Uhlobo lwalezi zitshalo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu kuphela, ngasinye sazo esikhula zasendle entshonalanga neNyakatho Melika. I-sea buckthorn yolwandle ibizwa ngokuhlukile ezweni lakubo, kepha igama “elijwayele” libhekwa njenge- “bison berry” (ngesiNgisi “buffaloberry”).
I-Shepherdia, njenge-sea buckthorn ene-goof, ingeyamalungu omndeni oncelayo, futhi izici zawo ezihlukanisiwe zingamaqabunga esiliva aphezulu namajikijolo aphuzi. In iningi le-CIS, ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo amancane kuphenduka umuncu, kepha eningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine bathola ubumnandi. Izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zintathu zibonakaliswa ngokuhlobisa, zidala ithemba lokusetshenziswa kwaso njengesihlahla sokuhlobisa endaweni ephakathi yeRussian Federation.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Iselusi eselusayo - izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, zikhulu impela, ezinqumayo, ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye ezifana nolwandle i-sihlahla sivame ukutholakala. Ubungako bomuthi wabantu abadala bufika kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, kepha imvamisa sihlahla esihle esihlesiweyo esinameva, amakhasi anwele aminyene nesiqu sesiliva.
Umbala wezimbali ezincane uphuzi, ukuhlangana kwamadoda ngama-spikelets amafushane, futhi abesifazane bavame ukutholakala bodwa. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlamvu futhi sithathe izinsuku ezingama-20. Izithelo zibonakaliswa umbala obomvu okhanyayo, ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu okunoshukela nokumuncu kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-0.6, amaningi awo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo, izinhlobo zingena zisuka eminyakeni eyi-10.
UMelusi waseCanada imfushane kakhulu ngesiqu, siyisihlahlana esikhephukile esingaba ngu-150 cm ukuphakama, sinobisi obunsundu, hhayi obomvana. Iqhakaza kusuka ngo-Ephreli, futhi kuze kube yilapho amaqabunga eqhuma. Amaqabunga apendwe ngesiliva kuphela engaphansi, ngaphezulu acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani.
Zihlobisa kakhulu, ebezingashaywa mkhuba ngabalimi, hhayi eMelika kuphela, kepha nasezweni lethu, ikakhulukazi njengoba lolu hlobo, ngaphezu kwalokho, luyakwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa kakhulu. Amajikijolo anombala obomvu ophuzi kanye nokunambitheka okungathandeki kakhulu (okuyi-edible), kuvame ukuxutshwa nentukuthelo ekhanyayo.
Umelusi - Isihlahla eside, esifiphekayo esinamagatsha ahlukaniswe phakathi, lapho kunembobo eminyene yamaqabunga aluhlaza oyindilinga. Ingaphezulu lamapheshana linamacembe aqhuma warty.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo ziyaqhakaza futhi zithela izithelo kakhulu, zincike kakhulu emhlabathini lapho isiqongo samajikijolo avuthiwe, azidliwanga, futhi zibilisiwe. Kuyamangaza ukuthi, naseMelika, lo malusi utholakala cishe kuphela endaweni yeColorado Plateau.
Ulwandle lwe-sihlahla sivame ukutholakala kokutshala kanye nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Shepherd silvery silvery ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezigqamile nezomile, ezihlotshiswe ngocingo oluvela emimoyeni yasebusika. Izinhlobo zemvelo zaseMelika zinobunzima obuncane bokubusika kunezilimo ezifuywayo.
Uma utshala i-Shepherdia eduze nolwandle i-sihlahla sivame ukutholakala, ukungaboli kwemvelo ngeke kwenzeke. Ukupholisa izitshalo zesifazane eziyizi-7 000, owesilisa oyedwa unele. Imvamisa, izitshalo zesifazane ezi-1 nezimbili zitshalwa esakhiweni.
Isihlahla ngokuphelele asidingi kuniselwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umswakama omile endaweni yezimpande uzowunqanda. Mayelana nalokhu, akukhuthazwa ukuthi uyitshale ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi asondelene nomhlaba, futhi ezimweni ezinenhlabathi esindayo nobumba, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuphuma kwamanzi okuvamile ngokusebenzisa imisele. Enye yemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhula kwe-sihlahla sasendlebeni saseMelika ukungabi bikho ngokuphelele kokugcwala kwamanzi.
Ingadi ye-Blueberry nayo iyi-berry ewusizo kakhulu, etshalwa ngempumelelo lapho utshala futhi unakekela emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma ulandela yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, isitshalo sinikeza isivuno esihle. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo zokukhula nokunakekelwa kule ndatshana.
UMelusi Primer
Ngokuyinhloko, noma yimuphi umhlabathi ulungele ukutshala, ngoba ukuthela izithelo kunganala kuyo yonke isihlabathi nobumba. Izimo zokuthuthuka kwezilokazana ezisencane zingathuthukiswa ngokuvula umhlabathi osondelene nesiqu kuze kube ngu-6 cm (akusekho lutho, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lungahlobo lomphezulu) nokususa ukhula lapho.
