Ama-fuchsias izitshalo ezinhle eziqhakaza izimbali. Muva nje, ama-fuchsias athandwa kakhulu hhayi eYurophu naseMelika kuphela, kodwa naseRussia. Kuthatha umzamo omncane kakhulu ukuzikhulisa - nezimbali eziningi ezi-lch fuchsia ezimnandi ezineziketi "ezinhle" zizokujabulisa ngemibala egqamile kulo lonke ihlobo!
Fuchsia embizeni. © Maja DumatUkuqalwa kokuqala kwe-fuchsia kwabhalwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 edlule, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi abafuyi bezindawo baveze izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zalokhu ubuhle. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fuchsia.
Ama-Fuchsias angatshalwa nangobhasikidi wokulengiswa, futhi angasetshenziswa ekwakheni izihlahla ezijwayelekile noma emasimini amahle. IFuchsia ingatshalwa ekhaya nasemgwaqweni. Kodwa ezimweni zobusika zaseRussia ezineqhwa, zizofa endaweni evulekile, ngakho-ke ekwindla, ama-fuchsias kumele adluliselwe engadini aya ebusika endaweni epholile.
I-Fuchsia, isiLatini - i-Fuchsia.
UFuchsia, isitshalo esinezindlu ezaziwayo, wathela “umoya wesibili” ngokukhiqiza inzalo engaqala isakaze ngembewu, futhi, okwesibili, iqhume ngokushesha, izinyanga ezi-4-5 emva kokuhlwanyela. Njengoba izinhlobo eziningana zixubene "egazini" lale hybrid, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-hybrid fuchsia (F. x hybrida). Kodwa hhayi kuphela amandla okuqhakaza ngonyaka wokuhlwanyela kusivumela ukuthi sithi i-fuchsia kuya ehlobo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, liqhakaza lonke ihlobo obala. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-fuchsia ihlala ingapheli, ebusika ingagcinwa egumbini elipholile, eliqhakazile futhi libe mnyama entwasahlobo. Ama-Fuchsia aqhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kusithwathwa sokuqala.
I-Fuchsia yi-hybrid. © Alejandro Bayer TamayoIzici
IndawoI-Fuchsia yi-thermophilic, noma kukhona amafomu abekezelela amaqandeni amancane, awuthanda umswakama, kepha awawabekezeleli amanzi ngokweqile emhlabathini, akhetha izindawo ezinelanga noma ezingenamithunzi ezingenamhlabathi nenhlabathi enempilo.
UkunakekelwaUkuchelela njalo, kepha ngaphandle kwamanzi ngokweqile, nokugqoka okuphezulu ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwayi-14 kuzohlinzeka ngokuqhakaza okuqhubekayo nokuqhubekayo.
Ukufakelwa: Lapho kutshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile, i-fuchsia itshalwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ikhulisa intambo yomsuka ngamasentimitha ayi-10 - 20. Emavikini ama-2 emva kokutshala, lapho izitshalo zikhule kahle, zikhula futhi ngokushesha ziqhume. Izithando zokuqala zekwindla ze-fuchsia ezivela kuwo wonke amaqembu ziyabekezelelwa kahle, zibhekana nokuqina okuqinile ngaphambi kokuphumula. Izimbali esifundeni saseMoscow zihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ukuqala kuka-Okthoba.
Ukukhula
Yize i-fuchsia inezithombe eziningi, ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo akumfisi. Ngosuku olushisayo, amaqabunga nezimbali zingasha kakhulu.
Ukukhula okuluhlaza nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi kukhuthaza ngokunisela okuningana, ukufafaza njalo, ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu, inhlabathi enempilo nomoya omusha.
I-Fuchsia. © DavidLesi sitshalo siyozizwa singaphandle kakhulu ehlobo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, sihlushwa kancane yizilokazane. Ekamelweni elivaliwe nelishisayo elinomoya owomile, ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies, kanye nesibungu sesicabucabu mhlawumbe kungahlasela lokho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, okokuqala kufanele ukhulise umswakama womoya bese uphatha isihlahla ngemishini efanelekile yokuvikela. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngaphandle, esimweni sezulu ezolile, emthunzini, ngokulandela ngqo imiyalo yemithamo.
Ama-fuchsias kufanele atshalwe ezimbizeni ezinombala okhanyayo, ngoba athelwa kancane elangeni kunombala omnyama noma onsundu.
