Njengoba izithelo ezinamakha ezihlahla zekhofi zinqobile emhlabeni wonke, lezi zitshalo bezilinywe yonke indawo. Vele, lapho ukhulisa indlu ngomuthi wekhofi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esigcwele, kepha isihlahla sangaphakathi sinezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zokuhlobisa kangangokuba sihlala sivakashi esihlonishwayo kunoma yikuphi ukuqoqwa kwezimbali.
Isitshalo sekhofi noma ikofi (i-Coff) singowomndeni wakwaMarena. Ezasekhaya - izindawo ezishisayo zase-Afrika.
Kunenganekwane mayelana nekhofi yezikhathi zakudala, ethi owelusi othile wadla izimbuzi ezidla amajikijolo esihlahleni sekofi. Emva kwalokho, izimbuzi zaqubuka ubusuku bonke, ziphapheme. Utshele uMullah oyedwa, owayevame ukulala esontweni lamaSulumane. UMullah uthathe isinqumo sokuzwa imiphumela yalawa majikijolo. Futhi empeleni, amajikijolo asiza i-mullah.
Ngo-1591, udokotela wase-Italy uProsper Alpinus, ehambisana nenxusa laseVenetian eGibhithe, bajwayelana nalesi siphuzo. Ekubuyeni kwakhe, ubuyise ubhontshisi wekhofi amaningana futhi wakhuluma ngezakhiwo zawo zokwelapha. Ngo-1652, kwavulwa indlu yokuqala yekhofi eLondon. Lezi zinhlaka ezincane ezithandekayo zasakazeka ngokushesha kangangokuba eminyakeni embalwa nje kwakukhona izinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Njengoba ngalezozinsuku kwakungekho mininingwane ebanzi esinayo esikhathini sethu, abantu babuthana ezixukwini lapho, befunda futhi bexoxa ngezindaba zakamuva, futhi kwenziwa izinkampani ezahlukahlukene zokuhweba lapho. Uma babefuna ukufunda okuthile ngomuntu, ababuzanga kuye ukuthi uhlala kuliphi idolobha, nokuthi bahambela yiphi ikhofi. Ngisho namalambu okuqala afakiwe edolobheni abekwa eduze kwezitolo zekhofi.
I-coffee, isihlahla esincane esidabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika nase-Abyssinia, yathola izwe layo lesibili eBrazil. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zekhofi - i-Arabhiya neKenya - zenani eliphakeme kakhulu kunekhofi evela kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, eNdiya, ikhofi nayo iyalinywa ngesilinganiso esibalulekile.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zekhofi ezisetshenzisiwe ekuqaleni kwekofi yase-Arabhu, ethatha indawo eyi-90% yendawo. Le nhlobo ikhula kahle, iyaqhakaza futhi ithela izithelo ezimweni zasekamelweni.
Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umuthi wekhofi: incazelo yesitshalo
Ikhofi isihlahla esihlala sikhona, kwesinye isikhathi isihlahla. Umuthi wekhofi uyisitshalo sendlu esihle kakhulu, ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okufanele kukhula kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama.
Amacembe makhulu, anesikhumba (amasentimitha ayi-10-15), acwebezelayo kancane, acwebezelayo, ane-petiole emfushane, anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Zinejamo lokusaqanda ngomqhele okhonjiwe. Amagxolo esiqu anombala we-beige okhanyayo.
Izimbali zinamakha kakhulu, mhlophe noma ukhilimu, ziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence ezincezu ezi-3-7 kuma-axils amaqabunga. Izimbali zihlala zimbili, zikhipha iphunga elinamandla eliikhumbuza i-jasmine.
Isithelo berry sisesimweni esivuthiwe sombala obomvu okhanyayo. Ngokusho kwencazelo, amajikijolo ezihlahla zekhofi afana nezithelo zamakhherubi. Izithelo zincane, ekuqaleni ziluhlaza, ziyindilinga noma zi-oval. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu ebizwa ngokuthi "ubhontshisi wekhofi." Emazweni lapho kutshalwa khona ikhofi, izingane ngentokozo enkulu zidla lezi amajikijolo.
