Abanikazi abaningi ekwakhiweni kwendlu yangasese noma ekotishi bakhetha isisekelo samabhulokhi e-FBS njengesisekelo, esifanelekile ezakhiweni ezincane ezinegumbi elilodwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinketho, kufanelana ngokushesha nangokwengeziwe, yize kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwephawundi yeloli ukufaka amabhlogo asindayo. Isifinyezo esithi "FBS" simelela "isisekelo sodonga lwesisekelo", esikwenza kucace inhloso esemqoka yalokhu okwakha.
Yini isisekelo samabhulokhi we-FBS
I-FBS yigumbi likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe, elakhiwe embonini futhi lihambisana ngokuphelele nezidingo eziqinile zeGosstandart zokukhiqizwa kwezakhiwo zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe (ibanga likakhonkolo 7.5 V). Engxenyeni engenhla, umkhiqizo ngamunye unezihluthulelo zensimbi ezimbili ezidingekayo ekuphakamiseni kwawo i-crane noma i-winch yokwakha. Amasayizi amabhlokhi we-FBS wesisekelo alawulwa yi-GOST 13015.2-81, futhi sekuphelele kukhona amasayizi angaphezu kwama-20.
Okuvame kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo osayizi:
- 280x300x279 mm. (80 kg);
- 380x300x580 mm. (100 kg).
Lezi zinhlobo zombili zikulungele kahle ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe, ngakho-ke, zisetshenziselwa kabanzi ekwakhiweni okuphansi kwezindlu zezwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isabelomali sokwakhiwa kwesisekelo esinjalo asihlukile kakhulu kunesiko lomdweshu wendabuko, isisekelo sebhlokhi kusuka kumabhulokhi aqediwe sakhiwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esibekiwe sokuqedwa kwento yokwakha eseqediwe siyancishiswa, okuvumela abanikazi ukuthi bahlale ngokushesha endlini eseqediwe.
Ukuthenga udonga i-FBS kufanele kube kumkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa kuphela onganikeza isitifiketi sekhwalithi yezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe eziqinisiwe. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukuzethemba kokuhambisana kwabo nezidingo eziqinile zokulawula ze-GOST 13579-78.
Ngokuya ngamandla, amabhlokhi we-FBS alahlekelwa izisekelo zikakhonkolo ezimbalwa eziqinisiwe, kepha angasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwendaba eyodwa. Isisekelo esinjalo sihle kakhulu ezindlini ezakhiwe ngezitini zobumba, amatshe egobolondo, amagwebu kanye namabhulokhi kakhonkolo aerated, kanye nezingodo ezihlanganisiwe. Lapho kwakhiwa isisekelo kusuka emabhuloki e-FBS, akudingekile ukulinda ukhonkolo ukuthi uqinise, ngoba amabhlogo alethwa esakhiweni esivele sigcwalisiwe.
Onke amabhlogo aboshelwe ndawonye ngokwakhiwa kwesimende-kwesihlabathi, okuqinisekisa ukuvalwa kwawo wonke imifantu futhi kwenza itepi liqine.
Izinzuzo eziphambili ze-FBS block
Lapho ukhetha impahla yokwakha isisekelo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amabhlokhi e-FBS:
- isivinini esikhulu sokubekwa kwesisekelo;
- asikho isidingo sokufaka i-formwork;
- ayithonyelwanga yizimo zezulu, ngoba kungenzeka ukubeka amapuleti nganoma isiphi isikhathi (iqhwa nemvula akuyona into ekuvimbayo ukusebenza);
- ukutholakala kokusebenzisa cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi;
- ikhwalithi ephezulu yezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqediwe (amandla, ukuqina kwephiko).
Ukuze uhlaziye amabhlogo anjalo, kufanele kushiwo ngamanye amaminithi aqukethwe kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Ngenhlanhla, abaningi babo, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ngabo:
- Isidingo sokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile.
- Ubunzima ekusikeni kokhonkolo ama-PBS slabs, ngoba bunobukhulu obuphakeme.
Ukuhlela umsebenzi ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo esinjalo kuzodinga iqembu labantu abaningana, futhi kubalulekile lapha ukubheka ngokuqinile izinyathelo zokuphepha.
Izici zokwakhiwa kwesisekelo semabhulokhi
Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwesisekelo esifanele samabhulokhi e-FBS kuphela okungaqinisekisa:
- amandla ayo nokuqina kwayo;
- ukumelana nemiphumela emibi yomswakama ophezulu nezinye izinto.
Isisekelo esinjalo sifanelwe kahle nenhlabathi enesihlabathi, noma kunjalo, amabhlogo wokwakha avunyelwe ukusebenzisa amabhlogo we-PBS enhlabathini yobumba. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi kubalulekile ukujula isisekelo ngokwanele ukuvikela isisekelo ukuthi singakhungulwa ngenxa yokuqandeka kwenhlabathi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amabhlogo enziwe ngokhonkolo osindayo, okubonakalayo kuyinto enhle, ngakho-ke umswakama owedlulele ungawulimaza futhi ulimaze umthamo wokuzala. Ngalesi sizathu, izisekelo ezivela emabhuloki e-FBS ezakhiweni eziphansi zokwenyuka kufanele zingavunyelwa ngamanzi ngezinto ezikhethekile noma amakhompiyutha we-bituminous. Ngenxa yalokhu, impilo yenkonzo yesisekelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho isakhiwo sisonke, izoba ngaphezulu.
