IHeliconia (Heliconia) - isitshalo esimangalisayo esimibalabala somndeni wegama elifanayo. Indawo yayo yemvelo iyindawo ezishisayo ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu Melika Melika, eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kunombono wokuthi lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngegama leNtaba iHelikon, lapho, ngokwezinganekwane zamaGreek, kwakukhona khona izimbaza ezinhle.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IHeliconia iyi-herbaceous hernace eyindilinga engamamitha ayi-3 ne-pseudostem enamandla aqukethe amaqabunga obukhulu, endawo yelesi esidala sangasese. Ngokwesimo sazo, indawo kanye nomgomo wokuhleleka, amaqabunga e-heliconia afana namaqabunga obhanana. Umehluko usekuhlelweni lwabo lwemigqa emibili kusiqu.
IHeliconia ikhula ngokushesha ngokwanele, futhi iqhume ngonyaka wesibili. Kulokhu, kwakhiwa i-inflorescence engxenyeni ngayinye yempande ethwala isiqu namaqabunga. E-heliconia, isikhathi sangaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali siyingqayizivele. Izimbali uqobo zihambisana nokukhula okubukhali futhi okusebenzayo kwesiqu, kufinyezwe esigabeni sezimbali. Leli hlumela, njengokungathi livuka, liphuka ngokushesha engxenyeni engaphakathi yomsele wesitho sangasese sowesifazane bese liletha ebusweni isimo esihle esihle, esingajwayelekile, sokuqothuka noma i-inflorescence emile. Kwakhiwa inqwaba yezimbali ezincane, ezifihlwe ngokuphephile ngaphakathi kwamaqabunga, okubizwa ngokuthi amboze. Isitshalo kubukeka sengathi sinamahloni ngokungahloniphi kwabo nokufihla okuthembekile.
Amacembe ambozayo anemibala ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene: obomvu obugqamile, o-orenji, opinki kanye ophuzi. Kwezinye izinhlobo, imiphetho yeqabunga leqabunga lamaqabunga asemboze afakwa ngaphansi komngcele ophuzi noma oluhlaza. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-wax kuyawashiya amaqabunga. Konke lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhlobisa kwamaqabunga ambozayo. Ngamaqabunga la amaningi athatha imbali.
Isakhiwo sokuqala sama-inflorescences kanye nokufana kwangaphandle kwesiqu namaqabunga e-heliconium ngezilwane ezithile nezitshalo, isibonelo, ubhanana noma i-strlitzia, sasebenza njengomcimbi wemvelaphi yamanye amagama ezimbali: i-parrot beak, ugebhezi lwenyoka, inyoni yamanga yepharadesi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Heliconium ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
IHeliconia, njengezinye izitshalo ezindaweni ezishisayo, ithanda ukukhanya okugqamile kepha okungonakalisi. Isikhathi esifushane, imbali ingaba elangeni eliqondile.
Ukushisa
Ibanga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwezitshalo lisuka kuma-22 liye kuma-26 degrees unyaka wonke. Ebusika, umkhawulo wokushisa ovumelekile akufanele ube ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18. IHeliconia ayithandi umoya omile futhi yesaba ukungalungiswa.
Umswakama womoya
IHeliconia idinga umswakama ophezulu egumbini. Uma umoya osekamelweni womile, khona-ke amaqabunga kufanele afafazwe okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku. Ungasebenzisa i-pallet nge kermazit egcwele amanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi phansi kwembiza akuthinti amanzi. IHeliconia izizwa imnandi kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Ukunisela
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, iHeliconia idinga ukuthambisa okuningi, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi likwoma ebhodweni. Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukomiswa ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi.
Inhlabathi
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi efanelekile yokutshala nokukhula i-heliconia: iqabunga, i-turf, inhlabathi ye-humus nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 1: 1.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba, i-heliconium yondliwa kanye ngenyanga ngamanyolo ayinkimbinkimbi amaminerali. Ebusika, isitshalo asidingi ukuvundiswa.
Ukufakelwa
IHeliconia itshalwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo. Kulokhu, isitsha esisha sikhethwa kakhulu kunesokuqala, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-5 cm. Ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi lubekwa ezansi kwembiza.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Heliconia
IHeliconia ivame ukusakazwa ngembewu, ukuhlukaniswa kobunzima noma ukugoqa.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ye-heliconium ifakwe izinsuku ezingama-3-4 emanzini ashisayo (ama-60-70 degrees) amanzi. Ngalezi zinhloso, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-thermos. Ngemuva kokugcotshwa, ukuhlwanyelwa kuyenziwa. Imbewu ifakwa emabhokisini agcwele inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, ijuliswa ngo-1.5-2 cm. Amabhokisi ambozwe ngezinto ezingangenisi moya, adala izimo zokugcina ukushisa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ithangi lishaywa umoya futhi lithanjiswe ngenhlabathi. Amahlumela azovela zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-4.
Lapho usabalalisa i-heliconia ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome noma i-layering, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo esidala sinempande eyenziwe kahle. Okulandelayo, hlukanisa ngokucophelela inzalo kwifomu lomama futhi uyicwilise ebhodweni elihlukile. Beka imbiza nesitshalo endaweni emnyama, efudumele enomswakama omkhulu.
Ukuqalisa izimpande ngempumelelo kudinga ukuthambisa ngokulingana, futhi emoyeni owomile imbiza enesitshalo imbozwe ngopulasitiki onezimbobo ezincane. Ifilimu lisuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kokukhula (kungakapheli amasonto ayi-1-3). Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaqabunga esitshalo awathinti ubuso befilimu.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
IHeliconia ayiguli kangako, kepha isengozini yokulimala yi-scabies kanye nesibungu sesicabucabu.
Isikhubekiso sidla ujusi wesitshalo, okuholela ekushintsheni kombala wamaqabunga, ukoma kwawo nokubola kancane kancane. Amaqabunga athintekile yi-scabard aphathwa ngesixazululo sensipho, bese ehlanjululwa (1-2 ml nge-1 litre lamanzi) isixazululo se -ellellic.
Ukuvela kwama-cobwebs esitshalweni, amaqabunga aba yinto ebabayo futhi ayawa - ubufakazi bokuhlasela kwe-spider mite. Njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka uma isitshalo sigcinwa egumbini elinomoya omile kakhulu. Kulokhu, imbali igcinwa ngokuyigeza ngensipho nangokuwasha ngaphansi kweshawa efudumele. Ukuze ugweme ukubuyela emuva, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa njalo ngamanzi.
