Akumangazi ukuthi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ama-orchid ayesenziwa izinganekwane nezinsumansumane eziningi. Konke okuhle kugcwele izinganekwane ngokushesha. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, kwavela inkolelo yama-orchid eChina, lapho ayaziwa khona kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 B.C.E. e., naseLatin America nakamuva eYurophu.
Inganekwane enhle ngomsuka wama-orchid asungulwa eNew Zealand. Izizwe zamaMaori, zihlatshwe umxhwele ubuhle bama-orchid, zazethemba imvelaphi yazo yaphezulu. Kudala, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale abantu, okuwukuphela kwezingxenye zomhlaba ezazibonakalayo kwakuyiziqongo zezintaba eziphakemeyo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ilanga lalinciphisa iqhwa, liphoqelele amanzi ukuba ehle ezintabeni emfuleni onesiphepho, akha izimpophoma ezimangalisayo. Labo, nabo, bagijimela ngogwebu olubunjiwe olwandle nolwandle, okwathi emva kwalokho, bakhuphuka, bakha amafu agobile. Lamafu agcina ekufihle ngokuphelele ukubukwa komhlaba elangeni.
Lapho ilanga selifuna ukubhoboza lesi sekhava esingenakungeneka. Kwaqala imvula enkulu yemvula. Ngemuva kwakhe, kwaqanjwa uthingo olukhulu, lumanga lonke izulu. Becasulwe umbukwane ongakaze ubonwe, imimoya engafi - ngaleso sikhathi okuwukuphela kwabakhileyo emhlabeni - yaqala ukundiza iwela emisebeni ivela kuwo wonke amazwe akude kakhulu. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukubamba ibhuloho ebhulohweni elinemibala ehlukahlukene. Baphoqa futhi bekhuza. Kepha-ke wonke umuntu wayehlala ngothingo futhi acule ndawonye. Kancane kancane, uthingo lwangena ngaphansi kwesisindo salo laze lagcina lawela phansi, lasakazeka laphenduka inqwaba yemibalabala emibalabala. Imimoya engafi, kuze kube manje ayikaze ibone okunjengayo, ngokuphefumula kanzima ibuke imvula enhle enemibala ehlukahlukene. Ucezu ngalunye lomhlaba lwazemukela ngentokozo izingcezu zebhulogi lesibhakabhaka. Labo ababanjwa yizihlahla baphenduka ama-orchid. Ukusuka kulokhu kwaqala umhlangano wokunqoba wama-orchid emhlabeni. Izibani ezinemibala eminingi zazanda ngokwengeziwe, futhi asikho imbali esaba nesibindi sokuphonsela inselelo ilungelo le-orchid lokuthi libizwe ngokuthi yindlovukazi yombuso wezimbali.
I-Orchidaceae, noma i-Orchis, nayo i-Orchids (lat. Orchidáceae) - umndeni omkhulu wezitshalo ezingama-monocotyledonous.
I-Orchidaceae ngumndeni wasendulo owavela enkathini yeLate Cretaceous.
Ama-orchid abizwa ngokuyinhloko njengezimbali zokuhlobisa izimbali, izitshalo ezithandekayo zokugcina ukushisa. Izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-genera Cattleya, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis zathola ukuthandwa okukhethekile.
Izithelo ze-vanilla creeper (i-Vanilla planifolia) zisetshenziswa njengesiqholo esibalulekile (“izinti ze-vanilla”).
Ama-tubers we-orchis nezintende zezintethe ezisetshenzisiwe kwezokwelapha.
Amathiphu Wokunakekela
Kungani kukholelwa ukuthi ama-orchid afuna kakhulu kusiko lezitshalo? Okokuqala, iqiniso lokuthi badinga umswakama ophakeme kahle. Ama-orchid awabekezeleli umoya owomile nothuli.