Izinhlamvu ezivuthiwe zinombala ophuzi, zithola umbala onsundu ngemuva kokuthosa. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa sekhofi esikweni lasekamelweni, ungaqoqa "isivuno" esifinyelela ku-0,5 kg.
Uma unakekela umuthi wekhofi ekhaya, njengoba kululekwa abatshali abanolwazi, lesi sitshalo sinokuqhakaza futhi sithele izithelo ngasikhathi sinye unyaka wonke. Isihlahla sekofi sihlala isikhathi eside, njengoba izinhlobonhlobo ezithile ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-200 (emasimini hhayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30). Ngokwesilinganiso, isihlahla sekofi singakhiqiza kuze kufike ku-1 kg yembewu ngonyaka.
Umuthi wekhofi ebhodweni uvumelana kalula nezimo eziphikisayo zezakhiwo. Isitshalo esincane siqhakaza ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuya ngohlobo lwesihlahla. Ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nehlobo, lesi sitshalo sikhula kakhulu; isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, umuthi ukwazi ukukhula ngo-5-10 cm.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo.
Ekhaya, kukhiqizwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela - ikofi lase-Arabhiya (S. aradisa).
Yaziwa nangokuthi indlela emfushane yimbali yangaphakathi, isihlahla sekofi - 'Nana' ('Nana') - ukuphakama kwawo kungaphezu kuka-50-70 cm.
Bona ukuthi umuthi wekhofi ubukeka kanjani kulezi zithombe:
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo zomuthi wekhofi
Kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika, amaqabunga ezihlahla zekhofi enza ukwenziwa kabusha njengetiye; aqukethe ne-caffeine. Kuyadliwa uginindela wezithelo omnandi. Isiphuzo esenziwe kubhontshisi wekhofi othosiwe sinomthelela wethoni ne-vasodilating. Kuyasiza ukunikeza ukumnika kwekofi ebomvu yokukhwehlela kanye nokuqaqanjeka kwekhanda ezinhlangeni, kanye ne-arthritis ne-gout.
Emithini yesintu, amalahle ezokwelapha enziwa ngembewu yekhofi. Isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlanza ubuthi besisu, idlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamalahle ezokwelapha. Isetshenziselwa ubuthi, ekwelapheni amanxeba, kusuka kumagesi.
E-Russia, izakhiwo zokupholisa zekhofi zazaziwa ngo-1665, futhi zikuthatha njenge Umuthi ongabalulekanga "ngokumelene nokubanda nekhanda elijwayelekile." Udokotela wezitshalo odumile uKarl Linney wabhala ngekhofi ukuthi "... lesi siphuzo siqinisa isibeletho, sisiza isisu ekuphekeni ukudla, sihlanza isembozo ngaphakathi, sifudumele isisu." IVoltaire yayingaphuza izinkomishi zekhofi ezifika ku-50 phakathi nosuku, hhayi eziphansi kakhulu kuye uHonoré de Balzac.
Ezenzweni zokwelapha isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ejabulisayo yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi ne-vasodilator ekucindezelekeni, ukukhathala kwengqondo, izifo zenhliziyo ezahlukahlukene, ikhanda, umfutho wegazi kanye nobuthi.
Ekhaya, izithelo zomiswa ngaphakathi endlini emoyeni ovulekile, owawukhululwe ngaphambili epulpiti. Bese uthosiwe kuze kube nsundu, ochotshoziwe.
I-Caffeine equkethe okusanhlamvu inomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo, ikhulisa umfutho wegazi kancane.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lapho uphuza ikhofi, umzimba uyawujwayela. Uma kudliwa ngemithamo emikhulu (ngaphezu kwezinkomishi ezi-5 zekhofi ngosuku), bese kumiswa, khona-ke kungavela ukubonakala kwesimo sokukhanda ikhanda, ukukhathala, ukuqubuka, kwesinye isikhathi isicanucanu.