I-substrate ebhodweni ku-fuchsia kufanele ihlale inomswakama ngokulinganayo. Ukugwema ukufiphaza umswakama, ungqimba lwamanzi wedaka olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe amancane athululelwa ezansi kwembiza. Umhlaba kufanele ukhululeke impela.
Emakamelweni anomoya owomile, i-fuchsia ifafazwa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ungalokothi ukwenze ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-fuchsia azibekezeleli isikhathi eside sokushisa, ikakhulukazi uma zikhanya elangeni ngqo.
I-Fuchsia. © Erick GustafsonI-Fuchsia isuthiswa kanye ngesonto ngomanyolo wetshezi wezimbali ze-balcony. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala entwasahlobo. NgoSepthemba, lapho kuvuthwa amahlumela, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuncishiswa kancane kancane.
Izimbali ezingama-wilch fuchsia zivame ukususwa ukuvuselela lesi sitshalo ukwakha ama-buds amasha.
Ngaphambi kweziqalo zobusuku bokuqala, ama-fuchsias ayahlanzwa. Elungile - ngokukhanyayo, kufakwe umoya omncane, ngokushisa kwe-5-10C. Kususwa amaqabunga ukuze izilokazane nesikhunta zingabi ngaphezu kwawo. IFuchsia iniselwa ebusika ukuze isigaxa sobumba kuphela singomi. Entwasahlobo, lapho isitshalo sikhula futhi, ukuthambisa kuyanda kancane kancane. Lapho usongo lweqhwa lasebusuku lunyamalala, lwenziwa ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile.
I-Fuchsia ihlala ithola iziqu zokulwa nokuguga ukuze isitshalo singabonakali. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokulethwa egumbini, amahlumela athengelwa isithathu noma isibili. Entwasahlobo, amahlumela aphinda ancishiswe ngababili amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-2-3. Amahlumela ama-fuchsia amakhulu asikwa ukuze alengiswe kancane emaphethelweni ebhodwe.
IFuchsia ayinqabuli enhlabathini. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zingatshalwa kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi ovundile okhanyayo ongaphenduki, ngokufakwa kwe-peat, isihlabathi kanye ne-perlite. Inani elincane lobumba lingangezwa ukubamba izakhamzimba emhlabathini. Ezitshalweni ezindala, ukuxubana komhlaba we-turf, i-peat, humus kanye ne-compost (2: 1: 1: 1) noma inhlabathi yamaqabunga, i-peat nesihlabathi (3: 2: 1) kunganconywa.
I-Fuchsia. © btckNjalo entwasahlobo, ama-fuchsias atshalwa abe yingxenye entsha evela engxenyeni ye-turf, humus, inhlabathi enamaqabunga nesihlabathi (2: 2: 2: 1). Izimbiza zithatha okungaphezulu kwe-2-3 cm ubukhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, awukwazi ukuhlela kabusha i-fuchsia ukusuka endaweni uye endaweni noma ukuguqula isihlahla, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekuphonsa ama-buds nezimbali.
Uma izimbali zisheshe ziphele, imbangela ingaba ubusika kakhulu, ukuthambisa ngokweqile noma ukunganele, noma ukushoda kokukhanya ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Ukubekwa phansi kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi kuboniswa ngokuvela kwezindawo ezinsundu ezinemiphetho ephuzi kumaqabunga. Izimbali ezinesihlwathi kufanele zisuswe ngendlela yesikhathi ukuvikela ukwakheka kwembewu, ngaphandle kwalokho isikhathi sezimbali siyancishiswa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ama-fuchsias amancane ngokuqinisekile azoqhakaza futhi akujabulise lonke ihlobo ngama-buds awo, izibani nezimbali ezinhle ezinhle.
I-Fuchsia.
Ukuzala
Ukusakazwa kwe-fuchsia ngokusika.