Ngisho nezikhathi ezi-2pha zokufafaza zengeza kuphela umswakama okwesikhashana. Kuhle ukukhulisa ama-orchid ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezingaphakathi endlini.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-orchid, ngaphandle kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zokunakekelwa, zingahluka kalula ekulimeni. Kunama-orchid asencane kakhulu, kepha, okuyinto ejabulisa kakhulu, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingagcinwa kalula ekhaya futhi zenziwe ziqhakaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-orchid, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka isikhathi esilele.
Indawo
E-aquarium ekhethekile noma efasiteleni elangeni. Umoya omnandi ofudumele. Ukwehla isikhathi eside kokushisa okujwayelekile kwansuku zonke ukuya kuma-15-16 degrees kungakhipha izimbali ezingakafiki isikhathi. Kwisitshalo esincane esibuthakathaka, i-peduncle ingcono ukusika. Ama-Orchid atshalwe kubumba noma ezimbizeni zepulasitiki noma emabhokisini anezimbobo ezansi, futhi kungcono ezindongeni.
Ukunisela
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuchelela izitshalo ngamanzi abilisiwe noma afakwe amanzi, bese uzifafaza ngemvula ethambile noma emsulwa (iqhwa), ngoba usawoti uqhamuka emanzini anzima emaqabunga, wakhe umhlanganiso omhlophe ngaphezulu kwesikhathi. Ama-Orchid angondliwa kanyekanye ngokunisela.
Isibani
Ama-Orchid akhula kahle ngaphansi kwamalambu we-fluorescent, okufanele abe kude kwe-30 cm kusuka ezitshalweni futhi akhanye amahora angu-11 kuya kwayi-12. Ukukhanyiselwa kwe-Optimum kunqunywa ngamandla. Uma amaqabunga ephakanyiswe phezulu noma phansi, futhi ama-internode efushane, khona-ke kunokukhanya okuningi. Ama-internode amade futhi amancanyana, amancane kunalokho obekulindelwe, amaqabunga akhombisa ukuntuleka kwawo. I-Aquarium enama-orchid ingagcinwa kukhanyiswe ilanga, kodwa kufudumele.
Umswakama womoya
Ama-orchid adinga umswakama ophakeme kakhulu, kanti emakamelweni anokushisa okuphakathi ebusika noma ehlobo elishisayo, ngisho ukufafazwa okungamaphilisi angu-2-3 ngeke kusize. Noma ngezikhathi ezithile ama-orchid adinga ukufafazwa ngezizathu zokuhlanzeka. Ama-orchid awafafazwa uma elangeni, futhi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ayafafazwa ukuze amanzi angawa ezimbali. Kungcono ukufafaza ama-orchid ekuseni noma ntambama, ebusuku ungawafafaza uma amabhodwe e-orchid engekho kuvulandi noma emphemeni, i.e. uma kungekho ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa ebusuku kulindeleke.
Umswakama ophezulu cishe uyisimo esiyinhloko futhi esibaluleke kakhulu sokugcina ama-orchid. Umswakama ukhuphuka ngokuqukethwe kwama-orchid ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezingaphakathi endlini, izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ukuzikhulisa e-aquarium noma eduzane ne-aquarium noma i-terrarium enamanzi. Ungabeka amabhodwe ama-orchid ku-pallet ngamatshe amatshe namanzi. Ungasebenzisa imbiza yekati esikhundleni sepallet, khona-ke amatshe amatshe abunjiwe noma amatshe ayigugu ngeke adingeke, ngoba kukhona i-grate lapho.
"Izono eziyi-7 ezibulalayo" kulinyu lwe-orchid:
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, izitshalo azondli. Umthamo womquba awunakwedlulwa.
- Vala umthombo wokushisa. Musa ukubeka isitshalo eduze nebhethri lokushisa.
- Kushiya amaqabunga. Ukunisela nokufafaza kungcono ekuseni.
- Ukunisela ngokweqile. Ukunisela ngokuhambisana nezincomo.
- Okusalungiswa okubandayo. Musa ukudida umoya omncane kanye nohlaka.