Ukuba nolwazi ngokusetshenziswa kwezithelo zomuthi wekhofi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ikofi eqinile ayinconywa ezigulini ezine-atherosulinosis yemithambo ye-coronary artery, ngoba ingadala ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina.
Kuphinde kubhekwe ukuphuza ikhofi yezingane, asebekhulile, abanesifo sokuqwasha, ngokwanda kokuqubuka, i-gastritis, ne-gastric ulcer. I-pulp emnandi edliwayo yezithelo (amajikijolo) ekhofi e-Afrika isetshenziselwa ukwenza iziphuzo ezinotshwala nokukhiqiza i-caffeine.
Okulandelayo, uzofunda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani isihlahla sekofi ekhaya.
Nakekela lapho ukhula isihlahla sekofi ebhodweni ekhaya (nevidiyo)
Kuyadingeka ukuthi egumbini okuhlala kulo isihlahla sekofi, izimo ezikhulayo ezisondelene nezindawo ezishisayo zigcinwe, lapho-ke kuzokwazi ukuthemba ukuthi kuzovunwa nokuthi ubhontshisi ube nephunga lekhofi elikhona.
Amakamelo abanzi ngokufinyelela komoya omusha afanele ukulondolozwa kwawo. Isihlahla sekofi sinomdwebo obalulekile: empeleni awuhlangani nezinye izitshalo zasendlini.
Indawo yokuhlala Ikhofi idinga igumbi elikhanyayo, nelanga, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Kungcono ukubeka isihlahla sekhofi emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.
Ikhofi idinga ilanga eliningi nomoya omusha, kepha izitshalo ezincane azikwazi ukukhanya kwelanga. Umuthi wekhofi uncamela ukukhanya okungafani. Uma kumnyama kakhulu, kuzoqala ukukhula kancane, futhi ukukhanya okugqamile kungadala uphuzi nokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, i-marcrinal necrosis yamaqabunga ingaqala.
Isitshalo asinconywa ukuba sisuswe endaweni siye kwenye.
Lapho ukhula ekhaya, isihlahla sekofi asizweli emgudwini njengolamula, kodwa futhi siyjwayela indawo yaso futhi asithandi lapho sakhiwe kabusha. Kodwa-ke, ehlobo kungafakwa emphemeni noma kwi-loggia futhi kuze kuthathwe kuyiswe ekhayeni elingaphansi kwesidingo sokulungisa ukuthambekela elangeni (ngoba lokhu kwanele ukubopha indwangu ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesihlahla).
Ukushisa Kungcono ukuqukethe lesi sitshalo ekushiseni okungama-25-30 ° C, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukukhula okujwayelekile, izinga lokushisa lamakamelo nalo lifanelekile. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sicasha ubusika, bese sidinga izinga lokushisa eliphansi, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C. Ebusika, isitshalo sivame ukugcinwa emazingeni okushisa angekho ngaphansi kuka-18 ° C
Inhlabathi. Izidingo zenhlabathi eziyisisekelo zokunakekela isihlahla sekofi lekamelo zingondlekile futhi zixolile. Inhlabathi yesitshalo iqukethe umhlaba we-turf, inhlabathi emfuleni yomfula kanye namaqabunga ama-humus, athathwe ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 1, ngenkathi ukusabela kwenhlabathi kungathathi hlangothi.
Isendlalelo sangaphansi silungiselelwe kusuka ku-turf nenhlabathi enamaqabunga, i-humus nesihlabathi (2: 1: 1: 1).
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Lapho unakekela isihlahla sekofi ekhaya, ukugqoka kwenziwa ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba kabili ngenyanga ngamanyolo anezimbali.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, isihlahla sekofi sidla kakhulu izakhamzimba, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusondla kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-10; ikakhulukazi idinga i-nitrogen ne-potassium. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya maphakathi no-Agasti, lesi sihlahla sondliwa ngesinono (1: 10) nomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, oqukethe izinto ezilandelwayo ikakhulukazi i-molybdenum. Umanyolo AVA ulusizo kakhulu.