Ukuze usikwe, ukusikwa okusha kwe-fuchsia kufanele kuthathwe. Ukuzisika okuncane okucashunwe kancane kuzonikeza izimpande, kepha le nqubo ingathatha isikhashana. Ubude bezimpawu zokusika i-fuchsia zingancika ezinhlobonhlobo, ngoba kunezinhlobonhlobo futhi ezinamandla kakhulu ze-fuchsia. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude besiqu se-fuchsia bungaba cm 10-20. Ngaphambi kokufaka isiteki se-fuchsia esitsheni samanzi, kubalulekile ukususa wonke amaqabunga aphansi angahlangana namanzi. Ukuthinta amanzi, amaqabunga e-fuchsia angaqala ukubola, ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokushesha futhi ukusikeka kwe-fuchsia kungabola, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokuthola izimpande. Ungaphungula futhi amaqabunga asele ngesigamu uma emakhulu kakhulu, ngoba ukuhwamuka ngokweqile komquba ngokusebenzisa amaqabunga amakhulu kungenza buthaka isiqu se-fuchsia, esingakabi nezimpande zaso. Uma noma kunjalo amaqabunga esiqu se-fuchsia elahlekile i-turgor, beka ingilazi nesiqu endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma umane umboze ngesikhwama sobala. Amanzi azohambisana nokuhlunga okujwayelekile. Akuwenzi umqondo ukusebenzisa ama-hormone akhethekile ukuze ukhiphe i-fuchsia, ngoba ukusikwa kwe-fuchsia futhi ngokuzithandela nangokufanelekile kunika izimpande. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngosuku lwesine ngemuva kokusikwa kwesiqu se-fuchsia, kuvela izimpande zokuqala. Ngokwesilinganiso, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezimpande ku-fuchsia ithatha izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Akudingekile ukulinda isiqu se-fuchsia sikhule izimpande ezinde. Ungatshala i-fuchsia ku-substrate ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpande ezimbalwa emisakazweni.
I-Fuchsia ingasakazwa ngokusikwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa ihamba phambili entwasahlobo, lapho zonke izinto eziphilayo ziqala ukukhula. Ngoba i-fuchsia ithanda ukupholisa, ehlobo, ngenxa yokushisa komoya okuphezulu, ukusakazeka kwe-fuchsia kunzima - ukusika kuvame ukubola, ukungabi nesikhathi sokunikeza izimpande. Kungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga yokusakazwa kwe-fuchsia ehlobo uma izimbumbulu zisendlini enomoya opholile. Futhi, ungahlangabezana nenkinga lapho usakaza i-fuchsia ekwindla. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-fuchsia inesikhathi sokuphumula, esiqala maphakathi no-Okthoba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile ku-fuchsia zehla kancane.
I-Fuchsia. © HellgeriatricIndlela yesibili yokusabalalisa i-fuchsia ngokusika. Izisiko ezisanda kusikwa ezi-fuchsia zitshalwa ngokushesha endaweni engaphansi (lokhu kungaba yithebhulethi le-peat, kanye ne-vermiculite, i-perlite, i-sphagnum). Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi ukusikwa kwe-fuchsia okutshalwe ngaphandle kwezimpande kufanele kufakwe ku-greenhouse, ngoba amaqabunga e-fuchsia empeleni alahlekelwa yi-turgor. Kepha ama-fuchsias ashesha ukujwayela i-greenhouse, i.e. kumswakama ophezulu. Lapho isikhathi sifika, ukusika okugxilile kufanele kususwe ku-greenhouse, futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi uzivumelanise nesikhathi esithile nomswakama ojwayelekile womoya. Ama-cutchs fuchsia angabhabhadisiwe angalahlekelwa yi-turgor ngesikhathi sokushintsha okubukhali kwesimo sezulu.
Ukusakazwa kwe-fuchsia ngembewu.
Le ndlela enzima, kodwa ngokungangabazeki indlela ehehayo yokwandisa i-fuchsia inengqondo ukusebenzisa kuphela izinhloso zokuzalela.
Imbali yesitshalo somama se-fuchsia kumele ivikeleke ekuziqandeni ngokwakho. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhipha ithuba lokungcolisa imbali ye-fuchsia izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhakaza imbali entsha, futhi okungcono ngisho nangembali engakaze iqhakaze, ama-anthers asuswa ngokucophelela futhi aqoshwe ngokucophelela. Ngokwesibambiso se-pestle kusetshenziswa impova yesitshalo sikababa we-fuchsia. Okulandelayo, hlanganisa imbali ngokufaka isikhwama sokufaka - lokhu kuzovikela ukungcoliswa ngengozi yizinambuzane. Isikhwama sokufaka amanzi singakhiwa ngezindlela ezithuthukisiwe - iphepha, indwangu, ukuvikela intambo ezungeze imbali.
I-Fuchsia. © SpigooIzithelo ze-Fuchsia zivuthwa amasonto ambalwa.