- Umoya omile. Dinga umswakama ophezulu kanye nomoya.
- Ilanga elikhanyayo. Ungagcini izitshalo ilanga eliqondile lasemini, umthunzi.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Orchid
1. Ukwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Lapho kusakazwa ngokwahlukana, ungahlukanisa isihlahla sibe yizingxenye ngezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni ngayinye, kuyinto efiselekayo ukushiya amahlumela amathathu, ukuze izitshalo zisebenze. Beka izingcezu ezifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe.
2. Isiqu sendawo. Ukuze kusatshalaliswe ukusikwa, kuthathwa iziqu ezindala, eziphakeme, amahlumela aseceleni noma izimbali ezanyamalalayo. Ukusika kuthatha cishe u-10-15 cm ubude. Izilimo azigcini emhlabathini, njengezinye izitshalo zasendlini, kepha zibekwe phezulu enhlabathini (isihlabathi noma imango) zibekwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, mhlawumbe ngokushisa. Ama-Orchid angandiswa hhayi ngokusika izihlahla, kodwa ngokubeka isiqu ebhodweni eliseduze, sinqume kusitshalo somama ngemuva kokubuna.
3. Ukubamba phansi i-apex. Iziqu zama-orchid asabekayo (i-Wanda) akhula ngobude. Amahlamvu aphansi ayafa bese kuthi isiqu sedalulwe. Kwisitshalo esidlulileko, isiqu sinqunywa phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (okungcono ngezimpande ze-a emoyeni) futhi sitshalwe ebhodweni, siboshelwe kusekela. Ingxenye engezansi yesitshalo yenza izinqubo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
4. Ama-pseudobulbs we-rooting. Ungahlukanisa isibani esidala kuma-orchid asesithambile (ngokwesibonelo, i-pesendrum). Izinhlamvu ezindala ezinamaqabunga alahlekile zihlukaniswa futhi zitshalelwe ebhodweni elihlukile. Ngasikhathi sinye, kugcinwa umoya omswakama, futhi izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, kuvela izitshalo ezintsha ezimpandeni ezivela kuma-buds ezansi kwe-bulb yakudala. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ahlukaniswe futhi atshalwe emabhodweni.
5. Izingodo. Ama-orchid ambalwa kuphela azala ngale ndlela, ngokwesibonelo, i-dendrobium ne-pesendrum. Ngentwasahlobo noma ehlobo, isiqu sesitshalo esidala sinqunywa phansi bese sinqunywa sibe yizicucu ezingaba ngu-5 cm ukuze kube nama-2 internode engxenyeni ngayinye. Izingcezu zenziwe uthuli ngesibabule. Ama-cuttings atshalwe ku-sphagnum ngesihlabathi futhi abekwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-3-4, ukusikwa kunika amaqabunga bese kudluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukile.
6. Imbewu. Lapho isakazwa ngembewu, ithatha inhlabathi kumila oqoshiwe (ungangeza inhlabathi enamaqabunga), efekethisiwe kahle. Imbewu imbozwe ngemigqa futhi ayimboziwe ngenhlabathi. Ukuhlwanyelwa kugcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-22 - 25 ° C, kube nomswakama ophezulu. Esikhundleni sokunisela imbewu, kungcono ukufafaza ngokucophelela ngamanzi athambile. Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala ezitshalweni, zidonswa zingene emhlabathini, ziqukethe ama-moss oqoshiwe kanye ne-peat ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ukhetho lwesibili lwenziwa ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesibili, kuyilapho izimpande eziqokiwe zamaferns sezivele zengezwa enhlabathini, ngaphezu kwe-moss ne-peat. Ngokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga amane, izithombo zishiya isitsha singene emabhodweni waphakade.
Ukukhulisa izithombo kuyinqubo edla isikhathi kakhulu, ngisho nakubathandi be-orchid abanolwazi. (ziyaqhakaza kuphela iminyaka eyi-4-6.)
