I-Spruce: izinhlobo, izinhlobo, ukutshala

Igama lesiLatin elithi spruce (Picea) kwaqhamuka egameni lasendulo lesiRoma elithi "pix" -resin. Njengaminyaka eyinkulungwane edlule, manje lobu buhle obuhlala buhlala njalo, obuphila iminyaka engama-300, buthandwa ngabalimi. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-50 ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla zemisipres, futhi eziningi zazo, ngenxa yabafuyi bezimpahla zokuhlobisa, zinemidwebo yokuhlobisa enomqhele ekhalayo noma wekholomu, ezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zesiliva noma ezimpunga, eziphakeme ngokufana nesiqu - kusuka kumamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-50. Kodwa ukuze umuthi kaKhisimusi uphezu kwakho isayithi lisusiwe, kukho konke lokhu kwehlukahlukana okudingeka ukhethe okukodwa okungahle ukwenelise izidingo zakhe zokuphila okunethezekile.

I-spruce ethambile, noma i-Blue spruce.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-spruce

I-Ayan spruce, noma i-spruce enezinhlamvu ezincane (I-Picea jezoensis) umsuka waseMpumalanga Ekude. Umbono uhlukaniswa ngokuvumelana kwawo, ukwakheka komqhele, izinaliti ezinde (kufika ku-2 cm) - ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi, nokukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani, okukhanya okukhanyayo okuyi-cylindrical brown okufika ku-6 cm ngaphezulu. Le spruce enkulu (ukuphakama 40-50 m) iyisithunzi-esibekezelelekayo, kepha ayizukubekezelela amaxhaphozi, ikhetha ukuthambisa okunomswakama ngokulinganayo. Ubusika emgqeni ophakathi ulungile, kepha entwasahlobo ungahlaselwa yisithwathwa. Ubuhlungu buphendula ngokufakelwa nokuthenwa.

Muhle kakhulu ngokukhulisa ifomu lengadi eliphansi I-Aurera (I-Aurera) ngezinaliti zegolide.

Ayan spruce.

I-spruce yaseSerbia, noma i-Balkan spruce (I-Picea omorika) kuyafana ngokubuka okungenhla. Uhlobo luhlukaniswa ngamagatsha aphambukisa phezulu ngokugoba okuphakathi nendawo futhi amahlumela okukhula okusha okulenga ngendlela yothango, okunika okwangempela ukubukeka kwesihlahla. Ngokukhula ezindaweni ezincane kunezindlela eziphansi zokuhlobisa: Gnome (Gnom) 1.5 m ukuphakama, Nana (Nana) kufika ku-3 m ukuphakama.

I-spruce yaseSerbia, noma i-Balkan spruce.

INorway spruce, noma i-spruce yaseYurophu (Picea abies) Lolu hlobo lwe-spruce luvame ukutholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Lesi sihlahla simelana nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, sibekezelela umthunzi, kuze kufike ku-50 m ukuphakama, ngokukhula minyaka yonke okufika ku-50 cm. Sifinyelela usayizi waso omkhulu ngeminyaka engu-150. Ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-250.

Umqhele wesigaxa se-European spruce esimise okwenziwe ngokugqagqana ngokunwebeka ngamagatsha we-lateral, avele kancane emaphethelweni. Izinaliti ziyi-tetrahedral, icwebezelwe, iluhlaza okomnyama, ibude obu-1-2 cm. Ukusukela eminyakeni eyi-15-25 ubudala, amagatsha ahlotshiswe ngezigaxa ezinsundu ezikhanyayo, afinyelela ku-15 cm. Prefers umswakama omanzi, awubekezeleli zombili ukunganyuki kwamanzi nenhlabathi eyomile.

Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ze-spruce zaseYurophu zinhle kakhulu. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile sezihlahla ziyahluka: mncane Icwebile (ICompacta), lapho amahlumela amancane akhulayo wokumboza amboze amagatsha athe tyaba; ngamagatsha aqothulayo - ekhala Kuphambene (Inversa), ukukhula okungadluli kumamitha ayi-8; ngamagatsha angaphezulu - ikholomu Columnaris (Columnaris), ifinyelela kubude obuyi-15 m ngesilinganiso sobude obuyi-1.5 m; slim - I-Elegans (I-Elegans), ukuphakama kwako okungwedluli ku-4 m.

