Isimbali esidonsa izimbali mirabilis (Mirabilis) siyilungu lomndeni ongahlonishwa. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinesimo sezulu, futhi zivame kakhulu eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, kepha kukhona uhlobo olulodwa oluqhamuka eSouth Asia. Kusuka esiLatinini, elithi "mirabilis" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "emangalisayo". Lolu hlobo lwe-mirabilis, njengeYalapa, lubizwa nangokuthi "ubuhle basebusuku", futhi wazuza uthando olukhulu kubalimi. Lezi zimbali zilula ekuqaleni, kepha zinesikhalazo esingaqondakali. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwengadi ye-mirabilis kugcwele iphunga elihlukile. Ihlukaniswa ngokungathandeki kwayo nokunganciphi ezimeni ezikhulayo. Imvamisa, isitshalo esinjalo sakha uthango olungaphakeme kakhulu olubukeka luqhakazile futhi luhlaba umxhwele.
Izici ze-mirabilis (ubuhle basebusuku)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izinhlobo ze-mirabilis Yalapa yiMexico. Lesi sithelo esingenamsoco sinezimpande ezivuvukayo, sitshalwa njengesitshalo sonyaka. Amabhushi anomumo oyindilinga obanzi, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0,8 m. Amahlumela aqhakaze kakhulu aqoshwe ngopende obomvu onsomi, ingxenye yawo engezansi iba nesithunzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amaqabunga e-petiole aphikisayo angenalutho anomumo o-ovoid-elongated futhi aluhlaza ngombala. Ama-inflorescence ama-apical corymbose acwebezelayo aqukethe izimbali ezimise okomshini ongafika ku-2,5 cm amasentimitha, ungapendwe ngopelepele, owolintshi, onsomi, omhlophe, onsomi, ophuzi, ophuzi, obomvu, futhi kukhona nemibala emibili noma emithathu. Imbali iyavuleka ngemuva kwamahora ayi-16, bese ivala lapho kusa. Uma isimo sezulu sinamafu, khona-ke izimbali ze-mirabilis zihlala zivulekile usuku lonke. Esihlahleni esifanayo sesitshalo esinjalo, izimbali ezinemibala ehlukene ziyaqhakaza. Isibonelo, izimbali zemithunzi ehlukahlukene epinki (kusuka ku-raspberry kuya ku-salmon) ingahlobisa isihlahla esisodwa se-mirabilis, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi imicu enemibala iyagqama eziqongweni. Isithelo esikhulu esinenhlanyelo eyodwa sinezimbambo ezibukhali nombala onsundu omnyama. Imbewu ihlala isebenza iminyaka emithathu.
Ukukhula kwe-mirabilis kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo
I-Mirabilis yezinhlobo ze-yalap ingasakazwa ngendlela yembewu. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokutshala imbewu, kubalulekile ukuyinciphisa, ngoba kuyadingeka ukulimaza igobolondo lawo eliminyene, kusetshenziswa i-sandpaper noma ifayela. Thela ku-thermos yamanzi afudumele bese uthela imbewu lapho, kufanele ube lapho amahora angama-24. Imbewu yobusuku bokuhlwanyelwa izithombo kusuka ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izibuko ngazinye, ezigcwele ukukhanya okuncane kwe-alkali noma kwenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, ungazithenga esitolo esikhethekile noma uzenzele wena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlanganisa umquba (i-humus), i-peat, umhlabathi we-turfy nesihlabathi esigeziwe (1: 2: 2: 0.5), bese umlotha wezinkuni (amalitha ama-5 we-mixture inkomishi yomlotha) noma ufulawa we-dolomite (5 lxube 2 wezipuni ezinkulu zikafulawa). Gcwalisa izinkomishi ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ¾ yevolumu, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuyipaka kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho ukhiqize ngokunisela kakhulu ngesisombululo se-fungicide. Kwindebe e-1, imbewu eyodwa iyahlwanyelwa, embozwe ungqimba ongemkhulu kakhulu (kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15 mm) wesigcawu esingasasebenziyo, khona-ke izilimo zidinga ukuniselwa kusuka kwisibhamu sokufafaza esihlukaniswe kahle.
Ngemuva kwalokho izilimo zihlanzwa kubhavu, izinga lokushisa lomoya lapho kufanele lisuke ku-18 liye ku-20 degrees.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Izithombo zokuqala zingabonakala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5 noma eziyisithupha. Lapho kuvela izithombo, ungakhohlwa ukususa indawo yokukhosela bese uhlela kabusha izinkomishi endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo epulazini elilodwa lamaqabunga, kuzodingeka ukunciphisa izithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, endebeni ngayinye enesikhafu kuyadingeka ukusika ebusweni be-substrate leyo yezithombo ezibonakala zibuthakathaka, ukuze zingaphazamisi ukukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo esinamandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izithombo zizodinga ukondliwa okokuqala, usebenzisa, isibonelo, iFertiku, iRastvorin noma iKrepysh.