Kuyadingeka ukumila imbewu ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba kanye nohlaka olukhethekile, kodwa ungayizama uma impova seyenzekile esithelweni futhi izithelo seziqale. Susa isithelo lapho phezulu liqala ukoma. Lapho iqhekeka, fafaza ingxenye yembewu emgodini ongaphansi kwesitshalo somama. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka, izithombo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amancane endaweni engaphansi kwegxolo kanye ne-perlite.
Izinhlobo
1. I-Ada orange-red (i-Ada aurantiaca).
Lesi sitshalo sidabuka emaCentral Andes eColombia. I-orchid ephakathi nendawo enama-pseudobulbs acishe abe ngotshani, iqabunga elilodwa eliqondile kulayini kanye namaqabunga ahlukahlukene aluhlaza asezingeni le-pseudobulb. Izithambisi ezingaluki ezinde kakhulu ezingabonakali kakhulu zivela ngaphansi kwama-pseudobulbs futhi ziphethe izitshalo ezibomvu ezi-7-12 noma ngaphezulu. Iqhakaza ngoJanuwari-Meyi; ngenxa yokuvela hhayi okokuqala, kepha ukwehla kwama inflorescence ambalwa, ukuqhakaza kuthatha amasonto ayi-2-3.
Isimo esiyinhloko sesiko eliyimpumelelo le-red-red ada ngamazinga okushisa asebusuku aphansi (cishe u-6 ° C) ngokuhambisana nokushuba komoya omusha. Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukomisa isitshalo akufanele kuvunyelwe.
I-Ada orange ebomvu (i-Ada aurantiaca)2. I-Ansellia (Ansellia).
AmaTuberidia aqonde mpo, amise okwendilinga, amasilinda, aze afike ku-40 cm ubude, anamaqabunga angama-6-7. Amaqabunga angama-lanceolate, afakwe isikhumba, anendawo ecwebezelayo nemithambo emi-5 evelele, ekhonjwe, yagoqwa. Ubude beshidi yi-11-13 cm, ububanzi buyi-1.5-2 cm.
I-inflorescence i-apical, flow-multi, flowing, ngesimo se-panicle ebhebhethekayo, ifinyelela ku-15 cm cm. Izimbali ezinobubanzi obuyi-4-5 cm. Umlomo ulindwe kathathu. Ama-lobes asemuva adlulisiwe; ophakathi nendawo yi-oval. Izimbali zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, enemitheshana emide ebomvu yobumnyama obude emifanteni esezindebe zezindebe namabala abomvu ansundu emathuna nakuma-petals. Ikholomu iphuzi, i-arcuate, incanyana, ifinyelela ku-1 cm ubude.
Iqhakaza ngoSepthemba - Novemba. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siyizinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Ezasekhaya - ezishisayo kanye neNingizimu Afrika. Itholakala ngasogwini lwemifula.
Isibani: ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile.
Ngenqubo yokukhula okusebenzayo, badinga umthunzi.
Ukunisela: kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, afudumele. Ebusika - ngokulinganisela. Ehlobo - miningi. Ukuchelela okuningi kwenziwa ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.
Umswakama: okuluhlaza okotshani, ukufafaza njalo. Umswakama ungama-75-80%.
Ukufakelwa: njengoba kudingeka entwasahlobo. Ingxube yobumba: Ama-rhizomes aqoshiwe we-fern, i-peat, amaqabunga awileyo, izingcezu zokhuni lwamaphayini namalahle (3: 3: 2: 1: 1).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu: entwasahlobo-ihlobo - isikhathi esingu-1 emavikini ama-2 ngamanyolo wamaminerali kanye we-organic
ubusika-ekwindla - ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ehlobo, kanye ngenyanga banikwa isisombululo esingu-0,01% somanyolo wamaminerali ngokuphelele.
Ukugoqa: akudingi.
I-Ansellia (Ansellia)3. I-Ascocentrum (Ascocentrum).