Izithelo ze-Fuchsia zisikwa ngokucophelela bese kukhishwa imbewu. Manje kudingeka zome. Emva kosuku noma ezimbili, imbewu izokoma bese ihlwanyelwa. Imbewu ye-Fuchsia ihlwanyelwa ngaphezulu kwe-substrate emise kancane, ngaphandle kokufakwa enhlabathini. Izitsha zembewu kufanele zibekwe endaweni abamba ukushisa kuyo, endaweni enokhanya kahle endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni. Kuzovela amachashaza enhlanyelo ye-fuchsia cishe emasontweni amabili. Cishe inyanga nengxenye noma izithombo ezimbili ziyantshontshiswa, zizitshala zisekude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwezinye izinyanga ezimbili, izithombo sezingatshalwa ezinkomishini ezihlukile. Ngaphambi kokuba izitshalo ze-fuchsia ezisencane zisuswe eziphelweni zokugcina izithombo, kufanele zijwayele kancane kancane ukuthambekela okujwayelekile. Izithombo ze-fuchsia ezingabhaptizwanga zingalimala kakhulu futhi zize zife uma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kunganakwa.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Isihlahla esikhulu esiqhakaza esitsheni, i-shtamb noma i-ampch fuia sizohlobisa noma iliphi iveranda, ithala noma utshani, kubalulekile nje ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo nendawo efanelekile.
Fuchsia MagellanicI-fuchsia edume kakhulu ezweni lethu i-fuchsia enhle (i-Fuchsia speciosa), futhi i-hybrid (Fuchsia hybrida) - umphumela wesiphambano Fuchsia fulgens x Fuchsia splendens (shinys fuchsia fuchsia sparkling).
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ngokwesibonelo, i-alpine fuchsia Magellanic (Fuchsia Magellanica), izinhlobonhlobo zayo zokudla ezinomusa (i-Fuchsia gracilis) ne-ricarton (i-Fuchsia magellanica "Riccartonii") - okhokho bezinhlobo ezibandayo ezibandayo, kanye ne-Fanssiacia Fanssiacia , I-Bolivian (Fuchsia boliviana) ne-fuchsia enamaqabunga amathathu (i-Fuchsia triphylla), okwaholela kuma-trifill-hybrids.
IFuchsia inamaqabunga amathathu. © gelesZonke lezi zinhlobo zingamabhishi kusuka ku-70 cm kuye ku-2,5 m mude. Amagatsha angaba drooping eqinile noma mncane. Ngokuya ngendawo namandla abo, lesi sitshalo sizoba sibumbane noma siqhume.
Phakathi kwama-hybrid ama-trifill kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-fuchsia hybrid, kukhona nokukhuphuka. Kukhona futhi amafomu “amnandi” amangalisayo anamahlumela amade (afinyelela kumamitha amabili), afana kakhulu nenhle ye-fuchsia nenhle. Phakathi nzalo trifillids, nansi izinhlobo Mantilla.
E-fuchsia yesihlahla saseBolivian, ama-inflorescence ahlotshisiwe - iziqu zezimbali ezinde ezibomvu emaphethelweni ezinyawo ezinde (kuze kube ngu-30 cm).
Izimbali ezingamaqabunga amathathu ama-fuchsia zihlala emaphethelweni amahlumela. Izitshalo ezinjalo zitshalwa kubhasikidi wokulengiswa kanye namabhokisi e-balcony.
UFuchsia Magellanic "Riccartonii". © duchyofcornwallIzifo Nezinambuzane
I-Whitefly
Isinambuzane esivame kakhulu se-fuchsia yi-whitefly.
Lezi yizimpukane ezincane (ezifika ku-2mm) zombala omhlophe. Banegama labo elijwayelekile ngoba womabili amaphiko embozwe impova emhlophe. Ngaphandle kufana ne-microscopic mole. Imikhakha emikhulu yalezi zinambuzane, abantu abadala kanye nezibungu ihlala ngaphansi kweqabunga. Kulula ukuzibona ngoba lapho unyakazisa amaqabunga esitshalo, izimpukane zihamba kakhulu.
Izibungu zineminyaka engu-4. Kowokuqala uyiselula, enemilenze ne-antennae. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuthola indawo efanelekayo yokunamathisela eshidi.