Ungqimba lwe-mulch olungamasentimitha ayi-5 nalo luzosiza. Kubalulekile lapho amahlumela avela ezimpandeni ebonakala ezisebenzisa ngokushesha njengezinto zokutshala, noma umane uzisiphule ngokumba ngokucophelela umhlabathi kuze kube sekuhlanganeni kwehlumela ngezimpande ezisikiwe futhi unqume ama-secateurs okuqala ngaphansi kwesisekelo ukuze kwesokunxele hemp. Imigodi ebangelwa bese ibuyiselwa emhlabeni.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Shepherdia
Ngokuphathelene ukufakelwa kwezimpande kwezimpande, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo iyona ndlela engcono kakhulu yokusatshalaliswa kwe-Shepherdia. Kukhiqizwa kungaba ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo, noma ngezinsuku zokuqala zika-Okthoba, lapho isihlahla sikamama "sikhululiwe" enzalweni futhi kukhethwe onamandla kakhulu kubo.
Leli hlumela kufanele litshalwe ngokushesha endaweni engapheli, isetshenziswe ngokushesha ekutshaleni indawo engapheli. Uhlelo lwezimpande lubonakala ngokuba khona kwamaqhubu amancane, okubalulekile ukugcina ungachemile, wenza ukunyakaza nokutshala izithombo.
Ububanzi nokujula komgodi wokutshala kufanele kube cishe ama-50-60 cm, ngaphandle kokudonsa, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezithombo lingamamitha ayi-1,5. Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze izimpande ngenhlabathi evundile, bese unisela izithombo. Ekupheleni, kumele zigaye izigaxa, zisebenzisa i-peat, humus noma umquba obolile.
Umanyolo we-Shepherdia
Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo wenhlabathi ophelelwe ngamakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo ngesikhathi sokutshala ngamabhakede amabili noma amathathu we-humus noma umquba. Impela, phansi komgodi kuleli cala kufanele kube ngokujulile, futhi lokhu kufanele kunakekelwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Akusekho ukondla nge-chefhedria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinikela ngokwayo i-nitrogen, ngokuba yizibopho ezifanekisanayo ne-nitrogen-fixing unicellular (ngokufanekisa ne-legumes).
Ukulima okwalusa
Ekugcineni, izihlahla kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekelwa kwe-chefhedria. Ukususa amagatsha amadala aphukile kufanele kwenziwe minyaka yonke, kanye nalokhu, uma kunesidingo, ukugcina ukwakheka kwesihlahla kwesihlahla / isihlahla.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yale nqubo iwunciphisa amagatsha abopha umqhele - yonke into efriziwe, ephukile futhi ebekwe ngaphansi komhlaba ingaphansi kokuthenwa. Kulokhu, ezihlahleni ezikhiqiza izilimo, kuyenezelwa ukwehla ngezikhathi ezithile komqhele, kuphakamisa ukuthi amagatsha aholele ekuphakameni ngamagatsha aseceleni ayafinyezwa.
Ukwehlisa umqhele endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2-2,5 kungasiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo nokukha amajikijolo. Ngokubambisene nokukhula kokukhula kwamagatsha we-axial ne-lateral ngesikhathi sokuguga, kunconywa ukuthi ziphinde zenziwe kabusha ngokufinyeza ngezinkuni ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu kuyo yonke iminyaka engu-7 yokuphila. Uma umqhele wehla, kuphela iziqu namagatsha akhula ngokuthe xaxa kufanele ashiywe lapho izihlahla. Izinyathelo ezichaziwe azigcini ngokuqinisa impilo yesihlahla, kodwa futhi zinomthelela ekwandisweni kwamajikijolo, ubuningi bezithelo.
Ukukhethwa kuka-Shepherdia berry
Amajikijolo avunwa ngoSepthemba. Ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu, eziningi kakhulu zazo, futhi kufikelwa isifiso esingenakuvinjwa sokuqoqa ngokushesha konke.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngendlela, kuyodingeka ukuthi ube nesigaxa esikhulu ongasibeka ngaphansi kwesihlahla bese unquma izithelo lapho. Esihlahleni esidala thola ama-12-14 kg amajikijolo.
Yalusa ubulukhuni busika
Isiliva leselusi isitshalo esomisa kakhulu ebusika. Iyakwazi ukubekezelela isithwathwa kuya ku -45 ℃, ngakho-ke, eRussian Federation ikhula ngaphandle kobunzima emikhakheni yezifunda eziningi.
Okuhlukile, mhlawumbe, iSiberia, nangaphandle kweMoscow kungashiwo ukuthi le indawo enhle yokukhulisa isihlahla sezithelo okukhulunywa ngaso.
Ukutshala imbewu kaMelusi
Umalusi wesiliva ukhiqizwa ngosizo lwembewu, ukusikwa noma, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inzalo yezimpande. Futhi, lapho ulungiselela izinto zokutshala, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe nge-dioeciousness, okungukuthi, izithombo zowesilisa nabesifazane (ukusikwa, inzalo) kuyadingeka.