Ukufakelwa Esezinhlelweni zokukhulisa isihlahla sekofi ekhaya, imbali encane idluliselwa minyaka yonke, umuntu omdala - kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3. Izitshalo zabantu abadala entwasahlobo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe aphezulu futhi amakhulu.
Ungayinisela kanjani futhi utshale isihlahla sekofi esakhiwe endlini (enesithombe)
Ukuchelela okuningi ehlobo, ngokulinganisela ebusika, namanzi amile. Isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo phakathi kwesigaba sokukhula okukhulayo. Kepha ukuthambisa okuningana akunconywa. Ngaphambi kokunisela isihlahla sekofi, qiniseka ukuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba lome kancane. Uma ukuthambisa akwanele, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuningi kakhulu, khona-ke amaqabunga angaqala ukuwa. Ebusika, akufanele uvame ukuthambisa umuthi wekhofi.
Isihlahla sekofi sithanda umoya omusha, sidinga umswakama ophezulu. Ngokushisa okuvulekile, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze ikhofi kaningi ngosuku.
Njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni, umuthi wekhofi ongaphakathi unomqhele omuhle wemvelo:
Lapho kuthenwa isitshalo, umuntu kufanele afinyeze kuphela amahlumela amade kakhulu futhi anciphise ukukhula kwesitshalo ukuphakama ngokuya ngesidingo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobonhlobo ezikhulwe kusuka kokusika ziba ngesimo sesihlahla esidinga ukwakhiwa. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi, kunconywa ukusiguqula sizungeze i-axis ngezikhathi nezikhathi ukuthuthukisa umqhele ngokufanayo.
Lokhu okulandelayo kuchaza indlela yokusabalalisa isihlahla sekofi ekhaya.
Ungasabalalisa kanjani isihlahla sekofi ekhaya ngembewu nokusika
Ukuzala. Imbewu esisanda kukhiwa eqoshwe egobolondweni elibomvu. Imbewu imila kangcono emgodini oshubile (25-28 ° C).
Imbewu isheshe ilahlekelwe amandla ayo okumila, ngakho-ke akufanele igcinwe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, futhi kungcono ukuhlwanyela ngemuva nje kokuvunwa. Ukuze ukhule isihlahla sekofi, imbewu, ebunjiwe epulpiti, ihlwanyelwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi yomhlabathi we-turf light, inhlabathi yamaqabunga nesihlabathi (2: 1: 2) kuya ekujuleni kuka-1 cm, uhlangothi olubushelelezi phansi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ahlanzwa kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate. Izinga lokushisa lokuhluma kufanele libe ngama-degrees angama-22- 24, i-substrate igcinwa imanzi. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga okuqala, izitshalo zitshalwa emabhodweni. Iminyaka yokuqala engama-3-4, lesi sitshalo siyatshalwa kabusha ngonyaka, ngokulandelayo - njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ezitshalweni ezindala, inxenye eyi-humus yengeziwe enhlabathini.
Ungasabalalisa ikhofi kanye nezisikiwe, uzigingqe ngesihlabathi esimanzi ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ukugoqwa kwepulasitiki, ngamazinga okushisa ka-28- 30 C. Izimbumbulu kufanele zithathwe esihlahleni sezithelo, uma kungenjalo ngeke ulinde izithelo. Sika lesi sitshalo entwasahlobo ngezihlumela zesithombo sokukhula sangonyaka odlule. Izithombo zomuthi wekhofi ziqala ukuthela izithelo iminyaka engama-3-4, kanti nezinhlobo zemifino ezikhulwe ngokusika kwesinye isikhathi ziyaqhakaza sezivele sezisesigcini sekhamba.
Ividiyo "Isihlahla seKofi ekhaya" ikhombisa zonke izindlela eziphambili zezolimo zokunakekela lesi sitshalo:
