I-Jasmine gardenia yaziwa nangokuthi yi-gardenia ejwayelekile noma i-jasmine cape. Yisitshalo esihlala siqhakaza esiqhamuka emndenini weMarenova. Yaqala ukuvela e-Asia kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaqala ukubonakala kaningi ezindaweni eziseVietnam, eSouth China, eTaiwan, eJapan, eMyanmar naseNdiya. Ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo amahle aluhlaza nembali emhlophe enamakha, ingadi yejasmine idume kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo zasengadini, futhi ingesinye sezitshalo ezithandwayo zasendlini ezifundeni ezishisayo. Ikhule eChina iminyaka engaba yinkulungwane, kuze kuthi ngekhulu le-18 yathunyelwa e-UK yabe isakazeka lapho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo eziningi zavinjwa ngokukhethekile ukulima - ngokulima okuphansi, kanye nezindlela eziningi ezinkulu nezimbali ezinde.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, izimbali zegadi ezinomumo wejasmine zachazwa yisazi sezitshalo saseNgilandi uJohn Ellis emuva maphakathi nekhulu le-18, cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba imbali ithunyelwe eNgilandi. Lathola igama laso ngenxa yokuhlangana nesithombe esidwetshiwe somdwebi, kanye nomculi wezimbali wesikhashana, uGeorge Dionysius Eret. Uveze imbali eyenza ukuthi wonke umuntu azihlanganise nale mbali. Ngakho-ke kancane kancane igama laqala futhi laba igama laso lesayensi. Phambilini, igama elithi Cape Jasmine lisuselwa kwinguqulo yokuthi i-gardenia jasmine yavela endaweni yeCape Good Hope.
Esithombeni - jasmine gardenia:
Ubufakazi bokukhula kwezimbali ze-jasmine engadi e-China ziqalele kwi-Song Dynasty, lapho kwakukhonjiswa khona bobunjwa bezimbali zasendle futhi eziphindwe kabili emidwebeni yi-Emperor Hu Zong, umdwebi uXu Xi. Ngesikhathi soYuan Dynasty, imbali ibonakala kwimikhiqizo eveziwe, ngesikhathi se-Ming Dynasty - e-china. AbakwaGardenias babonwa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane eGuangzhou ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 yisikhulu saseNgilandi uSir John Barrow. Ngaleso sikhathi, yahanjiswa okokuqala eNgilandi nguJames Gordon futhi yathengiswa kahle ngokuzayo. E-United States, yahlakulwa okokuqala eCharleston e-Alexander Garden.
Izimbali ze-Jasmine engadi: isithombe nencazelo
Lesi isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esingamamitha amane ubude sinamaqabunga aluhlaza omnyama onombala ocwebezelayo, futhi onesikhumba. Iqhakaza maphakathi nentwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo kuqala Idume kakhulu ngenxa yezimbali zayo ezimhlophe qhwa, elimnandi (zivame ukukhula ngesimo sezimbali eziphindwe kabili). By the way, ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuqhakaza, basikhumbuza kakhulu i-rose.
Bheka isithombe se-jasmine gardenia ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula:
Izithelo ze-jasmine engadi zisetshenziswa njengodayi wemvelo wezingubo nokudla. EPolynesia, lezi zimbali ezinamakha zisetshenziselwa imigexo yazo yezimbali. E-China, i-gardenia isetshenziswa ngokwemithi yomdabu waseChina ukuphatha ukuhlukunyezwa kwezitho.
Nakekela ingadi ye-jasmine ekhaya
Ngenkathi igcina isimo sezulu esifanele, izimbali ze-jasmine ze-engadiya zingatshalwa unyaka nonyaka. Zingakhula zombili emthunzini oyingxenye naselangeni (kodwa nokho awukwazi ukuligcina ngokuphelele elangeni, kuphela ngokwengxenye). Lapho uhlela ukunakekelwa kwe-jasmine engadi ekhaya, ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi.
Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi ene-acid enomswakama ophezulu kanye nezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Inhlabathi kumele ihlanzwe kahle. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezihlahlana ezicishe zifane nezimpahla zazo, kanti ezinye zidala izinkinga eziningi - zitholakala ezinambuzaneni eziningi eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezincelayo. Isibonelo, izimbali ze-engadini ezakhiwe njengamajasmine zingabonakala efwini lezimhlophe ezimhlophe, ezibeka amaqanda alo kuso, kamuva esiphenduka izibungu.
Inkinga yesibili ejwayelekile yizikelemu, ngoba ingasaphathwa kalula ngokusebenzisa insipho enobungozi yemvelo noma uwoyela okhethekile wasengadini. Uma kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa esinzima, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibekwe egumbini elifudumele futhi livikeleke ngokufanele eziqandeni.
