Isitshalo se-herbaceous sonyaka noma esiqine sangobo (Cerastium) siyilungu lomndeni we-clove. Emvelweni, isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele e-Australia, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, e-Eurasia naseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-200. Igama lesayensi lalolu hlobo livela egameni lesiGrikhi, elihumusha ngokuthi "linophondo", lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezithelo zezinhlobo ezithile zeziqu. Kulolu hlobo lohlobo oluthile, ezinye izinhlobo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Izici ze-hawk
Isitshalo se-herbaceous sehlengethwa sivele noma sivele amahlumela, ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,1 kuye ku-0.3 m, njengomthetho, kukhona ukubonakala kobuso, kepha ngesinye isikhathi azinalutho. Uhlelo lwezimpande luqinile, kepha luyingqayizivele; lungakhula enhlabathini enamatye. Iziqu ezinwabuzelayo zinezimpande kahle. Ama-plates amaqabunga amancane ahlukaniswe ngokuphele kahle anama-pubescence aminyene. Izimbali ezimhlophe, ububanzi ezifinyelela ku-20 mm, zinama-petals angenamabili. Izithelo ziyibhokisi le-cylindrical oblong, ngaphakathi kwalo okuyimbewu ansundu.
Ukutshala ukhula emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Isiqu sikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ngokusebenzisa izithombo noma ngendlela engesiyo yezithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kungenziwa ngokushesha enhlabathini evulekile, kwenze ngo-Ephreli noma ngaphambi kobusika. Izithombo ezihlumayo kufanele ziklanywe ngaphandle, kanti ibanga elingama-50 mm kumele libhekwe phakathi kwezitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabalimi, indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzala ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Imbewu yesitshalo esinjalo iboniswa ukuhluma okuhle futhi emva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 kuphela izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele. Kulula kakhulu ukukhula izithombo zezithombo, kuyadingeka ukunisela nokukhulula ubuso be-substrate ngendlela yesikhathi. Izithombo zikhethwa ngemuva kokuba kuqalile ukwakhiwa kwepuleti leqabunga langempela noma lesithathu; ngoba lokhu, kusetshenziswa izindebe ngazinye. Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngoJulayi.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Isiko elinjalo lingesinye sezitshalo eziningi kakhulu zomhlaba. Kulokhu, ngokufika kwayo, ungakhetha izindawo ezivulekile elangeni ezikhanyiselwe usuku lonke. Indawo efanelekile yokutshala isitshalo esinjalo kumele ivikeleke emoyeni oqinile womoya nokusalungiswa.
Isitshalo esinjalo sihlukaniswa ulaka lwaso. Isihlahla esisodwa esincane siyakwazi ukuthatha insimu, ububanzi ifinyelela kumamitha angama-0.75. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokufika kwe-spruce, indawo leyo kufanele ikhawulelwe eceleni komngcele. Lesi sitshalo asinciphisi ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa imbali enjalo emhlabeni onamatye, kepha inani elincane le-peat kufanele lingezwe kukho. Kepha okuhle ngokukhulisa isitshalo esinjalo kungumhlabathi okhululekile, onomoya futhi okhanyayo we-alkaline noma ukusabela okungathathi hlangothi, okuqukethe inani elikhulu lesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, kufanele ugaye indawo leyo ekujuleni kwamafosholo ase-bayonet, kuyilapho kuwo wonke amamitha-skwele ayi-1, amakhilogremu ayi-6 we-humus kufanele afakwe. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba noma i-loamy, khona-ke isihlabathi kufanele sengezwe kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshalwa kwamahlengethwa, inhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele ikhululwe kahle. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo kumele zikhuniwe. Ukutshala izitshalo kufanele kwenziwe hhayi kwizimbobo ezijulile kakhulu, ibanga phakathi kwalo okufanele libe amamitha ayi-0.3. Izimbobo zidinga ukugcwaliswa, futhi izitshalo ezitshaliwe kufanele ziniswe kahle. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala kwesiqu kukhula kusuka imbewu kuzokwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokukhula.