Kukhona futhi amafomu amancane, aminyene, oyisisekelo sokuzibophelela akhula ngobubanzi, njenge UGregoriana (UGregoryana) kanye Nana (Nana), kubukeka njengesidleke esikhulu wasp nest 2 m ububanzi I-Clan yethubriliana (I-Clan -onzeBell); ukuhlobisa igquma le-alpine isihlahla esikhula kancane esikhula kancane esifinyelela ku-20 × 40 cm I-Echiniformis (I-Echiniformis).

Kubalandeli bokukhula okungajwayelekile kombala kufanelekile: Aurea (Aurea) ngegolide noma I-Argentina (I-Argentina) ngezinaliti zesiliva.

INorway spruce, noma i-spruce yaseYurophu.

ECanada, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe qwa (I-Picea glauca), enye yezinhlobo zobusika eziqinile kunazo zonke, ezikhula ngokushesha (amafomu ezinhlobo ezisukela eminyakeni engama-8-10 ubudala) futhi ziyekela emhlabathini. Izinhlobo ziyakhula eNyakatho Melika (zisuka eLabrador ziye e-Alaska), lapho zifinyelela kumamitha angama-35. Esiqeshini saseMoscow, isihlahla esineminyaka engama-30 ubudala sinez ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-5.5 nesigamu sesigamu esingamasentimitha ayi-14. Umqhele mncane, umucu, amagatsha aqondiswa kuqala ngokungaphezulu, futhi iminyaka yehla. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zimfushane (kufinyelela ku-1.5 cm), izigaxa zinombala onsundu, ubude be-3-5 cm. Izithelo ezicishe zifane minyaka yonke.

Ngokukhula, kunezindlela zokuhlobisa ngesakhiwo somuthi sokuqala, okwahlukahluka kakhulu: isiqhwaga esikhula ngokushesha Albertina (I-Albertiana); pyramidal emincane I-Fastigitata (I-Fastigitata) ngezinaliti ezinde (kufika ku-2.4 cm); ngomqhele wobume be-cylindrical Alberta Gpobe (Alberta Clobe); ngamagatsha aqothulayo, amagxolo abomvu nezinaliti zokukhala ezimhlophe IPendula (IPendula).

Abalandeli bezitshalo ezincane ezikhulayo bazoba nentshisekelo kuzo: ukukhula kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60 kuye kuma-4 m Konika (Conica); 1-2 m ukuphakama Nana (Nana), lapho ineminyaka engama-30 ikhula ibe ngu-0.5 m ngesilinganiso esingu-1 m esinenalithi eluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza obukhombisa I-Echiniformis (I-Echiniformis).

I-spruce enhle kakhulu yaseCanada enezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Cerulea (Coerulea), empeleni kubukeka ngphuzi lwegolide Aurea (Aurea).

Grey Spruce, noma White Spruce, noma iCanada Spruce.

I-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Picea pungens) I-Synonym - uPrickly Spruce. Ebusika-okuqinile, okunomoya futhi kungavimbi isomiso, okungcono kunezinye izinhlobo zegesi kuvumela umoya wasemadolobheni, lolu hlobo lwe-spruce lunendlela ende yokuphila (cishe iminyaka engama-500). Lesi siqhingi esikhulu, esimbekayo nesimnandi sisuka esifundeni sezintaba saseNyakatho Melika, sikhula size sifike kumamitha angama-40, sinomqhele obunjiwe, kanye nezinaliti ezinde (kufika ku-3 cm). Amaconsi amancane ansundu (afinyelela ku-3 cm) avuthwa ngoSepthemba futhi ahlobise isihlahla kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.

Ngezindlela ezihlukile zegadi, izinaliti zingaba ophuzi, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, mpunga, futhi zicishe zibe mhlophe. Umbala wayo uncike ekujukeni kwenhlanganisela ye-wax kwizinaliti ezincane. Ngobusika, i-plaque iyanyamalala kancane kancane umqhele ube luhlaza omnyama.