Ama-Ascocentrums acishe afane nama-orchid angokwesizwe esidumile seWanda, yize ama-ascocentrums emincane kunalawa ngobukhulu. Akuzenzekeli ukuthi i-ascocentrum ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i- "miniature epiphytic orchid."
Lapho zigcinwa ngaphakathi, isikhathi se-ascocentrums yiminyaka embalwa kuphela. Ama-Ascocentrums enza ama-nzalo kalula ngama-orchid amanye ama-genera.
Ukunakekelwa
Isendlalelo:
Njengomugqa ongaphansi, ingxube nje yezingcezu zamagxolo amadala (ungasebenzisa uphayini) ne-peat ebunjiwe ifanelekile. Kuyasiza ukwengeza i-sphagnum moss.
Izimbali:
izimbali ziqala entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-inflorescence ebunjiwe enamaqabunga ikhuphuka ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, ithele izimbali eziningi ezincane. Kwezinye izikhathi kuba nama-inflorescence amaningana. Ububanzi bezimbali buyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2,5 cm. Amathoni ayinhloko ngombala wezimbali aphuzi, owolintshi futhi abomvu.
Isibani:
ukukhanyisa kungakhanya impela ngomoya omuhle. Ukushisa kwamakamelo, mhlawumbe okungaphansi kwe-15-16 ° С. I-Ascocentrum iphenduka kabi ekushintsheni okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa nokuhlaka. Uma umsinga omkhulu wokukhanya kwelanga uwela emaqabungeni e-ascocentrum, athola umbala oluhlaza okotshani.
Ukunisela:
ukuthambisa kwenziwa kuye ngokuthi isigaxa sendlela esezansi siphulukana kanjani nomswakama. Ehlobo, imvamisa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4, ebusika kungadluli isikhathi esi-1 ngeviki. Uma izinga lokushisa ebusika egumbini lokuphumula lifana nhlobo ehlobo, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhanya kuhleliwe, ubukhulu bokunisela akumele kwehliswe. Ukungeza i-sphagnum moss ku-substrate, ethatha amanzi kahle, kunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela kuya esikhathini esingu-1 ngeviki, ngisho nasehlobo.
Ukondla:
Ukondliwa kunconyelwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba. Ukuqoqwa kukamanyolo wezimbali kuncishiswa okungenani ngesigamu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga elinconyelisiwe emiyalweni.
I-Ascocentrum (Ascocentrum)4. IHedgehog Baptistonia (Baptistonia echinata).
I-Baptistonia idabuka e-hedgehog eBrazil. Le orchid ye-epiphytic ikhula ezihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-50 ukuya kwangama-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ama-Peduncle akhula kusuka kusisekelo se-pseudobulb.
Iqhakaza ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, yize ingaqhakaza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Isitshalo yi-thermophilic, amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusuku akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-17-20 ° C.
Lenhlobo ithanda umswakama ophezulu wama-75-90%. Umswakama onjalo kulula ukuwukhulisa nge-humidifier.
I-Hedgehog Baptistonia ithanda ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo, noma kunjalo, idinga ukufiphaza emahoreni ntambama ehlobo.
Lesi sitshalo si-hygrophilous, kepha asikubekezeleli ukunyakaza kwamanzi eduze kwamahhashi. Ukunisela kwenziwa kangcono ngamanzi afudumele. I-substrate ephakathi kokuphuza kufanele yome kancane.
Izimbiza ziphelele njengezitsha, noma ungakhula i-orchid ebhlokini.
I-substrate kufanele ibe nengxenyeni enkulu yama-pine bark ne-sphagnum moss.
Gcoba i-orchid njalo ukuthambisa okwesibili.
Isikhathi sokuphumula se-orchid asivezwanga.
IHedgehog Baptistonia isatshalaliswa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, ingxenye ngayinye iqukethe ama-pseudobulbs okungenani amathathu.
I-Hedgehog Baptistonia (Baptistonia echinata)5. I-Blecia (Bletia).
