-helminth, i-bile ne-urolithiasis, i-pyelonephritis, i-cystitis. Amajusi we-karoti ayasebenza ku-conjunctivitis, ukungaboni ebusuku nezinye izifo zamehlo. It isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha ezisemthethweni futhi bendabuko izifo zesifo samathambo kanye hematopoietic.
I-50 g ngosuku izaqathi ezintsha (isilinganiso sansuku zonke) izonciphisa ubungozi bokushaywa yi-60-70%, isimila sesifuba esibuhlungu ngo-25%, izifo ezibangelwa ukuwohloka komzimba nge-40%.
Izaqathe zokuxhumana
- Izaqathe ziyahlukaniswa uma kwenzeka komzimba kulo mkhiqizo.
- Ngokuvuvukala komgudu wokugaya ukudla, amathumbu amancane, isilonda esiswini. Kulezi zimo, imifino isetshenziswa ibilisiwe noma i-stewed.
- Uma kwenzeka izifo zesibindi, ngaphambi kokudla izaqathi, thintana nodokotela wakho.
- Ngokusebenzisa ngokweqile izaqathe kanye namajusi, uphuzi lwezinyawo nesikhumba sezingane nabantu abadala kuyabonakala. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umthamo wansuku zonke womkhiqizo kuze kuphele ukubabazeka.
Sengiphetha, ngifuna ukuxwayisa abafundi. Izaqathi ziwusizo kakhulu, kepha konke kudinga isilinganiso. Kwanele ukudla izaqathe ezi-1-2 ngosuku, ezingeqi ku-100-120 g nganoma yiluphi uhlobo - amasaladi, amazambane abunjiwe, amajusi.