Umbono ucebile ngemihlobiso yemisayipheli yokuhlobisa yokukhula. Okuhle: Ikholamu enamagatsha amafushane I-Fastigata (I-Fastigata); umqhele ophansi omqhele Icwebile (I-Сompacta); ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okhalayo Bonfire (Kopa), okuthi ekuphakameni kwe-10-15 m ibe nomqhele onesilinganiso esingu-4-5 m; 1 m ukuphakama ngobubanzi obuyi-1.5 m IGlauca Globosa (Glauca globosa) Phakathi kwezihlahla zikaKhisimusi ezimibalabala kukhona okuluhlaza okotshani I-Atviridis (I-Atviridis); aluhlaza okotshani Glauka (IGlauca); ngombala omhlophe IsiTserulia (Coerulea); mhlophe ophuzi I-Flavescence (I-Flavescens); ngezinaliti eziphuzi unyaka wonke I-Lutescens (I-Lutescens).

I-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma i-prruly spruce.

Iseluleko esiwusizo: Ukuze isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sikhule kangcono, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukususa ama-buds akhiwe ekugcineni kwamahlumela.

I-spruce yaseSiberia (Picea obovata) ikhula enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia iye e-Kamchatka naseManchuria. Uzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezinzima zenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe lethu. I-Hardy kanzima kakhulu, engakhethi ukuzala komswakama nenhlabathi, ibekezelela umthunzi. Ikhula ibe ngu-30 m (eneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala, ukuphakama okungamamitha ama-4), umqhele unezinaliti ezimise okotshani obumnyama obumnyama, ubude obu-1-2 cm, ama-cone angama-6-7 cm, acwebezelayo, aminyene, abomvu ansundu.

Izinhlobo zezindlela zokuhlobisa zalesi zinhlobo ze-spruce, ezikhula ngokushesha zithakazelisa kakhulu ngokutshala ingadi yama-amateur Glauka (IGlauca) ngezinaliti ezimhlophe zesiliva. Le spruce isatshalaliswa kahle imbewu.

I-spruce yaseSiberia.

I-Tien Shan spruce, noma I-Tianshan spruce (I-Picea schrenkiana subsp. tianschanica), okubhalwe phansi kwe-spruce kaSchrenk (I-Picea schrenkiana), odabuka eChina. Umuthi omuhle kakhulu onobude obungu-45 m unesithsaba esincane. Imikhawulo yamagatsha iyabanda, inenalidi eluhlaza okotshani obude bude (kufika ku-4 cm) nezinaliti ezinkulu ezincanyana ezifika ku-12 cm. Imelana neqhwa, ifunwa umswakama komoya nenhlabathi, i-Photophilous. Ukwakheka kwaso kuhle kakhulu I-Globalbose (I-Globalbosa) kufika ku-1,8 m ubukhulu.

I-Tien Shan i-spruce, imininingwane engaphansi kweSchrenka spruce.

I-Engelman spruce(Picea engelmannii), futhi namagatsha aqeshayo, lapho i-cherry, bese kukhanya izigaxa ezinsundu kuqala. Izinaliti ziluhlaza grey, ezingaba ngu-3 cm ubude, i-cone igcwele. Ikhula ifike kumamitha angama-20. Inobusika obungaqinileki, bunganciphisi ezimeni ezikhulayo.

Phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlobisa zalesi spruce yilezi ezinhle kakhulu ezikhulayo: grey-Blue Glauka Pendula (Glauca pendula), ngomqhele wokulila; mpunga okwesibhakabhaka Glauka (IGlauca); mfishane Microfila (I-Microphilla), kufana nebhola.

I-Engelman spruce.

Ungakhula kanjani i-spruce?

Ukufakelwa. Njengawo wonke amaConifers, izihlahla ze-spruce zitshalwa kangcono kusayithi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa, uma isimo sezulu sishisa, ukufika emhlabeni kungenzeka ngemuva kuka-Agasti 20 kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. ISpruce itshalwe ibanga elingama-2-3 m emigodini engama-50-70 cm ukujula.Khipha isitini esaphukile enobukhulu obuyi-15-20 cm kuthululelwa ezansi bese kugcwaliswa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zesakhi somsoco, okuhlanganisa inhlabathi ye-turf, ukuxubana kwamahlamvu, isihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2 : 2: 1: 1. I-100-150 g ye-nitroammophos ifakwa lapho futhi ihlanganiswe kahle. Umuthi uyatshalwa ukuze intamo yempande ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi. Ngokuzayo, bayaqinisekisa ukuthi ayivezwanga futhi ayingcwatshwa ngenxa yokuncipha kwenhlabathi.