Uhlobo lwe-Blecia lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 ezikhula eCentral naseNingizimu Melika, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni esezansi neFlorida kuye e-Argentina, isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezikhona eBrazil.
Izitshalo ziqondile, ziba nohlobo lokukhula ngokukhula.
Ama-pseudobulbs cishe acwebile ngesimo, abe nezimpande ezinamanzi.
Amacembe agoqwa ngokude, asuka kwisisekelo se-pseudobulb, akhule izingcezu ezi-3-5.
I-inflorescence ikhula ngasohlangothini, i-panicrate ende noma i-racemose, ithwala izimbali ezintathu kuya kwezingu-80.
Izimbali ziphakathi nendawo. Faka umbala kusuka kokumhlophe nokuhlaza okotshani kuya ku-pink-fuchsin.
I-Bleach yakha i-fetus ngesimo se-cylindrical capsule.
Ithanda amazinga okushisa aphakathi ukusuka ku-18 kuye kuma-22 ° C.
Kungcono ukukhula emthunzini ongatheni ocashile.
Ukunisela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kufanele kube kuningi. Ngemuva kwamaqabunga awayo, ukuthambisa kufanele kuncishiswe.
Isendlalelo esihle kunazo zonke ingxube yamagxolo e-pine, e-peat namaqabunga abolile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo izikhathi 2 ngenyanga.
I-Blecia (Bletia)6. UVanda (Vanda).
Izimbali ezinkulu, eziyindilinga zohlobo lweWanda ziyasikhanga ngemibala yazo egqamile engajwayelekile. I-orchid edume kakhulu yalolu hlobo lwe-Wanda luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onezimbali ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezingaphandle. Iphalethi elicebile lohlobo lweWand luhlanganisa, ngaphezu kwamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi imibala ephuzi, ebomvu, ye-orange, efinyelela ku-mosagated. Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ngesimo salezi zitshalo. Uma ufuna ukutshala ama-orchid ku-windowsill, sincoma ukuthi weqe iWanda ngohlobo lwe-Ascocentrum, olude kakhulu, kepha olungaphansi kwe-orchid eWanda ebuhleni nasebukhazikhazini bokuqhakaza. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezintsha, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhetha manje kuhloswe ukuthola amafomu amancane.
Ama-orchid ohlobo lweWanda ngokuvamile athengiswa kubhasikidi angenawo naphansi. Kungcono ukubakhulisa efasiteleni lokuzala izimbali noma engadini ebusika enomswakama omkhulu. Ukuze lezi zimbali ziqale ukuqhakaza, nakanjani zidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Izinhlobo ezihlanzekile zalolu hlobo zidinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe ebusika.
Ama-orchid ohlobo lweWanda, akhula ezifundeni zethu, ngokuvamile aqhakaza kaninginingi kunalokho okulethwa emazweni aphesheya. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, thola ukuthi zikhule kuphi izimbali ezikhethiwe.
UVanda7. UDoritis (uDoritis).
Uhlobo oluncane lwama-orchid asezinduneni aqhamuka ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, okuthi, ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kokunye kuya kwezinhlobo ezintathu. Imvelo kuvame ukwenzeka njengokwemvelo, i-doritis ikhula njengezitshalo zomhlaba noma i-lithophytic, ihlale emhlabathini onesihlabathi noma ematsheni emahlathini anqabileko asezimbali noma emathafeni ashiswe yilanga. I-Doritis ihlukile kuma-phalaenopsis ku-peduncle emile eqondile, kanye nasema verbini ame ngezinyawo.
Buka
UDoritis omuhle kakhulu (uDoritis pulcherrima).
