Ngenxa yezimbali ezinamakha ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, i-freesia isibe ngesinye sezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokusika. Akumangazi ukuthi i-freesia, ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile okufana nokunakekela i-gladioli neminduze, kuya ngokuya kuvela ezindlini zasehlobo.
Izici ze-freesia ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
UFreesia odabuka ezwenikazi lase-Afrika uthanda ukukhanya, imfudumalo, edinga inhlabathi evulekile nokunisela okuvamile. Intuthuko eqinile nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kungalindelwa:
- nokukhanya kwemini okuhlala okungenani amahora ayi-12-14;
- phambi kokuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile kanye nomoya;
- emazingeni okushisa komoya kuhla lwe-18-22 ºC.
Ukwephulwa kokukhanya kwezinga lokushisa nezinga lokushisa, isikhathi eside sokushisa nesomiso, kuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-buds angenalutho, angaguquki ku-freesia noma ukwenqatshwa okugcwele kwezimbali.
Indawo ebanjwayo iyakhethwa ukuze iziqu ezintekenteke zesitshalo zingahlushwa umoya, nezimbali ezintekenteke zingashisi ilanga lasehlobo. Kakade ekushiseni komoya ngenhla kwe +22 ºC isigqi sebhayoloji sesitshalo sephulwe, futhi lokhu kuthinta ikhwalithi yezimbali.
Lapho ikhule endaweni evulekile, i-freesia ihlangana kangcono enhlabathini ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi. Ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi omningi osindayo, u-deoxidised futhi uxutshwe nesihlabathi kanye ne-peat. Izinhlabathi zimpofu endabeni yezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali empeleni afaka umanyolo.
Izitshalo azinzima. E-Russia, kufanele babhajwe ebusika, futhi bathelwe emhlabathini lapho usongo lokubuya kwezulu lokubanda nesithwathwa emhlabathini luphelile. Uma ukutshala emhlabathini kwenzeka ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ukuqhakaza kwe-freesia kuqala kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi kuya ekugcineni kuka-Agasti. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kusebenza kuphela ngeqembu eliphakathi. Ukubona izimbali ze-freesia ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela eSiberia, akuwona ama-bulpl afakwa emhlabathini, kepha izitshalo sezikhulile egumbini noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Ukulungiselela indawo yokutshala i-freesia emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo
Indawo yokutshala ama-freesias ikhethiwe emthunzini oyingxenye noma ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, otshalwe ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesihlahla eside noma izihlahla. Isithiyo esinjalo semvelo siyovikela izimbali emoyeni naselangeni lasemini.
Ekwindla, inhlabathi yokutshala i-freesia imbe ifinyelele ku-bayonet egcwele, ikhethe ngokucophelela ukhula lwenhlamvu yesikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, umanyolo we-organic ungezwa emigqonyeni noma embhedeni wezimbali. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi iphinde ibiwe, ihlukane namagoda. Ukutshala imigodi noma imisele ngaphansi kwama-bulbs kwenza ukujula nobubanzi obungama-30-40 cm. Noma ukujula kokutshala kuncane kakhulu, kugcwaliswa okungaxhunyiwe, okubandakanya izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi engadini, i-peat, humus nesihlabathi, umgodi uzovumela uhlelo lwezimpande nesitshalo sonke ukukhula.
Ukulungiselela ama-freesia ama ukuze kulinywe ngaphandle
Amabhuleki athengwe noma agcinwe ngemuva kokumbiwa ekwindla aqala ukulungiselela ukutshala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Basusa isikhumba sendawo esinzima, bese besicwiliswa kusisombululo se-phytosporin noma esinye isikhunta isigamu sehora. Lokhu kuqapha kuzovikela ama-bacterium kumagciwane abolayo kanye nesikhunta esihlala emhlabathini.
Izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba kufike isikhathi sokutshala i-freesia emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, ama-bulbs afakwa emiphongolweni ejulile ye-peat egcwele inhlabathi enempilo. Ukujula kokushumeka kungama-5 cm, isendlalelo esincane sitshekelwa kancane, bese siniselwa. Ngomswakama owandayo, i-freesia izovuka maduze bese iba amahlumela wokuqala. Manje yisikhathi sokuhambisa ama kukhanya.
Kubalulekile ukuthi amahlumela anganwebi ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini, aminyene futhi aphilile. Ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, izitshalo zinikeza ukukhanyisa okwengeziwe.