Ngemuva kokutshala, kwenziwa umgodi, uniselwe futhi umbozwe nge-peat nge-cm engu-6-7 cm.

I-spruce yaseSerbia, noma i-Balkan spruce.

Iseluleko esiwusizo: Uma uthenge amaConifers ebhodweni noma kwesinye isitsha, bese usifaka endaweni ejulile lapho ikhula khona.

INovosovki ayibekezeleli kahle inhlabathi eyomile nomoya, ngakho-ke esimweni sezulu esishisayo badinga ukunisela njalo ngeviki (amalitha ayi-10-12 wamanzi ngesitshalo ngasinye) nokufafazwa komqhele. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi eyindilinga esiseduzane iyakhululwa, ukhula luyadayidwa luhlanganiswe ngo-Peat.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu nokunisela. Akudingekile ukondla i-spruce, kepha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela aqale ukukhula) kuyasiza ukufaka i-100-120 g yomanyolo womhlaba wonke emjikelezweni we-trunk. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-spruce azibekezeleli ukoma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi futhi zidinga ukuniselwa lapho kushisa kakhulu.

Izihlahla ezithambile. Uma ama-spruces atshalwe njengama-hedge, lapho-ke adinga ukwakheka okukhethekile. Umphumela odongeni oluhlaza ongenakufinyeleleka utholakala ngokutshala. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kuphela amagatsha omile, aphukile noma onesifo asuswa ezihlahleni, ngoba ukwakheka komqhele kwenzeka ngempumelelo ngokwemvelo. Uma izihloko ezimbili ziqala ukukhula ngasikhathi sinye, enye yazo kufanele isuswe ngokusika ezansi.

Ukulungiselela ubusika. Izihlahla ezincane zikaKhisimusi, ezisanda kutshalwa kanye nezindlela ezithile zokuhlobisa zidinga ukuvikelwa ekushisweni yilanga, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekupheleni sekwindla ekwindla. Ngaphansi kwezitshalo ezinjalo, inhlabathi ihlanganiswa nge-peat, kanti izinaliti zimbozwa ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, amagatsha e-spruce noma iphepha le-kraft.

Ukusakazeka kwe-Spruce. Izinhlobo zemithi yefir zivame ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kuyilapho amafomu engadi adalwe abafuyi bezitshalwa kusuka kokusikwa noma ngokuxhunyelelwa, ngoba ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwembewu abaningi babo balahlekelwa izimfanelo zabo zokuhlobisa.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-spruce nge-grey, futhi neCanada Spruce, White Spruce.

Khula isihlahla sikaKhisimusi kusuka ku-nati

Izigaxa ze-Fir zivuthwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kepha zivame ukuvunwa ukuze zikhiqizwe ekwindla sekwephuzile. Amantongomane (imbewu) aqhamuka ezinhlangothini, agcinwe endaweni eyomile futhi epholile, athathwa izinyanga ezingama-2 2 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa bese efakwa emgqeni wokuthambisa igobolondo futhi andise ukuhluma. Okokuqala, imbewu icwilisa imizuzu engama-30 ngesixazululo esingu-0,5% se-potanganum permanganate, bese ihlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese inyoselwa usuku lokuvuvukala. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe emasakeni we-kapron ngesihlabathi esimanzi bese sigcinwa kuze kube yilapho sihlwanyela inqwaba yeqhwa noma esiqandisini.

Ukuhlwanyelwa eyishumi yesibili Ephreli endaweni abamba ukushisa. I-Sawdust ithululelwa emhlabathini onesihlabathi esikhululekile, ungqimba lubekwa phezu kwawo bese lufafazwa nge-sawdust entsha eyenziwe nge-cm 1-1.5. Ngemuva kwalokho, lo greenhouse uyaniselwa kakhulu futhi umbozwe ifilimu noma ozimele.

Ungahlwanyela imbewu ye-spruce entwasahlobo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Lapho-ke indawo yokuhlwanyelwa imbozwe ungqimba lwezinduku ukuze umoya nemvula zingavimbi bese kususa ukhuni. Ukuvikela elangeni eliqondile, indwangu engeyona eyalukiwe noma indwangu yekotoni idonswa phezulu. Maphakathi no-Agasti, ozimele abavela kubhavu oshisayo nezinto zokumboza bayasuswa; eduze nobusika, izitshalo zimbozwe ngamaqabunga owomile.