Amabhulokhi we-FBS angasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ekwakheni isisekelo, kepha nezindonga. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi indlu ithola amandla ahlukile nokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu.
Isinyathelo-sinyathelo ngesinyathelo ekwakheni isisekelo kusuka kumabhulokhi e-FBS
Uma uhlela ukwenza ukufakwa kwe-FBS ngezandla zakho, umnikazi kufanele ahlanganise iphrojekthi ngaphandle kokuhluleka. Kuzobonisa imininingwane ngosayizi wesisekelo nokulungiswa kwayo.
Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile ngalezi zinhloso. Benza ukuthi sikwazi ukubala ngokunembile inombolo edingekayo yamabhulokhi e-FBS.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kufanele kubhekwe:
- uhlobo lomhlabathi;
- izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba;
- ukujula komhubhe wamabhukhimakhi kuvimbela i-FBS;
- ukuba khona kwemigwaqo yokungena yemishini (iloli crane).
Uma sithinta imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yesisekelo kusuka emabhuloki e-FBS, khona-ke lapha singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izigaba eziningana. Ngamunye wabo kufanele atholwe nawo wonke umthwalo wemfanelo.
Emhlabeni
Isigaba sokuqala ukusebenza komhlaba. Inikezela ngokuhlanza isiza kusuka kumfucumfucu ngokweqile kanye nezinto ezingadingekile. Okulandelayo, umaki wenziwa ngohlobo. Kubandakanya ukufakwa kwezikhonkwane kanye nomugqa wokudweba welayini kububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle bamabhulokhi. Ukujula kwe-FBS ngokwesilinganiso kungamamitha angama-0.8-1. Ukujula kuya ngesilinganiso sekhaza lomhlabathi.
Esikhathini sendawo yangaphakathi kunconyelwa ukususa izinga lomhlaba ovundile lujule ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Bese ugcwalisa le ndawo ngegravel noma amatshe
Lapho kwakhiwa isisekelo kusuka kumabhulokhi we-FBS, umuntu kufanele asondele kakhulu ekuthini kwakhiwe okwakhe. Ukuqina kwamabhulokhi nokungasebenzi kwawo kuzoncika kulokhu. Emhlabathini onzima, isihlabathi nokuxhaswa ngogravel kuvame ukwenziwa, ku-8-10 cm obukhulu.Ukuqinisa amandla nokwenziwa kwengqimba yokuqala kuyadingeka. Uma inhlabathi ithambile noma i-hewing (ubumba), kunconywa ukwenza umqamelo kokhonkolo, othelwa ngodaka bese uqiniswa.
Uma umcamelo ugcwaliswa, kuyodingeka ukulinda ukuqina kogqinsi kokhonkolo - izinsuku ezingama-21.
Ukufakwa kwe-FBS kuvimba
Lapho isisekelo sesilungile, qhubekela ekufakweni kwesisekelo se-precast strip kusuka emabhuloki e-FBS. Ukufakwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-crane yokwakha, ebeka lokho ezindaweni ezifanele. Ngesikhathi senqubo, abasebenzi balungisa izindawo zamabhulokhi. Ukulungiswa kwamabhulokhi phakathi kwawo kwenziwa ngodaka nosimende. Izinga lokusebenzisa cishe amalitha ayi-10-15. ingxube ngebhlokhi elilodwa.
Umsebenzi udinga ukunemba nokunakekelwa. Wonke amapuleti kufanele afakwe ngokuhambisana namamaki, okuzovumela ukubuka ngokufanele ukubonwa kwejometri yesakhiwo. Endleleni, kufanele uvale ngokushesha konke ukuqhekeka emabhulokini ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Lokhu kuzosusa ukwakheka ngengozi kwama-voids angenasidingo.
Ukuvimbela amanzi
Ukuze ungafaki umphumela omubi womswakama emabhuloki e-PBS, kufanele angavinjwa amanzi nakanjani. Ngalezi zinhloso, i-mastic ewuketshezi ngokusetshenziselwa ibhitume ijwayele ukusetshenziswa. Ushaya yonke ingxenye engezansi yesisekelo sikakhonkolo. Kulokhu, zombili izindonga zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zamabhlokhi kufanele ziphathwe. Kuyadingeka nje ukuthola isisekelo esiqinile.
Ezifundeni ezinemvula eyandayo, amashidi ezincwadi zokuphahla angasetshenziswa njengobubanzi obungeziwe bokunqanda amanzi.
Ngokusekelwe kokushiwo ngenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi isisekelo somucu wamabhulokhi kakhonkolo i-FBS senza sikwazi ukuthola isisekelo esiqinile nesithembekile sezakhiwo ezincane zendaba eyodwa. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubhekisisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nokulandelana komsebenzi wokwakha. Nakisisa ukuthengwa kwamabhulokhi, kanye nokuhlela kahle wonke umsebenzi. Ukuzijwayeza kuyaqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo esinjalo sisebenza isikhathi eside. Ukwazi ukwakha isisekelo kusuka kumabhulokhi ngendlela efanele, umuntu angathola isisekelo esizoba ukwesekwa okuthembekile kwendlu yangasese yangasese noma ikheji.