Beka imbali emthunzini noma engxenyeni ethile ehlobo, ukuze izimbali zikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ezinye zezimbali zegadi yejasmine zidinga ukukhanya okugcwele ukuze kudalulwe ngokuphelele. Ezinye ziqhakaza ngokujwayelekile emthunzini oyingxenye, futhi zize zikhiqize izitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani nezithelo ezinhle kakhulu. Imvamisa, izinhlangothi ezingena ilanga endlini ziba amafasitela aseningizimu nasentshonalanga. Abalimi bavumela imbali ukuba elangeni amahora ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu ngosuku olunelanga. Kodwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akuyona ingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi kuleso sitshalo, esimweni esinjalo sincoma ukuthi ulibeka emthunzini oyingxenye isikhathi esingamahora amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-jasmine gardenia, thola igama lezindawo ezazibhalisiwe kanye nemibandela yokulinyelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ngoba lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwayo okuhle kwesikhathi esizayo.
Ungashisekeli lapho unakekela i-jasmine engadini ekhaya enomswakama, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela (cishe amasentimitha amathathu omswakama ngeviki) nokufafaza ehlobo kufanelekile impela. Faka futhi amagama ku-4-5 amasentimitha we-organis mulch, esiza ukugcina umswakama, wehlisa isidingo sokhula, futhi usize ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi elihlala likhona. Kufanele ukhumbule ukunisela nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokukhula, kanye nokufaka umanyolo.
Izihlahla zidinga ukwenziwa kabusha okungenani kanye eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. Ngemuva kokubheka inhlabathi, unganquma izinga elikhona lezakhi zomzimba ezikuwo. Uma inhlabathi inokuqukethwe okuphansi, lapho-ke ungadinga ithuluzi elikhethekile, hhayi elivelanayo. Umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen kuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza. Inani elikhulu le-nitrogen emhlabathini liyasiza ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo ngokwandisa imbali yezimbali. Ukugwema izinkinga ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi, abatshali abanolwazi bancoma ukuqala kokufaka umanyolo ekugcineni kwenkathi yokukhula.
Jasmine engadini ukufakelwa
Lapho ufaka i-jasmine gardenia, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho ucubungula impande, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuyonakalisa. Umanyolo ngesikhathi sokufakelwa izimbali ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli kumele usetshenziswe kusuka maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi.
Kungcono ukufushanisa nengadi ye-jasmine ngemuva kokuthi iyeke ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sizobe siphumule, iziqu zizokwazi ukuphulukisa kangcono amanxeba abo ngenxa yokuthi imbali ayikhuli. Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi ukujabulela izimbali zonyaka olandelayo. Lapho uthamba, kufanele ushiye amaqabunga ukuthi isitshalo singanikeza ukudla kohlelo lwezimpande. Inqubo efanayo ivumela isihlahla ukuba sikhule futhi siwenze ukhululeke ngokwengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Kunezindlela eziningi zokunquma imbali:
- ukubopha. Iziqu zezitshalo ezincane zisuswa egatsheni. Izenzo ezinjalo zingakugwema ukuthungwa okunzima kakhulu ngokuzayo;
- ukuthamba. Ukususwa kwezinqubo zesigxobo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngenhloso yokwambula ngaphakathi kwesihlahla ukuze kutholwe ukukhanya okwengeziwe futhi kwandise ukuhamba kwe-air, okunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okugula;
- ukugunda izinwele. Isiza ukukala indawo yezihlahla usebenzisa isikhafu esijwayelekile noma sikagesi. Le nqubo yenziwa ukuze kulondolozwe ukwakheka kwembali;
- ukuvuselelwa. Ukususa amagatsha amadala noma ukuxhumana kunciphisa usayizi wesihlahla ukuze ubuyisele ubunjalo bawo bokuqala nobukhulu. Kunconywe ukuthi kususwe okungaphezulu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezimbali ngesikhathi, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi kubalulekile ukususa amagatsha kusuka ngaphakathi kuye ngaphandle. Lapho uvuselela isitshalo ngamacanse, bese unciphisa ukuphakama okuhlukile - ngale ndlela, isihlahla sizobukeka simvelo ngokwengeziwe.
Ukufakwa kwe-jasmine engadi kwenziwa ngokukhulu ukucophelela, ngoba izimpande zingalimala kalula. Isikhathi esihle sonyaka phakathi maphakathi nentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo lokuqala. Imbali inephunga eliqine kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukuyibeka egumbini elinokujikeleza komoya okuhle, okuzovumela iphunga lisabalale endaweni enkulu (kulokhu, iphunga ngeke libe bukhali). Lapho utshala, gcina ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-40 phakathi kwamahlumela.