Lapho kukhula izithombo, inhlabathi igcinwa isesimweni esilinganiselwe semanzi. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, imvamisa nevolumu yokunisela kuyanda. Ukuze kungabikho ukumelana ngokweqile, okungadala ukubola kwembewu, izingadi zokugcina izithombo noma izindawo zokukhosela umoya umoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Ehlobo, izithombo zondliwa kathathu nge-0,1% hydropone solution noma i-mullein ihlanjululwe ngamanzi 1: 5, kuhlanganisa ukugqokwa phezulu nokunisela.

Ungahlwanyela imbewu yefir emabhokisini lapho khona izithombo zishiywe iminyaka engama-2-3, ngenkathi wenza imigomo engenhla yezithombo.

Akunandaba nendawo okulinywe kuyo, ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3, izithombo esezikhulile zitshalwa entwasahlobo, zibeka emva kuka-30-50 cm. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, izimpande ezonakele nezinde kakhulu ziyathululwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, akufanele zanyakaziswa ukuze kulondolozwe i-mycorrhiza ekhona ezimpandeni, okudingekayo ekukhuleni okuhle kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kweConifers. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ucwilisa uhlelo lwezimpande lube ngesigaxa esisuka enhlabathini yengadi kanye nama-humus ngesilinganiso 2: 1.

Endaweni entsha, izithombo zikhula ngokwesilinganiso eminye iminyaka eyi-4. Kanye ngesonto baphuziswa ngokukhishwa kwenhlabathi okwalandela, kukhula ukhula, kufakwe umanyolo we-organic noma wamaminerali. Zondliwa ngonyaka wesibili emva kokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso). Ingxube ka-500 g yomquba, i-25 g ye-superphosphate, i-10 g ye-potrateum nitrate ingezwa nge-1 m2 yemibhede. Umanyolo usakazeke ngokulinganayo emhlabathini, uvalwe nge-chopper ekujuleni kwe-10 cm futhi uyophuziswa.

Izihlahla zemisipres ezineminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala ezikhulelwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zitshalwa endaweni ehlala entwasahlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala. Ngenxa yendawo engashoni yohlelo lwezimpande kokufakelwa, imvamisa iphendula kahle.

Igatsha laseSith spruce.

Khula isihlahla sikaKhisimusi kusuka kwihlumela

Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zezihlahla zemisayipsi, njengamanye ama-conifers amaningi, zisakazwa ukusikwa kwesiqu. Sika kubo ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (ukusika okunjalo kwentwasahlobo kumila ngonyaka wokutshala); ngoJuni, lapho amahlumela akhula ngokunamandla (ukusikwa kukaJuni ukusikwa kwe-callus ngonyaka wokuqala bese kumila ngonyaka wesibili); ngo-Agasti, lapho ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyeka kanye nokuqhakaza kwamahlumela kuqala (ukusika okunjalo kukhetheka kakhulu kwezihlahla zefire); ngoSepthemba - Novemba (ukusikwa kwezimbali, noma ukusika kwasebusika). Intwasahlobo nehlobo zitshalwa ngokushesha, bese zibekwa izimbali kuze kube sekutshaleni kwentwasahlobo zigcinwa endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa ayi-1-5 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu.

Izithombo ezivela ezitshalweni ezincane ezineminyaka engu-4-8 ubudala zinezimpande ezinhle kakhulu. Kushunqulwa amahlumela wonyaka kuphela. Futhi ngokuphelele, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezinkuni ezineminyaka engu-2 ubudala ezansi. Izinaliti zisuswa engxenyeni engezansi yegatsha kuya ekujuleni kokutshala (2-6 cm). Imvamisa ubude bezinsika ze-spruce buyi-10-25 cm.

Iseluleko esiwusizo: Okokusikwa kwehlobo, kungcono ukusika amahlumela ekuseni, lapho izicubu zezitshalo ziqukethe umswakama omkhulu. Uma isimo sezulu sinamafu, ukusika kungenziwa phakathi nosuku. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokusika amagatsha, kudingeka uwafake ku-moss oswakanyisiwe noma umgqakazo, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele kwenziwe izinto zokuhamba.