Eminyakeni elandelayo, isibungu sesivele singanyakazi: "sinamathela" ngokuqinile eqabungeni futhi sifunisa ujusi ngesitayela esigcotshwe izicubu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu zifana nesilinganiso sobala esicaba.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala kabusha, izibungu ezinjalo zimboza ngokuphelele amaqabunga. Umphumela walesi sikhwanyana ukupunga amaqabunga, ukunqunywa kwezimbali, ukomiswa kwezithombo. Njengezinye izinambuzane ezincelayo, izimpungushe zifukamela isigaxa esimnandi, lapho kukhula khona amakhowe wesoya. Namanje i-whitefly iyingozi njenge-carriers yama-virus - ama-pathogens wezifo zezitshalo.
Eminyakeni yesine, izibungu ziphenduka i-chrysalis. Ishintsha kakhulu, iba i-convex, i-opaque, embozwe nge-wax secretion kusuka phezulu.
Fuchsia Rapunzel. © vanmeuwenNgemuva kokuncibilika, ipupa liphenduka libe yisinambuzane esidala.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimhlophe: i-citrus, i-greenhouse, ugwayi.
ICitrus whitefly ilimaza izihlahla ezingaphansi komhlaba nezihlahlana eziseningizimu yeKrasnodar Territory nasezindlini eziluhlaza.
I-Greenhouse whitefly iyinhlobo yemvelaphi yasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ensimini evulekile akuqedi ngokweqile. Kepha ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kuyalimaza unyaka wonke. Inika izizukulwane ezingama-5-7 ngonyaka.
Ugwayi (noma ukotini) - ngaphandle akuhlukile ku-greenhouse, kepha kunezici ezithile zokuthuthuka. Imelana kakhulu nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
Izindlela zokulawula
Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokuchitheka kwezikhathi ezingama-3-4 zazo zonke izitshalo ngokulungiselela i- "Aktara". (4g yesidakamizwa ngama-5 amalitha amanzi)
Ijusi lesitshalo liba yisibulala-zinambuzane. Ukwelashwa okuningana kuyadingeka ngoba yilezo zigaba zezinambuzane ezidla esihlumeni sezitshalo ezifa ngemuva kokwelashwa.
Kungcono ukushintshanisa ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo "Aktara" ne "Confidor". Kusukela ukusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa esisodwa kuphela kungaba nomthelela ekuqubukeni kwesizukulwane esizinzileyo senkathazo.
Ukuhlanzwa kwezitshalo ngesixazululo sensipho kubuye kusebenze kahle ama-insecticides. Lesi sixazululo kufanele sishiywe esitshalweni cishe ihora elilodwa, bese uhlanza isitshalo ngamanzi afudumele ngokugeza isandla isibungu engaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Ukunciphisa inani labadala, ungasebenzisa imichilo yeglue ephuzi, lapho izinambuzane ziwela khona, ziphazanyiswe ngokunyakazisa amahlamvu. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kuphela kunikeza umphumela oqinisekisiwe.
UFuchsia "uLady in Black". © vanmeuwenIsicabucabu esibomvu
Lesi sinambuzane esincane kakhulu i-arthropod (0.25-0.4 mm) ngombala obomvu, otholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Umkhaza utswelisa amajusi esitshalweni. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga limbozwa kuqala amachashazi afohlekile, kancane kancane indawo yokulimala iyanda, amabala ahlangana, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi afe. Iwebhu emhlophe engabonakali kwesinye isikhathi ivela ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Kaningi, umkhaza usebenza ezimeni ezomile ekushiseni okuphezulu kwesitshalo.
Izindlela zokulawula
- Ukucubungula (fafaza) isitshalo esinamalungiselelo “Agravertin”, “Fitoverm”, “Confidor”.
- Susa amaqabunga athintekile.
Ukuvimbela: Ukufafaza njalo kwe-fuchsia ngamanzi afudumele.
UFuchsia “I-Blue Angel”Ukubola kwezimpande
I-Fuchsia ithanda ukuchelela okuningi futhi okujwayelekile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kusuka ekuxineni ngokweqile ku-fuchsia, ukubola kwezimpande fungal kwenzeka. Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziveza lokhu: amaqabunga aba yingozi futhi alahlekelwe ukwenqena, naphezu komhlaba omanzi. Isitshalo sifa ngokushesha
Izindlela zokulawula
- Ngeshwa, lesi sitshalo kaningi asikwazi ukulondolozwa, kungaba ngokunisela umthetho noma ngokufakelwa. Ngisho nokusikwa okuvela ezitshalweni ezinjalo, njengomthetho, akusasithathi izimpande.