I-orchid engajwayelekile, ingakhula njengesitshalo se-epiphytic, se-lithophytic noma se-terrestrial. Izimbali zivele ku-peduncle eyakhiwe kanzima, ifinyelela ku-20-60 cm ubude futhi ithatha izimbali ezingama-25 ezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi ehlukahlukene - ukusuka elvender ekhanyayo kuya ku-amethyst e-pink ne-amethyst ekhanyayo. Izimbali zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-3.5-5.0. Ama blooms kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuLwezi, izithonjana zezimbali ezithile zingatholakala ebusika nasentwasahlobo.
UDoritis omuhle kakhulu (uDoritis pulcherrima)8. ICattleya (iCattleya).
Izwe lama-orchid ase-epiphytic nama-lithophytic amahlathi ashisayo aseNyakatho, eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu Melika, kanye nehlathi laseBrazil elishisayo.
Uhlobo lweCattleya lunezinhlobo ezingama-53. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 namakhulu ayi-nzalo ezivamile emasikweni.
Uhlobo lokukhula lunozwela.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwe-morya.
Abamele iqembu lokuqala banezimbali ezinamaphiko, ezinamabala, ezinwebekile, kwesinye isikhathi ezinamabala athambile, ziphethe iqabunga elilodwa lesikhumba.
I-peduncle ivela engxenyeni engeyona ye-pseudobulb bese ithwala izimbali eziningana ezinamakha.
Umbala uphethwe yimibala epinki-nsomi nemhlophe. Izindawo eziphuzi zivame ukutholakala ezindebeni.
Iqembu lesibili lifaka izitshalo ezinama-pseudobulbs ama-cylindrical ama-pseudobulbs amade aphethe amaqabunga amabili (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu) anesakhiwo se-elliptical.
I-peduncle ikhula ukusuka phezulu kwe-pseudobulb futhi ithwala izimbali ezimbalwa ezinde eziphakathi.
Izimbali zinemibala ehlukahlukene futhi, uma ziqhathaniswa neqembu lokuqala, ukuthungwa okuxubile.
I-inflorescence ibhulashi elinezimbali ezincane elitholakala ku-peduncle emfushane. Kuqukethe izimbali ezinkulu ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5 nezinamakha afinyelela ku-15 cm. Zonke izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya kwamane. Futhi ngefomu elinqunyiwe bagcina ukuvela okusha amaviki amathathu.
Izimbali zinkulu, zinombala ogqamile, onephunga elimnandi, onomlomo ogqamile onqenqemeni olufakwe ezitsheni.
Izimbali ikakhulukazi ngo-Ephreli-Septhemba.
Isistimu yezimpande imelelwa ama-rhizomes aphakeme ezinwabuzelayo.
AmaCattleya amaningi abe nesikhathi sokuphumula esimisiwe kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa elilungile phakathi nosuku lingama-16-18 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa ebusuku lingu-10-12 ° C.
Ingxenye yenkomo engahlangene inezikhathi ezimbili zokuphumula.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezisuka ezindaweni ezinokuhluka okungafani kwesizini azinaso isikhathi sokuphawula.
Cattleya9. I-Oncidium (Oncidium).
I-Oncidium ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi nezithandwayo zama-orchid.
Namuhla, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700 zezitshalo ze-epiphytic. Abamele bayo bakhula babe ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle emahlathini emvula aseMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Inani elincane lezinhlobo lihlala eFlorida. Zitholakala ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene - kusuka emahlathini “anamafu” noma “inkungu” kuya emiphakathini yezitshalo ze-savannah enokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinkathi zonyaka nokushintshashintsha kwezinsuku ngamazinga okushisa, umswakama kanye nemvula. Indawo: Ama-oncidiums athanda ukukhanya, nezitshalo ezinobukhulu amaqabunga enenyama. Kungcono ukubeka imbali eduze kwewindi laseningizimu noma lasentshonalanga. Ewindini eliseningizimu ehlobo, ntambama, uzodinga umthunzi ovela elangeni eliqondile. Ewindini lasenyakatho, ukushoda kokukhanya akukuthinti ukukhula, kepha kuphazamisa ukuqhakaza. Ehlobo, ama-oncidiums angathathwa ayiswe ngaphandle ngaphandle, ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla kakhulu ngeke kubalimaze.
