I-Echinacea (i-Echinacea) ingumhlobiso wezimbali we-herbaceous odala okuvela emndenini wakwa-Astrov, izwe lakubo elibhekwa njengengxenye esempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Uhlobo lunezinhlobo eziyi-9, kepha ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Echinacea "Purple", enezindawo zokwelapha futhi isetshenziswa kubantu kanye nasekwelapheni okusemthethweni. Kunezindlela eziningi zalo nzalo nezinhlobonhlobo ezidumile kusiko. Le yiSonenenach enezimbali ezibomvu ezimnyama, uJulia ngewolintshi, uCleopatra ophuzi ngokugqamile, iMfashini Flute enegolide, i-Cantaloupe ene-pinkish-orange.
Isiko liqukethe ama-rhizomes, iziqu eziphakeme eziqondile ezinendawo engenamawala kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1-1,5 ubude, ama-basal kanye nesiqu amaqabunga wesimo esisetshenzisiwe esinama-denticles eceleni komngcele, ama-inflorescence amakhulu wezimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvana nezibomvu nezithelo - imbewu.
Ukutshala i-echinacea
Ukutshala i-Echinacea nini
Ngokuvamile, ukutshala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba isitshalo siphindaphindeke ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, futhi le nqubo ingenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Indawo yokutshala i-Echinacea kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga phakathi nosuku. Uma kunenhlabathi ene-acidic engadini yezimbali esizayo, kuzodingeka ukuyimba kanye ne-lime. Indawo enhle kakhulu kuzoba yindawo evundile ngemuva kokumba ngokujulile nge-alkaline noma ukungathathi hlangothi inhlabathi yokwakheka. Izinhlabathi ezinesihlabathi esikhanyayo nezindawo ezinomswakama omkhulu ngeke zilingane nesitshalo.
Ungatshala kanjani i-Echinacea
Ukutshala kwezithombo ezincane zezithombo, ukusika izihlahla kanye nezithombo ezithengiwe ezitsheni kunezimpawu zazo. Izithombo zitshalwa ezindaweni zokutshala ezinobukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Ngezansi komgodi kukhona ungqimba oluncane lomquba. Izitshalo zifafazwa ngengxube yenhlabathi futhi ziniselwe kakhulu. Kulungiselelwe umgodi wokujula okungamasentimitha angama-20. Isendlalelo somquba ezansi kanye nokunisela ngemuva kokutshala kuyadingeka futhi. Izithombo ezithengiwe ezitsheni ziyanconywa ukuthi zitshale ngokutshalwa ndawonye ngenhlama yobumba. Emgodini onobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-40, udinga ukuthulula inhlanganisela yenhlabathi yesihlabathi, inhlabathi yengadi nomquba (ngamanani alinganayo) cishe ingxenye yesithathu yomthamo, bese ubeka isithombo lapho. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi wokufika ngomhlaba, nisela i-echinacea.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle kwe-Echinacea
Ukunakekela i-perennial yezezimbali akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nomzamo, kepha kudinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa.
Ukunisela
Izimbali zidinga ukuthambisa kaningi futhi kuningi, okwenza kangcono ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Ukunisela okukodwa ngosuku kuzokwanela.
Ukulawula ukhula
Ukutshala ukhula kubangela ingozi enkulu emasikweni wokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukhula njalo nangesikhathi esifike ngesikhathi. Ukhula kufanele lususwe lapho luqala, lapho lungakaqali ukuthatha izakhi zomzimba ezisebenza nge-echinacea enhlabathini.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izimbali azidingi ukondliwa. Umanyolo kunconywa ukuthi usetshenziswe kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila. Kuyadingeka ukulondolozwa kwezimbali zokugqoka ngaphezulu kokuqala kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemuva kokuqhakaza. Umanyolo ophelele wezilimo ungxube yomlotha wezinkuni nomquba obolile.
Izihlahla
Lapho isikhathi sezimbali siphela, imbewu iyavuthwa ezitshalweni. Zingaqoqwa ukuze zikhiqizwe futhi. Lapho ukuqoqwa kwembewu kungenziwa, kufanelekile ukukhipha ama-buds a-wilted kanye nengxenye yesiqu.
I-Echinacea ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zembewu kwenziwa kancane kancane, ngoba akuyona yonke imbewu evuthwa ngasikhathi sinye. Qala ukuqoqa ekugcineni kwesizini yehlobo. Imbewu iphakathi kwe-basket inflorescence. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kunqunywa ngumbala omnyama imbali. Kulula kakhulu ukuwaqoqa ngamagilavu. Kunconywa ukomisa insiza yembewu kancane bese uyihlwanyela masinyane emhlabathini ovulekile, ngoba ukuhluma kwayo kugcinwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Isitshalo esingamelana nobandayo siyakubekezelela ubusika ngaphandle kokukhosela lapho sikhona ikhava enkulu yeqhwa noma kumakhaza alinganiselayo. Uma iqhwa elinamandla likhona endaweni yakini ngokungabi khona kweqhwa ezinyangeni zobusika, khona-ke kufanele unakekele izitshalo kusengaphambili. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, izilimo ezincane zidinga isakhiwo sokuvikela ukushisa. Ngo-ekwindla, ezungeze isonto eledlule lika-Okthoba, zonke iziqu zinciphile futhi zifakwe phakathi. Umanyolo womquba kufanele umboze impande yentamo, futhi ngaphezulu kwayo yonke ingadi yezimbali kumele imbozwe ngengqimba yamaqabunga awile namagatsha e-fir spruce.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Echinacea
Ukuzala kabusha ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Isikhathi esihle sale ndlela maphakathi nentwasahlobo noma intwasahlobo. Ukwahlukanisa, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izitshalo eneminyaka emine noma emihlanu. Bumba ngokucophelela isihlahla, ngemuva kokunisela kakhulu. Engxenyeni ngayinye ehlukanisiwe, amaqabunga wokukhula angama-3-4 kufanele aqhubeke.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa emibhedeni yezimbali evulekile, ifafazwe ngesendlalelo esincane somhlabathi futhi siniselwe. Izinga lokushisa elilungele ukuhluma kwembewu ngama-degrees Celsius angama-13- 13 Ngokungafani kokushisa kwentwasahlobo, ukukhula nokukhula kwezithombo zamathenda kungaba sengozini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala.