Inhlabathi yokutshala i-jasmine kufanele ithuthukiswe, i-acidic, igcinwe kahle umswakama futhi ikhishwe ngokuphelele. Thenga noma usebenzise inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ephethe okuqukethwe kwe-pH okuphezulu kakhulu; i-peat kanye nomquba kumele futhi kufakwe emhlabathini. Ukulima kungalimaza izimpande ezincane, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise amasentimitha angama-2-3 ama-chip, amagxolo omhlabathi noma sawdust, ozogcina umhlabathi umanzi futhi upholile futhi uqeda nokhula. I-Gardenia ayibekezeleli inhlabathi ye-alkaline, ngakho-ke uma inhlabathi yezimbali ingekho acidic ngokwanele, khona-ke kungavela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene nayo.
Sinikeza izithombe ze-jasmine gardenia:
Ukusakazwa kwegadiya ngembewu kaJasmine
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusakaza isitshalo:
- gobela phansi isiqu esingaphansi futhi esiguquguqukayo;
- ukusika kwamahlumela aluhlaza;
- engadini yejasmine.
I-Jasmine gardenia ingatholakala hhayi ngokusikwa noma ngokufakelwa, nayo ingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni.
Phansi kwembiza (mhlawumbe kubanzi) faka i-drainage enhle (cishe i-1/3 yethangi lonke), bese uyigcwalisa ngomhlabathi bese usakaza imbewu. Cwilisa imbewu bese uwafafaza ngomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho fafanisa kahle inhlabathi kanye nembewu ngokuhambisana namanzi athambile usebenzisa ibhodlela lokufafaza. Ngemuva kwalokho ungafudumeza imbiza ngesikhwama sepulasitiki bese usibeka endaweni efudumele ehlobo, isibonelo, ewindini laseningizimu. Ukuphuma kwelanga kokuqala kokushisa okungama-25 ° C kuzovela ngezinsuku ezingama-25-30. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele zibekwe kude nokukhanya kwelanga bese ziqhubeka nokukhula ebhodweni. Lapho amahlumela ekhula, ngamunye wawo angadluliselwa esitsheni esihlukile esinomgodi wokukhipha. Amahlumela amancane kakhulu engadi kumele aniselwe futhi afafazwe isikhathi sonke kuze kube lapho eqina. Lapho bekhula amanye amasentimitha amabili, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubadlulisele ebhodweni elisha (kufanele libe likhulu kunangaphambili). Kulesi sigaba, kufanelekile ukuqala kokufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo.
Kungani ingadi jasmine iphuzi
Emagqabini we-jasmine engadi aphenduka aphuzi (isifo esifanayo sibizwa nangokuthi i-chlorosis) uma inhlabathi ine-alkaline, ungayiphatha nge-iron ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi. Ukwelapha le nkinga, kufanelekile ukwengeza inhlabathi futhi ugcine umswakama womhlabathi usezingeni elifanele. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi akekho ngoba kungani i-jasmine gardenia iphuzi. Kepha imisebenzi elandelayo iyenziwa:
- hlikihla isitshalo sonke ngekhambi lensipho ewuketshezi yasendlini;
- phatha nge-ejenti yokubulala izinambuzane;
- thela isigaxa sobumba ngamanzi nejusi yengxenye yelayisi ehlanganiswe kuyo nge-litre eyodwa yamanzi.
Futhi, izizathu zingaba ukuntuleka kwensimbi enhlabathini namanzi amaningi kakhulu.
Ama-Jasmine gardenias awatheleleki ezifweni eziningi, yize izinambuzane eziningi ezincelayo zihlala zibahlasela. Ama-aphid, izibungu, izimbuzane zesicabucabu kanye namhlopheflies zingalimaza indawo yamaqabunga kanye umpe ocekeceke.
I-Carbon isikhunta isikhunta esikhula bese emva kwalokho emaqabunga amaqabunga e-jiaine jasmine aphenduka abe mnyama. Futhi, le nqubo ingahlotshaniswa nokujikeleza komoya okungahambi kahle noma ukushoda kwelanga. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo ukugeza ishidi ngalinye ngensipho ekhethekile ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensipho yokubulala izinambuzane ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi kuzolawula ukwanda kwezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Emaqabunga engadi yejasmine angawa ngenxa yomswakama ophansi, ukuthambisa ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kokukhanya noma izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu.