Ukuze usikwe, amahlumela aqhamuka engxenyeni engenhla yomqhele asetshenziswa, ngoba ukunqunywa phakathi noma ngaphansi kungagcina kunikeze umqhele ohlangothini olulodwa noma olungafanele ngegobolondo eligobile, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, alinampande kahle.

Izilimo zitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Kungcono uma kufudunyezwa ngesitshalo esinezinkungu, kepha kukhona ezimbalwa kuzo emakhethweni ehlobo, ngakho-ke sizomisa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ebandayo engakheka wonke umlimi angayakha. Ukufakwa kwamatshe amatshe amancane noma amatshe amatshe kubekwa ngezansi ngesendlalelo esingama-4-5 cm, bese inhlabathi enosawoti ithululelwa ungqimba lwe-10-12 cm, bese ihlanza isihlabathi somfula ngesendlalelo esingama-5-6 cm kuwo.imboze ngefilimu ngaphezulu ukuze ibanga esihlabathini lingabe lisaba khona Amasentimitha angama-30. Ukuze umjondolo, i-burlap ibekwe phezulu kwifilimu. Ku-greenhouse, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kufanele libe ngu-21-27 ° C, futhi umoya kufanele ube ngaphansi kwama-5-7 °. Kulokhu, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukufudumeza okwengeziwe kwe-substrate yenhlabathi kuyadingeka.

Ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla ezisikiwe ubude, zifakwa kumuntu ngosuku ukuthola isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate noma kunoma yisiphi isivuseleli sokukhulisa izimpande esijulisiwe (isibonelo, izimpande). Ukutshalwe esihlabathini ngokungacabangi ebangeni lama-30 degrees kuya ekujuleni kuka-2-6 cm, kubeka ngezikhathi ezi-10 cm, futhi ngokushesha wanisela kakhulu.

Kamuva, iyaniselwa entwasahlobo, ifafaza kusuka kumuntu wokunisela ngezimbobo ezincane, kanye ngosuku, ehlobo - kuze kube izikhathi ezine. Ngo-Agasti, lapho izimpande zivela, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube nsuku zonke bese umthunzi ususwa.

Ngemuva kokuqala kokubuna, imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokufafaza okusikiwe ngengxube yezakhi zamaminerali.Ukuyilungisa, i-1 g yamanzi ihlanjululwe nge-8 g ye-ammonium nitrate, 20 g we-superphosphate elula, i-1-2 g ye-magnesium sulfate, 16 g we-potassium nitrate, 30 g we-sucrose, 60 mg we-indolylacetic acid (IAA). Ebusika, ukusika kumbozwe ngotshani noma amaqabunga owomile. Kudluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka olandelayo futhi kukhule ngendlela efanayo nezitshalo zembewu ezineminyaka engu-2-3.

Umuthi kaKhisimusi ogonyiwe

Ngakho-ke i-spruce ayiveliswanga futhi izinhlobo zokuhlobisa kuphela. Izithombo ezineminyaka engu-4-5 ubudala zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zezihlahla zesiphondo ezikhula esifundeni, kanti isiliva, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukhala noma abanye abafana nabo kutshalwe ngezinsika kubo.

Iseluleko esiwusizoUma umuthi wakho we-fir ephukile ihlumela le-axial, lifake endaweni yalapho eliseduze kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka isikhonkwane eduze kwesitshalo, ubophe igatsha elikhethwe ngokuthe njo kuso. Ukuze kungabikho ukweqa eduze, donsela amawele akhula azungeze igatsha komunye nomunye. Susa i-garter ngaphambi konyaka.

Ukuvunwa ngoNovemba (ubusika) ubucwebe bomzimba butholakala kusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noJuni; unqunywe entwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuhluma) - ukusuka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi.

ISpruce (namanye amaConifers) kuvame ukutshalwa ngokugcwalisa, kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlanganayo ezenziwe ngommese wokuhlanganisa esiqwini sesithombo (isiphunzi sesipande) nakuma-cuttings (ngokuxhunyelelwa). Kuhle futhi ukukopisha ukulingisa okuthuthukile, lapho kwenzeka khona ukuvela okungaphezulu kwengxenye yesithathu ephezulu yesitoko nangokwesithathu kwes scion. I-spikes ephumela lapho kugoqwa izingcezu ingena ngakunye futhi ibambe is scion esitokisini ngokuqinile.