Ukunisela izithombo kudingekile kuphela emva kokuthi inhlama yomhlaba engilazini isomile ngokuphelele, futhi konke ngoba kuthinta kabi kakhulu ekubanjisweni kwamanzi kwesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba. Ngemuva kokuphakama kwezitshalo kufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10- 10, azodinga ukudluliselwa kumabhodwe amakhulu bese enikwa ukudla okwesibili esebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zikhule kahle, kuzodingeka ziqale lukhuni. Isikhathi sokuqina kwezitshalo siyisigamu senyanga, phakathi nesikhathi lapho kuzofanela zijwayele imvelo yangaphandle. Ukuze lukhule izithombo, kufanele idluliselwe nsuku zonke emoyeni omusha (kuvulandi noma engadini), kuyilapho isikhathi esichithwa ezitshalweni emgwaqweni kufanele sonyuswe kancane, ekugcineni izitshalo zizokwazi ukuhlala lapho usuku lonke.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yeMirabilis emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yobuhle bangaphandle kungenziwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile. Lungiselela imbewu yokutshala ngendlela efanayo naleyo okuhlwanyelwa ngayo izithombo. Ukufika kwabo kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli noma ezokuqala - ngoMeyi. Sakaza imbewu emifantweni ebilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, ngenkathi ugcina ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-7 kuya kwayi-8 phakathi kwawo. Ukumba imbewu enhlabathini udinga ama-30mm kuphela. Izilimo zidinga ukuniselwa ngamanzi afudumele, emva kwalokho isakhiwo simboziwe ngefilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Lapho kuvela izithombo zokuqala, indawo yokukhosela kuzodingeka isuswe. Lapho izimbali zikhula, zizodinga ukuncishiswa ngaphandle.
Ukutshala mirabilis emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukutshala izithombo ze-mirabilis enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuba umhlaba usufudunyelelwe kahle futhi kungabikho songo sokuqandelwa yiqhwa. Njengomthetho, lesi sikhathi siwela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbali enjalo i-thermophilic ngokweqile, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha indawo enelanga nelifudumele ilanga lokutshala. Zama ukwaba isikhala esiningi samahhala kulesi sitshalo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothatha indawo yezimbali eduze kwaso, ngoba sinolaka impela. Ukuze ukhule le mbali, kunconywa ukukhetha i-loamy enempilo noma inhlabathi yobumba, equkethe umquba. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, khona-ke kufanele ibe ngumkhawulo. Isitshalo asikubekezeleli ukufiphaza uketshezi enhlabathini, kulokhu, ngokutshala kwaso, awukwazi ukukhetha umhlabathi omanzi noma indawo ephansi.
Izici Zokufika
Izithombo zitshalwe zilandelana, kanti phakathi kwezinhlobo kufanele kubhekwe ibanga eli-0,4-0,5 m. Ubukhulu nokujula komgodi wokutshala kufanele kube ngendlela yokuthi konke okuqukethwe ebhodweni (uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba) kungangena kuwo. Nisela izithombo amahora angama-1-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, lapho izitshalo zingasuswa ngokushesha ethangini futhi zitshaleke emgodini odinga ukumbozwa ngenhlabathi. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuhle.
Nakekela mirabilis engadini
Lapho ukhule engadini, ubuhle basebusuku buhlukaniswa ngemvelo yayo engafani, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyinakekela. Ukuze lesi sitshalo siqhume ngesikhathi, sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi, okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Esikhathini eside esomile, udinga ukunisela izimbali ezinjalo kusuka izikhathi ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ehlobo elinezimvula, ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke unike amanzi ama-mirabilis nhlobo. Lapho isitshalo siniselwa noma imvula idlula, kubalulekile ukukhulula ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ngasikhathi sinye ukhula.
