Ukukhetha izinhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo zezithelo zezithelo ze-apula, zihlala zinaka ukuthi umuthi we-apula ungena kanjani esikhathini sezithelo, ukunambitheka nosayizi wezithelo, ukumelana kwezinhlobonhlobo kuya kwesithwathwa nokuntuleka komswakama, izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yemizamo yabafuyi bezolimo, abalimi bangazikhethela phakathi kwezihlahla ezinde nezincane. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesilimo esihlahleni sama-apula asibalulekile kangako, ngoba kungalesi sikhalo kuphela engabekwa engadini enganikeza abantu izithelo ezingamavithamini ukusuka maphakathi nehlobo kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo zasekwindla zezithelo ezihlahleni zezihlahla zeapula kufanele zenze ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izinto ezitshalekile. Ama-apula aqinile amakha avuthwa ngoSepthemba angahambi kuphela etafuleni, lapho ukuvuthwa kwabathengi kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi-12-15, kodwa futhi kugcinwa ngokuphelele kuze kube maphakathi nobusika.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula ezinobuningi
Le nhlobonhlobo ye-apula yasentwasahlobo engakhethi futhi evundayo ethe xaxa yatholakala eChelyabinsk, umfuyi wezilwane odumile uPA. Zhavoronkov kusukela ekuwela iPapirovki neRanetka kubomvu. Kusukela ngeminyaka engama-50s, izihlahla zama-apula zalolu hlobo zaqala ukutshala zisuka esifundeni saseVolga-Vyatka ziya esifundeni esiseMpumalanga Ekude.
Futhi ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuvuthwa kokuqala nobunzima busika, ziyafuneka namuhla ezindaweni eziningi ezinezimo zezulu ezinzima. Kusuka onyakeni wesibili wokuphila, isitshalo esitshaliwe sinikeza ama-apula okuqala, futhi ngonyaka wesithathu, izindlela zokukhiqiza zigcwele. Isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke esitholakala esihlahleni samahhabhula e-Ural singama 250 kg.
Ama-apula alezi zinhlobonhlobo anepulpiti ephuzi ephuzi, lapho, lapho sesiphuphuma, iba mubi kakhulu, ukunambitheka okumnandi nge-acidity ecashile nephunga elimnandi. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala ukusondela maphakathi no-Septhemba, kuyilapho ama-apula avuthiwe angaboli, futhi ngemuva kokuvuna aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-2, gcina izimfanelo zawo nokunambitheka.
Izithelo ezincane eziyindilinga zoMuthi womuthi we-Uralsky ngobuningi azidluli amagremu angama-60 njengoba kuchaziwe. Ema-apula, i-peduncle inombala ophakeme, njengase-metetki, isikhumba esicwebezelayo nesibhakabhaka sokuqala siphuzi, bese kuthi nombala ophuzi, lapho ilanga lingena, amafomu abomvana abonakala kalula apinki.
Apple Tree Cinnamon okusha
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zakamuva zokuvuthwa kwekwindla zakhiwa ngesisekelo se-VNIIS im. I-I.V. UMichurin, umfuyi wezilwane odumile uS.I. Isaev. Njengombhalo wokuqala we-hybridization, kukhethwe isihlahla sama-apula sesinamoni emithende kanye nezinhlobo zeWelsey.
Izinhlobonhlobo, ezafika ezivivinyweni zoMbuso ngonyaka we-1950, zahlanyelwa ukuze zitshalwe esifundeni esiphakathi neNyakatho Ntshonalanga yezwe eminyakeni engu-15 eyalandela. Esifundeni esingeyona i-chernozem yaseRussia, izihlahla zama-apula ezitshalwe ezihlahleni eziqinile ezikhulayo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zisasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo nanamuhla. Izinhlobonhlobo zivelisa kakhulu, zinokumelana kahle nesibazi, futhi zibonisa ubulukhuni obujwayelekile bebusika ezimeni zesikhungo saseRussia.
Umqhele wesihlahla se-apula esincanyana seCinnamon okusha unesimo esiseduze nepiramidi, kepha uyakhula futhi ube mjikelezo njengoba ukhula. Amaqanda amaningi akhona ku-glove, futhi ingxenye encane kuphela kwizinduku zezithelo ezinwebekayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izithelo, izihlahla zama-apula zingena sekwephuzile, kuphela ngonyaka we-6-7 wokuphila, ngenkathi zisezihlahleni ezindala, iminyaka yokuvuna okuningana iyashintshana nezikhathi zokuphumula.
Umuthi wesinamoni we-sinamoni ubonakala ngamaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza ngamathiphu acacisiwe amade, inqwaba ebonakalayo nemiphetho enamasheya. Lapho lesi sitshalo siqhakaza engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, umuthi wambozwa ngezimbali ezinkulu ezibomvana nezimhlophe, endaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona izithelo kamuva, ezinesisindo kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-180 amagremu. Ama-apula ambozwe ngogqinsi noma acwebezelwe kancane anhlobonhlobo ambozwe ngesikhumba esigaxa esimnyama sombala ophuzi ngombala obomvana obomvana noma obomvana okwemibala ebomvu ye-carmine hue.