Sebenzisa i-inoculation ye-butt yezinkuni ku-cambium. Ngale ndlela, amagatsha nezinaliti ezisuswayo zisuswa esiqwini esinde sika-8-10 cm, kushiya kuphela izinso zepical. Isilayi senziwa ukuze kutholakale umshanguzo ohlangothini olulodwa. Esiqwini sesipande, cm cm ngaphansi kwe-apical bud, qala ususe izinaliti, bese ususa isendlalelo esincane ngokulingana nokusika kwesibambo. Xhuma zombili izingxenye.

Lapho ugonyiwe, amabhulukwe e-cambium ku-cambium esitokisini (ngaphansi kwe-apical bud noma ngaphansi kwesifuzo sonyaka) asika amagxolo endaweni yecambial. Ukusikwa kwegxolo kusibambo kwenziwa ngobude obufanayo futhi kuhlanganiswe zombili izingxenye.

Iseluleko esiwusizo: Lapho ukhula isitshalo esixhunyiwe, ungakhohlwa ukuthi sidinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Ukhula njalo, ukusula, ukuchelela kanye nokufafaza, ukufaka umbuthano wesiyingi nge-peat noma ngomquba (4-6 kg / m2) kubaluleke kakhulu ezihlahleni zikaKhisimusi ezinjalo.

Ukugoma kuboshwe ngethayile epulasitiki oyinyumba (okokuqala ngezijiko ezingavamile, bese kuba nesendlalelo esiqhubekayo) futhi embozwe nge-var var yengadi.

Ngemuva kokuphrinta, imichilo iyakhululwa noma isuswe ngokuphelele futhi okuxhunyekiwe kuhlanganisiwe.

Ngonyaka wesibili, amagatsha wesipande ashunqulwa ngomunye wesithathu esihlahleni sikaKhisimusi esixhunyiwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye phezulu ngenhla kwesibambo. Ngonyaka we-3-4, amagatsha asezimpande ancishiswa ngokuqinile, futhi ngonyaka we-4-5, asikwa ayindandatho.

Ngonyaka wokuqala, amahlumela ama-1 kuya ku-4 cm angama-1-5 ubude akhiwa e-scion, futhi emva kweminyaka eyi-6 isitshalo esixhunyiwe singatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.

INorway spruce, noma i-spruce yaseYurophu.

Ukuvikelwa kobuhle

Ukuphuzi ngezinaliti zikaphayini kungabangelwa ukuvela kwenkathazo emagatsheni awo - i-spruce-fir hermes. Amakoloni ayo, afana noboya bekotolo elimhlophe, imvamisa atholakala engaphansi kwezinaliti. Ukuqeda lesi sinambuzane, kuyadingeka ngo-Ephreli ukufafaza amagatsha ngesixazululo esisebenzayo sokulungiselela kuka-anti noma uphondo (20 g nge-10 l lamanzi).

Uma amahlumela amasha ebukeka sengathi ashisiwe, khona-ke ngempela i-spruce sawfly ihlala esihlahleni. Lapho kuvela amacimbi awo, phatha amagatsha ngeFufanon (20 ml ngama-10 l amanzi).

Ukuvela kwamabala ansundu ezinalwaneni ngenalithi eliphuzi noma ngokuxebuka okwedlule kuwuphawu lwalesi sifo, olubizwa ngokuthi "shute ezejwayelekile." Ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, entwasahlobo nakuJulayi-Septhemba, fafaza isihlahla sikaKhisimusi ngesibabule se-colloidal (200 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), noma i-kineb (50-100 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi), noma uketshezi lweBordeaux (100 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).

Amagatsha aphathwa ngemithi efanayo yokugqwala (amabala e-orange ezinalwaneni, ukuvuvukala amahlumela). Ngokukhula okuqinile kwalesi sifo, amagatsha athintekile kumele asikwe noma aze asuswe ukuze kumiswe ukutheleleka kwabanye abahlali bengadi.

Umbhali: UTatyana Dyakova, Ozokhethwa Kwisayensi Yezolimo