Ngesikhathi sehlobo, ubuhle bebusuku budinga ukondliwa amahlandla ama-2 noma ama-3. Isikhathi sokuqala sondliwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, okwesibili - phakathi kwehlobo, nokwesithathu - ezinsukwini zokugcina zasehlobo. Kunconyelwa ukondla ama-mirabilis ngomquba kanye no-humus, kanti kungcono ukungafaki into enomanyolo enhlabathini. Futhi okondlayo sebenzisa amakhambi wezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudla okwesibili nokwesithathu sebenzisa inani eliphansi le-nitrogen.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Le mbali imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, uma amanzi evele ehlelekile enhlabathini, khona-ke lesi sitshalo singakhula ngokubola kwezimpande. Isihlahla esinegciwane kufanele simbiwe futhi sishiswe, kuyilapho indawo lapho ikhula khona kufanele ichithwe ngesisombululo sokubulala isikhunta, ngokwesibonelo, uFundazole. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, umbuso wokunisela kufanele ubuyekezwe.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ubuhle ebusuku bungathola ukugqwala noma elinye lamabala. Izifo ezinjalo zokukhunta zingaqedwa ngosizo lwezixazululo zokubulala ukhunta, noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nokwelashwa kwento ethintekayo, susa izimbali ezinegciwane kanye namahlamvu kuso.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Uma ufisa, ekwindla, ungamba izimbila ezimnyama zobuhle basebusuku ezibukeka zifana nezaqathe bese usika amahlumela wazo ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Lapho isiqu sesomile, ziyawa uqobo lwazo. Songa izimbotshana ngamashidi amaphepha aminyene, kepha kungaba ngcono ukuzigcina zimbozwe nesihlabathi. Zigcinelwe ukugcinwa endaweni lapho okushisa komoya kugcinwa khona ngaphakathi kwamadigri angama-3-7. Ngentwasahlobo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo zizodinga ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovuthwe kahle, noma zingatshalwa emabhodweni wezimbali, zibekwe efasiteleni, futhi ngemuva kokufudumala ngaphandle, izimbali zidluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-mirabilis ezinezithombe namagama
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, abalimi bavame ukuhlakulela uhlobo olungu-1 lwe-mirabilis - i-Yalapa, noma ubuhle ebusuku, noma i-laxative mirabilis. Loluhlobo lwachazwa ngemininingwane ekuqaleni kwendatshana. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zobuhle basebusuku:
- Iolanthe. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla samamitha ayihafu kuyindilinga. Amahlumela anamandla futhi awugqinsi ama-knotty engxenyeni engenhla ahlanganiswe kakhulu. Izimbali ezimise okomsebenzi ziphakathi ngosayizi futhi zigcwele ngombala; imichilo itholakala ebusweni bayo yonke i-corolla. Izimbali zihlala kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni kuya nakuwo uqobo amafrimu.
- I-lollipop ebomvu. Isihlahla esikhulu sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0.9. Amahlumela aminyene aqobekile engxenyeni engenhla apende ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Amapuleti eshidi elilula le-oval-oblong emaphethelweni axakile. Ububanzi bezimbali ezibomvu ezihlanganisiwe njengamasondo zilingane ngamasentimitha ayi-6.
- Elvira. Isihlahla se-Fluffy siphakathi ngosayizi. Amahlumela ahlanganisiwe abushelelezi ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Amapuleti anamaqabunga e-oblong enesihloko esikhombewe adwetshwe aluhlaza okotshani. Ububanzi bombala ogcwele wezimbali ngu-3.5 cm.
- Isikhathi Sokubomvu. Ubungako bezitshalo bumaphakathi. Knotty amahlumela abushelelezi engxenyeni engenhla egxile kakhulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama anombala obusika. Izimbali ezinobukhulu obuphakathi zidwetshwe ngopinki okhanyayo.
- I-Ti Isikhathi Fyomula Mixche. Ukuma kwesihlahla kunwebekile, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.7-0.9 m. Amapuleti weqabunga alula anezinhlaka ezicijile anomumo obala. Kuphakanyisiwe amahlumela abushelelezi ngezansi. Kulolu chungechunge lwama-growar, izimbali ezibushelelezi ezibunjiwe njenge-funnel ezinqenqemeni lika-wavy, imibala yazo ixubekile, futhi ububanzi zifinyelela ku-2,5 cm.
I-Mirabilis multiflorum nayo iyatshalwa. Lo muthi ongapheli ufinyelela kumamitha angama-0.8 ubude. Amahlumela aqondile awanalutho. Amapuleti amaqabunga angama-Smooth anesimo se-ovoid-elongated. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi, kwakheka ama-axillary inflorescence, ahlanganisa izimbali ezi-2 kuya kwezi-6 zezimbali ezinsomi ezisesibhedlela esifanayo esime bell. Ububanzi bezimbali bungamasentimitha ayi-4-6.
IRotundifolia mirabilis isakhula. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esihlanganisiwe kungamamitha ayi-0,3. Esikhathini sekhava evamile ye-apical inflorescence, cishe izimbali ezintathu ezi-3 zombala onsomi onsomi, ububanzi bazo abudluli ku-10 mm. Izimbali ziqhakaza kusihlwa, futhi ziyavalwa lapho kusa.