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo kwenziwa ekupheleni kobusika. Amabhokisi okutshala agcwele ucezu oluncane, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kumamitha ayi-5, ichotshozwe ungqimba olunenhlabathi, kutshalwe izitshalo kusuka ku-sprayer futhi kushiywe egumbini elifudumele kuze kuqhume. Ngemuva kokufaka izithombo eziqinile emhlabathini ovulekile, kuzodingeka ukunakekelwa okuphelele, okubandakanya ukuthambisa, ukhula kanye nokuzithukulula ngokuphelele. Izimbali zokuqala zizofika ngesizini ezayo.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Powdery mildew ku-echinacea ingumphumela we-nitrogen eyeqile ekudleni, kwezulu esindayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. Izindlela zokulawula - ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezine-Bordeaux liquid noma i-colloidal sulfure.
Amabala amaningi emaqabungeni (i-cercosporosis noma i-septoria) angalonakalisa ngokuphelele leli siko, njengoba enza buthaka ukungavikeleki kwalo. Esikhathini sokuqala, wonke amaqabunga athintekile ayasuswa, futhi ngomonakalo omkhulu, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kuzodingeka.
Ayikho indlela yokusindisa izimbali ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Izimpawu zegciwane zingamaqabunga aphuzi futhi omayo, izikebhe ezonakalisiwe. Ukuvikela izilimo ezinempilo, kunconyelwa ukubhubhisa amasampula anesifo (endaweni eqhelile) futhi uchithe isiqwenga somhlaba ngesisombululo esinamandla se-manganese.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali akhethekile - iKarbofos, Actellik. Imvamisa, i-Echinacea idonsela ipheningi elinobungane obufana nobungqunju. Lapho kuvela ama-slugs, kuzofanela uwaqoqe ngesandla, futhi njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, udinga ukusebenzisa izeluleko zabantu. Isibonelo, chitha inani elikhulu lamantongomane kuyo yonke ingadi yezimbali. Kuzoba yisithiyo esikhulu ekuhambeni kwama-gastropods.
Ngokugadwa okuqinile kwayo yonke imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela izifo nezinambuzane, ngeke kube khona.
Izici eziwusizo ze-Echinacea
I-Echinacea umuthi wokwelapha, uqukethe (ngamaqabunga, ama-inflorescence kanye ne-rhizome) inani elikhulu lezakhi zomzimba nezakhi. Amafutha abalulekile nama-organic acid, ama-tannins nama-polysaccharides, ama-resin kanye namafutha anamafutha, i-macro (calcium ne-potasium) nezinto zokulandela (i-cobalt, isiliva, i-zinc, i-manganese nezinye) - konke lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nezifo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ijusi entsha, ama-tincture, ama-decoctions kanye namanye amalungiselelo e-Echinacea abulala amagciwane kanye nesikhunta, apholisa amanxeba, aqinise amasosha omzimba, abe nomphumo opholile futhi ongasebenzi kahle, andise amandla endoda futhi asheshise ukugcwala kwegazi.
Ukwelashwa okungaziwa kwaziwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu nase-Asia, kuyathandwa eRussia nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS. Umuthi osemthethweni uqhathanisa izakhiwo zokuphulukisa ze-echinacea ne-ginseng. Izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kuleli siko (ngokwesibonelo, i-echinacin) zingalapha izifo ezahlukahlukene zokuvuvukala ezihambisana nohlelo lokuphefumula kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo ezingamahlalakhona (ngokwesibonelo, isifo sofuba).
Emithini yesintu, kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka zama-decoctions kanye nama-tincture ezingalungiswa ekhaya uma imbali ikhula esizeni.
I-tincture yokwelashwa kokudangala nokusebenza ngokweqile, kanye nokulwa nezifo ezahlukahlukene, ilungiswa kusuka kuma-inflorescences asanda kusikwa echinacea. Imbiza enelitha kufanele igcwale izimbali, igcwaliswe nge-vodka, ivalwe ngokuqinile ibekwe endaweni emnyama. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, i-tincture isilungele ukusetshenziswa. Kuyahlungwa futhi kuthathwe imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla kwifomu elihlanjululwe. Kwamamililitha amanzi ayi-100 amathonsi ayi-15
Isilinganiso esilungiselelwe kusuka ezimpandeni sinconyelwa umkhuhlane nezifo ezithathelanayo, kanye nokukhathala okungapheli. Impande kufanele ichotshozwe, igcwaliswe ngamanzi, ifakwe kubhavini wamanzi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu, bese ibekelwa eceleni ukupholisa kancane kancane. Cishe isigamu selitha lamanzi - cishe wezipuni ezi-2 zezimpande ezisikiwe. Ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa, umhluzi udinga ukuhlungwa. Phuza izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla, isipuni esisodwa noma ezimbili.
Ngawo wonke usizo lwayo nokuthandwa kwayo, i-echinacea ingadala ukungahambi kahle. Kungakho kungafanele uzindle. Kuphephile ukuthatha izidakamizwa ngokusekelwe kule imbiza kuphela ngemuva kokubonana nochwepheshe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo ezithathelanayo ezingamahlalakhona ezingapheli futhi ezinzima, kanye nabahlengikazi nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