Izithelo zeCinnamon ezintsha zihlukaniswa yizimpawu eziphakeme kakhulu zentengiso, zinambitheka ngokunambitheka okumuncu futhi aziphambani neze ngaphansi kwezinhlobo eziningi zaseningizimu. Ama-apula athathwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba aveza ngokuphelele ukunambitheka ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-4, futhi angagcinwa egumbini elipholile kuze kube yilapho kuqala ubusika.
I-Apple Tree Uralets
Isihlahla sama-apula esivikela ngokuqinile isithsaba sezinhlobonhlobo ze-Uralets ngumphumela we-P.A. Dibrova. Ku-Sverdlovsk OSS, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, usosayensi weqa i-Anis enemibala epinki ne-China Voskovka ne-Saratov Ukraine.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezitholwe ngusosayensi ngomqhele oqinile we-pyramidal obekezelela kuze kube ngu-70 kg wezithelo phakathi neminyaka yokuvuna iye yathandwa ezifundeni eziningi ezisenyakatho yeRussia kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo. Noma umthwalo osindayo, amagatsha ambozwe ngamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo awaphuli. Ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla ze-apula ze-Uralts kwenzeka ngoMeyi. Amahlumela apinki kanti izimbali eziqhakaza zimhlophe. Ukuzingcolisa kwale nhlobonhlobo akwenzeki, ngakho-ke, umnikazi we-apple yezithelo angatshala izihlahla ezikhulu ze-Ural njenge-pollinator.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesibeletho kuqhubeke amahlumela iminyaka engama-2-3. Izithelo ezincane ezihlanganisiwe eziyindilinga ziba kusuka engxenyeni yokuqala yekwindla. Isisindo esijwayelekile se-apula elimnandi nelinoshukela lalezi zinhlobonhlobo alidluli amagremu angama-50-60. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbala ongaphezulu wezithelo ohlezi uqinile emaphethweni amade ukhilimu unesihlakala esiminyene. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-waxy kubonakala kahle esikhunjeni.
Ukufakwa izithelo kwama-apula ama-Uralet ahlukahlukene aqala eminyakeni engama-4-6 futhi kudlule njalo ngonyaka, kanti isivuno sikhula kuphela unyaka nonyaka, ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu.
Isihlahla se-Apple Auxis
Ngenxa yokuwela amagilebhisi uGrafenstein obomvu noMacintosh, abalimi baseLithuania bathola izinhlobo ze-apula ze-Auxis ngomqhele oyindilinga ohlanganisiwe wokuqina okuphakathi nezithelo zokuvuthwa kwekwindla.
Ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla zalokhu kwehlobo lasekwindla ezihlahleni zemapula kuqala ukusondela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kanti uma kungcoliswa izimbali kubalulekile ukuba nesihlahla sama-apula esiseduze sezinye izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa izithelo eziphakathi nendawo ephakathi, ezinesisindo esukela ku-90 kuye ku-180 amagremu. Ama-apula anesikhumba esinamafutha, abushelelezi anomumo owenziwe kahle, opendwe nxazonke futhi ophuzi ngombala ophuzi, lapho umbala wabelwa khona ukugcwala okususwayo, umbala, lapho kuboniswe khona isigaxa esinothile, i-carmine noma obomvu, simboze ubuso bonke bezithelo. Ama-apula aqabula futhi amuncu aqabulayo, avuthwa maphakathi no-Septhemba, anenyama emnyama ephuzi, engalahli isakhiwo sawo ngesikhathi sokugcina kuze kube sebusika.
Izithelo zokuqala zesihlahla se-apula se-Auxis zivame ukwenzeka eminyakeni engama-4-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Kulokhu, izinhlobonhlobo ezisebhangeni eliphakathi zibonisa ubulukhuni obumaphakathi obujwayelekile kanye nokumelana okufanayo nebala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezingalandelwanga ziwa ngesikhathi.
I-Apple-Tree Anis Sverdlovsky
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-apula i-Anis Sverdlovsky, enikeza isivuno ekwindla sekwephuzile, iyisithelo somsebenzi wabahwebi besikhungo sokulima saseSverdlovsk, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweL.A. Kotova. Lesi sitshalo sikhule ngenxa yokuwela iMelba ne-Anis aimurea, kuyilapho umqhele wesihlahla se-apula esesimweni siseduze nesiphiramidi esidonsayo noma esibanzi. Umuthi uphakathi nendawo ngohlobo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-fruiting. Yize emagatsheni ashubile acwebile we-cholipids eneminyaka emibili ubudala, iningi lezimbali zezimbali ezipinki, bese kuba yisibeletho.
Izithelo eziyindilinga eziyindilinga noma ezi-oval zesihlahla se-apula u-Anis Sverdlovsky zinesisindo esilingana ukusuka ku-100 kuya ku-120 amagremu. Ama-apula anezikhonkwane ezomile, ezishelelayo, eziphakathi nendawo ezinombala okhanyayo ophuzi, kwesinye isikhathi ocishe ungabonakali ngaphansi kokufiphala okubomvu okufiphele. Ezithelo ezivuthiwe, ukumboza okuyi-waxy kwe-bluish hue kubonakala kahle.