Zonke izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lukhula kahle, ziyaqhakaza futhi zikhule lapho zigcinwa ngaphansi kwesibani se-fluorescent.
Ukushisa: maqondana nombuso wokushisa, wonke ama-oncidium angaphakathi angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu.
Iqembu lokuqala lifaka ama-oncidium athanda ukushisa - lezi yizitshalo zehlathi (imvula ye-oncidium, i-moth oncidium, njll.). Ukulungela okukhulu kubo izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sehlobo lango-25-30 ° C kanye nobusika besikhathi sokushisa kobusika obungu-15-18 ° C. Eziningi zalezi zitshalo, amplitude okushisa nsuku zonke kufanele abe ngu-3-5 ° C.
Iqembu lesibili lifaka ama-orchid adinga ukushisa okulinganiselwe - lezi yizitshalo zamahlathi okuhamba phansi (tiger oncidium, oncidium enhle, njll.). Izitshalo zidinga izimo ezipholile kakhulu ngeqondo lokushisa lesikhathi sehlobo lika-18-22 ° C kanye nokushisa okubandayo kobusika obusebusika obungu-12-15 ° C.
Iqembu lesithathu liqukethe izinhlobo ezibandayo zithanda ukubanda - izitshalo zamahlathi asezintabeni (oncidium esonayo, oncidium warty, njll.). Kubo, izinga lokushisa elilungile ehlobo akufanele likhuphuke ngaphezulu kwe-22 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lasebusika ebusika kufanele libe ngu-70 ° C. Lezi zimo ziseduze kwezimo zasehlathini zezintaba.
Ukunisela: ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-orchid iniselwa njalo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5; phakathi kokunisela, bavumela ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesigcawu ukuba lome kancane, luvimbele ukunqwabelana komswakama. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, umswakama wenhlabathi kufanele ube omncane, kepha ungalethi isibani ekuqwayizeni. Amanzi asetshenziswa amanzi emvula noma i-lime neutralizer yengezwe emanzini kampompi.
I-Oncidium (Oncidium)© Pikiwikisrael
10. IPaphiopedilum (Paphiopedilum).
Njengamanje, i-genus Paphiopedilum ifaka cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezitshalo zasemhlabeni noma ezinama-semi-epiphytic ezivela eHimalaya, China, India, Vietnam, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia nasePhilippines.
Uhlobo luye lwaqanjwa ngegama lesiGreki elithi paphia - okunye kokuhlukahluka kokuzwakala kwegama likankulunkulukazi uVenus ne-pedilon - imbadada, isicathulo, esifanekisela ukwakheka kwangaphandle kwembali.
Isiqu se-papiopedilum sifinyezwe ngokuqinile, futhi amaqabunga, obanzi, awomugqa, abunjiwe ngebhande noma obude, abushelelezi, akhombe emaphethelweni, ngombala oluhlaza alethwa ndawonye endaweni yokuthengisa eyimbili. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izinhlobo amaqabunga angama-monochromatic, aluhlaza okotshani, kwezinye - ngephethini lemabula elimnyama.
Izimbali zivame ukuhlelwa kube munye.
IPaphiopedilum inesikhathi eside sezimbali (izimbali zihlala zintsha kuze kube izinyanga ezi-2). Ngenxa yale khwalithi, amaPaphiopedilums asetshenziswa kaningi ekusikeni.
Ama-blogi wePaphiopedilum ikakhulukazi ebusika.
I-Paphiopedilum (Paphiopedilum)Ungaphunyuka ezinkingeni zansuku zonke futhi uthole izinjongo ezingokomoya empilweni uma ama-orchid nama-cyperuses ekhula eduzane. Ama-orchid akhuthaza futhi avuselele ubuqambi, asize ukuphuma ekucindezelekeni. Ama-orchid abomvu amnyama axosha ubuvila nokunganaki.