Ingadi inakekelwa ukunakekelwa
I-Strawberry ihlukile ekuzithobeni kwayo, ngakho ukuyikhulisa engadini yakho kulula kakhulu. Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi imbali enjalo ikhula enhlabathini eyondlekile, kanti indawo leyo kufanele ibe nelanga futhi ivuleke. Entwasahlobo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza indawo lapho isivuno esinjalo sikhula kusuka kumfucumfucu wezitshalo, amagatsha amadala kanye namahlamvu endizayo. Ngemuva kwalokho lesi sitshalo kudingeka siqinisekise ukhula ngesikhathi, ukuthambisa, ukugawula. Kufanele usike nezimbali ezishwabene ngesikhathi, futhi futhi ukhulule ingaphezulu lomhlabathi phakathi kwezihlahla, kepha lokhu kungenziwa.
Ungawunisela kanjani amanzi futhi uwondle
Lesi sitshalo siyamelana nesomiso, kepha sisadinga ukuthambisa okuhlelekile, kufanele kwenziwe kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Uma lina ngokuhlelekile ehlobo, khona-ke awudingi ukunisela ihlengethwa. Kepha ngesikhathi sesomiso isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukunisela imbali enjalo.
Ochwepheshe abanalo umbono owodwa wokuthi isiko elinjalo lidinga yini ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Abanye babo bayaqiniseka ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhula ngaphandle kwabo, futhi ngokubona kokunye, isiqu sizosabela kahle ekumbathweni okuphezulu okukhiqizwe ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Abalimi abanqume ukondla imbali enjalo kufanele basebenzise umanyolo wezitshalo zomhlobiso zasengadini ngale njongo. Ubuye futhi ajwayele ukuphendula okuphezulu kokufakwa kumanyolo we-organic (isixazululo se-mullein noma i-bird droppings), kuyanconywa ukuthi kufakwe emhlabathini ngokuhlukile namaminerali. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, udinga ukondla ihlengethwa izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3 kuphela.
Ungatshala kanjani
Lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sithambekele ekukhuleni okuqinile, maqondana nalokhu, sidinga ukuncishiswa. Entwasahlobo, ukugawulwa kwendle kwenziwa, lapho kudingeka ukusika wonke omisiwe, olimele futhi olinyazwe yiqabaka noma ngeziqu zezifo. Futhi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo noma ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kwenziwa izihlahla okwakhayo, ngenxa yalokho lowo osebenza engadini kuyofanela aqondise iziqu endaweni efanele futhi asuse yonke amahlumela angadingekile. Lapho izihlahla ziqhakaza, qiniseka ukuthi usika wonke amahlumela ngeziqu zamehlo. Uma uhlanza kahle uhlaka, kuzoqala ukuqhakaza futhi emasontweni ehlobo eledlule. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvela kwezimbali okuphindaphindekile akukuhle kakhulu.
Ungashintsha kanjani
Isiko elinjalo lingatshalwa endaweni efanayo engadini iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala nje izihlahla zizokhula kakhulu, futhi zizodinga ukuthungwa kabusha kabusha. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ukusakazwa kwesiqu kwenziwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Okokuqala, izihlahla kufanele ziklanywe kakhulu, bese zisuswa emhlabathini bese zihlukaniswa zibe izingxenye. I-Delenki ngayinye kufanele ihlanzwe ngokubola nezimpande ezomile. Ukutshala ama-Delenok enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokutshala kwama dolphin okuqala. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukuthulula izihlahla okungenani isikhathi esisodwa eminyakeni eyi-5.