Ama-apula anepulpiti elimnandi eligotshwe kahle lika-white noma ngesinye isikhathi luhlaza okotshani. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezivuthiwe ezithathwe esihlahleni se-apula sika-Anis Sverdlovsky ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kumnandi futhi kumuncu, kufanele izilinganiso zochwepheshe eziphakeme. Noma kunjalo, le nhlobonhlobo yekwindla ayinakubizwa ngokuthi ukuqamba amanga. Impilo yamashalofu ephezulu kakhulu kuze kube nguZibandlela. Umuthi unikeza i-ovary yokuqala ngonyaka wesine ngemuva kokugoma, ibekezelela kahle ubusika futhi nangemva kokulimala kwesithwathwa ihlumela ngalinye lithola ngokushesha, kepha ngenkathi yezimvula livame ukuthinteka nesibanda.
Incazelo nezithombe ze-apple-Tree Autumn striped
Ukukhethwa kwabantu okudala okuhlukahlukene kwehla endaweni ephakathi neRussia kusuka ezifundazweni zeBaltic, ngakho-ke izihlahla ze-apula ze-Autumn Striped zibizwa ngokuthi yi-Streifling noma i-Strefil. Kukhona ezinye izindlela zegama. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sama-apula kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8, kuyilapho isiyingi, umqhele omnyama wesihlahla unobubanzi obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-7. Amahlumela asakazwa ngamaqabunga amakhulu e-oval enenqwaba yokuqapheleka yesilayidi nemiphetho eyenziwe ngamakhosi. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sesivuno sokuvuthwa, amagatsha angangena agasele emhlabathini.
Ngokwencazelo kanye nesithombe sesihlahla sama-apula esinezintambo i-Autumn, lezi zihlahla zithintwa kancane kancane yisibazi futhi zinobusika obuqinile impela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula konyaka ezihlahleni kuncane, futhi izithelo zokuqala ziboshwe kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha. Izithela nazo ziyanda kancane kancane. Kepha lapho ifinyelela iminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30, isihlahla sama-apula salokhu okuhlukahlukene, sithola isilinganiso esifanele somswakama kanye nezakhi, sikwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo ezingama-300 kg.
Ngemuva kokuvundiswa kwe-efihlekile, lo ovary ikhula ngenkuthalo, izithelo ibala kuphela ngo-Agasti, uvuthwe maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ukwakheka kwama-aphula amakhulu aphuzi ngokuhlaza okotshani obhobekile okuhlanganisiwe kungasizungezi, kwesinye isikhathi kufana, ngezimbambo kubonakale eduze kwengxenye engenhla. I-pulp imhlophe nokunwebeka, nokunambitheka okumnandi okuqabulayo.
Apple-izihlahla zebanga Zhigulevskoe
Kutholakala ngonyaka we-1936 esiteshini sokuhlola saseSamara, inhlobo ethengisa izinto ngezinga eliphakeme kudala yazichaza njengengazethembi futhi ithela kakhulu. Izihlahla ze-apula zeZhigulevskoye ziwumphumela wokuwela i-Borovinka nomklomelo weWagner. Izinhlobonhlobo zaphenduka ubusika impela-zaba lukhuni futhi zalulama ngokushesha ngemuva kweqhwa elinamandla.
Kuphansi kakhulu, kepha ukunika izihlahla ezikhula kahle zalesi sihlahla sasekwindla esivinini esingama-apula kungahlukaniswa umqhele obanzi we-pyramidal, ama-apula okuqala avela eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutshala. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo zithela izithelo minyaka yonke, zinikeza izithelo eziyindilinga ezinoshukela nge-crane blush, enesisindo kusuka kumagremu ayi-130 kuye kwangama-200. Ama-apula agcinwa kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yobusika.
Isihlahla se-Apple Bessemyanka Michurinskaya
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamandla, ezitholwe ngisho no-I.V. Michurin, ngenxa yokuwela iBessemyanka Komsinskaya ne-Skrizhapel ehlukahlukene, inomqhele wokusabalalisa onamandla futhi iqala ukuthela izithelo kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengama-7 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukukhiqiza okuphakathi kwesihlahla sama-apula esihlwanyelwe yizihlahla zazo zeBessemyanka Michurinskaya izinhlobonhlobo ezingama-130 kg ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, futhi izithelo zivuthwa ngoSepthemba zinesisindo esingu-110-130 amagremu futhi zihlukaniswa ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. I-apula lenhlanganisela yeBessemyanka Michurinskaya linokukhanya okuphuzi okukhanyayo nokufiphala kokuhlanganisa imichilo yamawolintshi nokubomvu esikhunjeni, okugcina izithelo zisanda kuze kube nguDisemba. Izihlahla ze-Apple zihlala kahle emgqeni ophakathi nendawo futhi zivame ukuthinteka yisibazi. Okuwukuphela kokubuyisa kwezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi ama-apula avuthiwe awavuthwa ngokulinganayo.