Indlela yembewu ifaka ukulindelwa kokuvuthwa kwezithelo, ukwahlukaniswa kwembewu kubo nokuhlwanyela maphakathi nekwindla enhlabathini evundile. Kunconywa ukumboza izitshalo ngamahlamvu awile noma i-agrofibre engalukwanga.
Izithombo ezivele entwasahlobo kufanele zinakekelwe ngokucophelela, zikhiphe futhi zinisele lonke ihlobo, futhi ebusika kufanele zimbozwe. Ukuhluma, kungcono ukhethe indawo evundile lapho, phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1-1,5, i-chefhedria izothola amandla anele. Ngemuva kwalokho ingadluliselwa kunoma yisiphi isayithi esivele unomphela.
Ukusakazeka kukaMelusi ngokusika
Ukuvuna ukusika okwenziwe entwasahlobo. Iziqu zezimbali ezincane eziluhlaza ezisukela ku-15-20 cm ubude kusuka ezihlahleni ezinempilo / izihlahlana zombili ubulili zitshalwe zodwa. Uma, ngaphambi kokutshala, zimataniswe kwi-biostimulator yokwenziwa kwezimpande, kanti nokutshala kwenziwa enhlabathini enomswakama ecebile izakhi zomzimba, zizosikwa kalula.
Ungangezelela futhi amathuba okuqothula ngokusebenzisa izimbiza zeglasi noma usike amabhodlela epulasitiki njengesembozo. Isikhathi esithile sizodlula, futhi amaqabunga okuqala azoqala ukuvela - ubufakazi obukhulu bokuthuthuka ngempumelelo. Musa ukujaha ukususa indawo yokukhosela, ezigabeni zokuqala lokhu kwenziwa kuphela ngenhloso yokungena komoya. Lapho kufika ukushisa, isiqu esikhulayo siyisithunzi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Isilivere yeselusi ayithintwa yiziphi izinambuzane. Kulesi sitshalo esigxilile futhi esiqinile, izifo azivamile.
Yalusa impahla yesiliva ewusizo
I-Shepherdia ayifihli izici ezizuzayo zamajikijolo ayo, njengoba kubonakala kwimibala yabo ebukekayo. AmaNdiya aqala ukubabona futhi bawazisa ekudleni kwabo okunempilo, okwabasiza ukuba badlule izifo eziningi. Yize ukunambitheka kutholakala ngamajikijolo, kade kubanda, okuwusizo kakhulu kukhethwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kumuncu, kube nemiphumela emnandi ebabayo.
Lezi yizo ezigcwala ushukela, ama-tannins, ama-organic acid kanye novithamini C. Okuqukethwe kwezokugcina kuguqula umsebenzi wobuciko ovela olwandle i-buckthorn ejwayelekile kithi sonke - iphakeme kaningana. Ngakho-ke, ngokudla amajikijolo e-Shepherdia njengokudla, umuntu usiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba futhi uvuselela umzimba. Futhi amanani andayo e-carotene anika umfutho ekwakhekeni kukavithamini A, onomthelela omuhle kumishini yokubonakalayo nezicubu zesikhumba - ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwezithelo ze-chefhedria, ungafinyelela ubushelelezi bawo nokugquma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-antiseptic, heestatic, anti-inflammatory, choleretic kanye ne-diuretic yezokwelapha izakhiwo zamajikijolo, amandla abo okwandisa ukumelana nokuqina kwemithambo yegazi nama-capillaries kuyabonakala. Ngenxa yento ekhethekile - i-tetrahydroharmol etholakala kumajikijolo, umthombo wemiphumela yawo wengqondo emzimbeni usunguliwe.
Ukupheka kwe-sea sihlahla sivame ukubomvu
Ekuphekeni, vele, bekungekho ndawo yale berry enhle. Uhlu lokupheka lapho i-Shepherdia livela luhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zeziphuzo, izitsha zenyama nokunye.
Ngosuku olushisayo lwasehlobo, ungabonga umphumela ongenakuphela wokomisa wesiphuzo amajikiji alesi sihlahla, alungiselelwe kanjena:
- sithatha amagremu ama-500 amajikijolo bese siwafaka epanini eligcwele amalitha ama-2 amanzi;
- faka ingxube esitofini, ulethe ngamathumba;
- engeza ama-3 kg kashukela;
- yekela ukuphola.
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isiphuzo siqeda ngokuphelele ukoma, futhi sinomphumela wokugaya.
Sauce kaMelusi
Ukulungiselela isoso esiphundu nelinempilo, udinga amagremu angama-200 amajikijolo amasha. Zidinga ukudluliswa nge-grinder yenyama, bese uthele isisindo esiphumela epanini. Sifudumeza ukushisa okuphansi, singeza usawoti, ushukela kanye nopelepele, kususelwa kokuthandwayo.
Ungenza isisindo ukuba sikhulu ngokwengeziwe ngokuxuba izipuni ezi-2 zikafulawa ngamanzi bese uwathulula ku-sauce elungiselelwe. Kuyavusa, siyaqhubeka nokukufudumeza kusesimweni se-liquid. Faka ekunambithekeni kwezinongo namabhotela. Isoso selikulungele ukudla nezitsha zenyama nezinhlanzi.
