Ubisi kungumkhiqizo ongabizi futhi ongabizi, isipho semvelo. Ingakanani inkomo enikeza ubisi ngosuku, futhi yimalini imfuyo edingekayo ukunikeza imikhiqizo yobisi kubantu bamazwe amaningi? Ukudalwa kwezinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu nezimo zomhlambi wobisi zikuvumela ukusuka enkomeni eyodwa kuya kumalitha angama-80 obisi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokuphaka nokuzigcina.
Yini enquma ukukhiqiza izinkomo
Ukugcina ibhakede lenkomo endlini kusho ukuba nobisi, ukhokho ushizi, ukhilimu omuncu etafuleni izinyanga eziyishumi ngonyaka. Udoti wonyaka unikeza umndeni inyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhethwa indodakazi enempilo, ekhuliswa ukuba ithathe indawo yenkomo esegugile futhi ilahlekelwe. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kanye nomlingisi wesilwane kuyifa. Omakhelwane bakulungele ukuthenga isithole enkomeni enhle ngaphandle kokubopha.
Izinhlobo eziningana ezikhiqiza ngokukhethekile ziyaziwa emhlabeni:
- IGolshtinsky - ubisi nsuku zonke luza ku-110 kg;
- I-Yaroslavskaya - ifinyelela kuma-62 kg;
- I-Kholmogorskaya - ifinyelela kuma-78 kg.
Kepha lesi isivuno esikhulu sobisi somuntu osezingeni eliphezulu lokukhishwa kwesisu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle. Izinhlobo ezikhiqizayo zidinga ukondla okhethekile nokunakekelwa. Izinhlobo zasendaweni zilungele indawo yokuhlala yasekhaya, zingakhiqizi kangako, kepha zihambisana nesimo sezulu sale ndawo. Ngakho-ke, inkomo yaseYakut enobude obuncane enoboya obude obukhulu ku-roughage, iklaba isembozo seqhwa esitebekile. Inkomo engakanani inika ubisi ngosuku? Okokukhiqiza ubisi olu-2 amalitha obisi, ebusika kuyasinda noma otshanini obandayo.
Izinkomo ze-Simmental zithathwa njengezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Bayimpahla yaseSwitzerland. Lapho ubisi lwe-5000 l / ngonyaka, lunokuqukethwe kwamafutha ngo-3.8-4%.
Izimpawu zokukhiqiza ubisi oluphezulu lapho ukhetha umhlengikazi kuzoba yilezi:
- umzimba uphakeme futhi uthambile ezinhlangothini;
- imilenze yinde, isisu siqondile, inhloko icocekile, ilula;
- intamo mncane, isikhumba esigoqiwe;
- umhlane uqondile, ithambo eliqhakazile, izimbambo ezisolayo;
- isibeletho senkomo sibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwezimpawu namaphawu, isikhumba nezingono zihlanzekile, kukhona imigoqo, indawo yokubekelela lapho ifa.
Ekuhlolweni, inkomo akufanele ikhahleke kodwa. Isimo sobumpunga besilwane ngeke silethe injabulo ekukhulumisaneni. Ukukhathazeka ngesilwane kungaba yindlela yokusabela ebuhlungwini ngesikhathi sokuthinta, lokhu kufanele kuqwashise abathengi.
Iyiphi inkomo ethathwa njengeyilungele ikhaya
Isikhombisi esiyinhloko kuzoba ukuthi inkomo inika ubisi kangakanani ngosuku. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi imvelo ibeke ukucaphuna kuzakhi zofuzo zenkomo ukondla inzalo. Ngoba ithole ubisi esilutholayo. Ngakho-ke, isivuno sobisi esivela enkomeni siyehluka kuye ngeskhathi isikhathi sokuzala, ukuthi uyaphinda futhi uzale inzalo.
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukunambitheka kanye nokuqukethwe kwamafutha obisi enkomeni. Ukunambitheka kuncike ekudleni okondliwe. Okuqukethwe okunamafutha obisi, noma ngesikhathi esisodwa sokusengwa, kuyashintsha. Okokuqala, kuboniswa ubisi olunamafutha amancane. Amafutha, ubisi olungaphansi. Lokhu yilokho abanciphisela kuze kwehle okokugcina, ukuvimba ukukhula kwe-mastitis ezindaweni ezimile.