Ubusika
I-spruce yase-perennial iboniswa ukumelana ngokulingana nesithwathwa, kanti ezindaweni ezihlala nobusika obufudumele akudingekile ukumboza izihlahla ukubanda ubusika. Kepha ezindaweni ezineqhwa elincane neqhwa, isitshalo sidinga indawo yokukhosela, esingasetshenziswa njenge-spunbond noma i-lutrasil. Amaqabunga awile noma amagatsha e-spruce awanconywa ukuthi asetshenziselwe indawo yokukhosela, ngoba izihlahla ezingaphansi kwawo zivame ukuqala ukucula.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Strawberry ine ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kwezinambuzane nezifo. Njengomthetho, izinambuzane noma izifo ezilimazayo zithinta kuphela lezo zinhlahla ezazenziwe buthaka ngokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukungahambisani nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Uma unisela isitshalo kakhulu futhi kaningi, khona-ke ukubola kuvela ohlelweni lwayo lwezimpande. Ukuze uvikele isihlahla, udinga ukusinkcenkceshela kahle, siwahlole ngokuhlelekile, sikhiphe izimbali eziphelayo neziqu ngesikhathi, futhi futhi udinga ukukhipha wonke ukhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezithungo ezinezithombe namagama
Abalimi bahlakulela inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zemithi. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwabo usengathola uhlobo oluqinisekile oluzokwazi ukuhlobisa ipulani lakho lengadi.
I-Alpine chafer (i-Cerastium alpinum)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo itholakala kuma Carpathians, nasezintabeni zase-Altai, eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Isitshalo esinjalo se-herbaceous perennial sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha ayi-15. Ukudubula ezihlahleni kuyakhamba. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga esiliva eluhlaza kukhona i-pubescence, futhi ukwakheka kwawo ku-ovoid. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe, efinyelela ububanzi obungama-20 mm.
Isiqu seBieberstein (Cerastium biebersteinii), noma ukhuni wesiliva
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo siseCrimea, isihlahla simbozwe yi-pubescence, ngenxa yokuthi sinombala onsomi. Iziqu ziyakhamba, kanti ama-peduncle anokuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Amapuleti eqabunga ahleliwe angaba yi-oblong-linear noma eqondile. Eziqongweni zama-peduncle, ama-inflorescences abukeka njengama-umbrella, aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe, aze afike ku-15 mm ngaphesheya. Le nhlobo ilinywe kusukela ngonyaka we-1820. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yiSiliva Carpet: isihlahla esinamaphiko okukhamba enza umcamelo obukhulu, simbozwe nge-pubescence obukhulu, iziqu zezimbali zinokuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-20. Umbala wezimbali umhlophe. Amapuleti weqabunga le-Sedentary mancane.
Falk Isiqu (Cerastium tomentosum)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yingxenye eseningizimu ye-Italy. Yakha imicamelo ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ayi-0,3, futhi ububanzi ifinyelela kumamitha angama-0.6. Phezu kwesiqu esiqobolondayo kunenqwaba yokuzwa yombala onsomi. Amapuleti eshidi amancane apendwe grey ukukhanya. Izimbali ezimhlophe ngobubanzi zifinyelela ku-10 mm. Lesi sitshalo, uma siqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo, asikhuli kahle, futhi ngenxa yalokho sivame ukutshala ezivandeni zamatshe. Itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1620. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa ngabalimi:
- ikholomu - lokhu okuhlukahlukene kungamelana neqhwa, kufinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha ayi-15;
- Ukuwa kwamanzi eCrystal - ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20, izimbali zimhlophe ngamahlumela amafushane, amancanyana.
Isiqu esimhlophe (Cerastiumreliissimum), noma isiqu esimhlophe
Le nhlobo ingumbala wamaGrikhi. Amakati ambozwe yi-pubescence enkulu azizwa eyi-pubescence, akha imicamelo eminyene. Amahlumela aqonde. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti eqabunga angenhla kulayini-lanceolate, kanti lawo aphansi angama-scapular. Izimbali ezisikwe kabili zikhulu.
Isiqu se-Ural (Cerastium uralense)
Lolu hlobo lusengozini futhi ngenxa yalokho lubhalwe ku-Red Book. Imfudu esehlathini isikhululekile. Ubude bezithombo ezikhuphukayo ngamasentimitha ayi-8-25. Futhi ubude bamapuleti eshidi anesimo se-lanceolate cishe angama-40 mm, futhi ububanzi bawo bufika ku-80 mm. Umbala wezimbali umhlophe, amacembe abo anqunywa kwikota eyodwa.
Ngisho abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: isiqu sensimu, izimbali ezinkulu nezinsomi.