Amafutha e-Vologda adumile akunakwenzeka ukuthi afinyelele noma kuphi ngaphandle kweVologda. Imfucumfucu ekhethekile engafakwanga inikezwa amakhambi endawo ngobisi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lapho inkomo ikhiqiza kakhulu, kwehlisa okuphakathi kwamafutha obisi. Ekhaya, okuqukethwe okunamafutha obisi kuya ngefa, kepha okuphakelayo kungalungiswa. Kukhulisa okuqukethwe kwamafutha we-hay namadlelo kuma-glade amahlathi, esitebhisini esinamakhambi kanye nezikhukhula zezikhukhula. Uma inkomo ithola isengezo se-bran yeast, inyama echotshoziwe ne-feed ekhethekile ekhethiwe, okuqukethwe kwamafutha nokukhiqiza ubisi kukhula. Ukutholwa kwansuku zonke kasawoti wethebula wama-gramu angama-70-90 ngenkomo ngayinye kuyadingeka ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi.
E-Russia, inyama nobisi lwe-Bestuzhev yohlobo lwezinkomo kufanele kubhekwe njengokukhiqiza. Ukukhiqiza lo mzala kungama-600-700 kg ngonyaka. Emkhakheni wasekhaya, izinkunzi zinesisindo esingama-700 kg. Izinhlobo zizalaniswa ezifundeni zase Samara nase Ulyanovsk, Tatarstan, Bashkiria.
Ngokomzimba, okuqukethwe okunamafutha obisi enkomeni kuphezulu ngenyanga yokuqala yokuqunjelwa, bese kuncipha ezinyangeni ezi-2, kepha kukhona ubisi oluningi. Ukusuka ezinyangeni ezi-4, isivuno sobisi kancane kancane siqala ukuwa, futhi okuqukethwe ukhilimu obisini kuyakhuphuka. Futhi lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuze kube yilapho umhlengikazi enika uhhafu welitha lobisi. Kube sekufika ukoma. Imvamisa, isikhathi somile siqala izinyanga ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuzala. Kepha ngenkathi kukhona ubisi, awukwazi ukuphonsa ukucwilisa, ukuvuvukala kwemisele yobisi kungenzeka.
Ungawukhetha kanjani umshini wokusenga wezinkomo
Uma kunezinkomo ezi-1-2 egcekeni lasekhaya, izindleko zokuhanjelwa komshini ngomshini okhethekile wokusengela ubisi. Ukukhulula umbele ebeleni kungumsebenzi onzima. Iminwe nemisipha yezandla iyakhathala. Kuyadingeka ubisi lwebele, akunakwenzeka ukweqa isikhathi sokusenga, isivuno esilandelayo sobisi sizoba sincane. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lula umsebenzi, kwasungulwa umshini wokusenga. Idonsa ngamandla izingono ngesikhathi sokusengwa kudala umuzwa wokuncanywa ythole futhi iqoqe ubisi ebhakedeni.
Kunezindlela ezi-2 zokuncela ubisi emibeleni: ngaphansi kovalo futhi uthambile. Indlela yokukhipha unhlangothi-ntathu ngokomzimba ifana nokuncela ithole noma ukuncelisa ibisi. Ulimaza izingono kancane. Yonke imishini yokusenga inemisindo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunikeza inkomo isikhathi ukuze uyijwayele inqubo, ukuvula umshini kusenesikhathi lapho usenga ngesandla. Ukusebenza kokufaka kwehlulelwa yimiphumela:
- ijubane nokuphelela kokukhishwa;
- ukuthembeka kokulungisa izibuko ezingonweni;
- degree kanye nemvelo yomsindo.
Intengo yomshini wokusenga wezinkomo incike ohlotsheni lokufakwa nasekuhlelweni kwayo. Hhayi njalo ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ihambelana nentengo.
Imfihlo yokuncelisa umhlengikazi wasekhaya
Ugqoke kahle, uboshwe nge-apron ngebhakede, kuvela inkosikazi ehlahleni. Ishaye inkomo, imtshele amazwi anomusa, ihlanze umbele ngamanzi afudumele, isule ngethawula elinzima. Ngemuva kwalokho, wenza isisa, eshaya umbele futhi asiguqule ngokushukuma komnene. Inkomo yakhululeka, isisu sayo sawela, futhi inkosikazi yavele yahlala eduze kwezinyawo zomhlengikazi.
Ungayisebenzisa kanjani ubisi inkomo ukuze inikeze lonke ubisi? Isakramente lokuxhumana phakathi kwesilwane nomuntu akufanele liphazamiswe yizingxoxo zangaphandle nezilwane ezifuywayo. Kancane kancane futhi ngobumnene, umgcini wendwendwe ukhulula ibele emthwalweni wobisi. Kusulwe ngethawula, izingono zigcinwe nge-vaseline yezobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kwamakha. Inkomazi iyadatshulwa futhi inikezwe ibhakede le-swill elimnandi nge-fur mash noma i-bran. Ingakanani inkomo enika ubisi ngosuku kuncike ekuxhumaneni kwayo nomninikhaya.