Ukutshala Imbewu yeFentsia
Njengezinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene, i-freesia ingasakazwa ngembewu. Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyelwa ukubonakala kwamahlumela okuqala, okungenani izinyanga eziyi-8-9 kufanele zidlule. Uma utshala i-freesia emhlabathini ekwindla, entwasahlobo, izitshalo esezithole amandla zithathwa ziyiswa engadini.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngembewu edalwe nge-potassium permanganate noma nge-phytosporin ekujuleni kuka-3-4 mm. Imiphumela engcono kakhulu ingatholakala ku-greenhouse yasekhaya, lapho kulula khona ukugcina umhlabathi ophezulu nomswakama womoya. Kuze kufike izithombo, qinisa inhlabathi ngesibhamu sokufafaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthambisa okuqondile nokukhanyisa okungenakufinyeleleka esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika kungenzeka. Ukutshala ama-freesias emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ubanakekele akuhlukile ekunakekeleni izitshalo ezivela kumabhuleki amadala.
Ukutshala kweFentsia nokunakekelwa kwangaphandle
Izimo zokutshala i-freesia kwi-flowerbed ezifundeni ezinezimpawu ezinhle zesimo sezulu zakhiwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukutshala i-freesia emhlabathini nokunakekela izitshalo kuqala maphakathi noMeyi.
Uma kunethuba lesithwathwa, izitshalo zamathenda zingcono kakhulu ezisele amasonto ambalwa ekhaya.
Amabhule atshalwe kude nge-3-5 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ama-Freesias awakhi isihlahla esixegayo, ngakho-ke ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu wokuhlobisa engadini yezimbali angatshalwa ngamakhethini amancane wezingcezu eziyi-10-15, angakhohlwa ukuhlinzeka ngeziqu ngosizo oluthembekile.
Ukwenza lula ukulungiswa emhlabathini ovulekile lapho utshala i-freesia yokusika, okungenani amasentimitha ayi-15 asele phakathi kwemigqa.
Ukujula kwama-anyanisi kuya ngosayizi wawo kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba.
- Kumalobho anesihlabathi esikhanyayo, i-freesia ingcwatshwa ngo-10 cm cm.
- Enhlabathini evundile evundile evundile, phansi isibani kufanele kube ngokujula kuka-7 cm.
- Emhlabathini ominyene, i-freesia kunzima kakhulu ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande futhi ihlume. Lapha ama atshalwe kumuntu obude obuyi-5-6 cm.
Ukunakekelwa nge-freesia uma isikhule endaweni evulekile
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala kuya kokumba ama-bulbs ekwindla, izimbali zidinga ukuthambisa, zikhulule umhlabathi, zisuse uhlaza lokhula nokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngenxa yokuqina kweziqu ezingenalutho ezithwele inqwaba yamahlumela, ukusekelwa kuyadingeka kuma-freesias.
Kubukeka sengathi ukuhamba okunjalo akuhlukeki cishe ekunakekeleni iminduze, irises, gladioli. Kepha i-freesia ekhulayo, kanye nokuyinakekela endaweni evulekile, kugcwele ubunzima.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izimbali ze-freesia zenzeka kuphela emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +22 ºC. Ukuze amaqabunga nezimbali zingathikamezeki ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, umoya kumele uhlale unomswakama, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi izitshalo zikwazi ukubekezelela ukuguquguquka okubukhali emazingeni okushisa asemini nasebusuku. Ngenxa yalezi zimpawu, imbali ivame ukuvuthwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo noma ngaphansi kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo.
Kusihlwa, i-freesia ivame ukuniselwa ngamanzi afudumele ngezikhathi zasebusuku, izama ukuthi kungangeni izimbali nama-buds angakavuli. Ukunisela kuqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela futhi kuphele amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokumba ama.
Ukuze uthole izimbali eziphezulu zokugqoka, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wokuhlobisa izimbali eziqhakazayo, noma ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, engeza ingxube nge-nitrogen, futhi eduze nehlobo, sebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-potassium-phosphorus.
Ukuze ama akwazi ukuvuthwa kangcono, bese isitshalo siqhakaza futhi, sidlula ngamunye ngamunye noma ngamaqembu sisikiwe. Ngokuncishiswa kwenqwaba, ama-inflorescence anama-corollas amabili noma ngaphezulu avulekile afanelekile. Unganciphisa noma ususe amaqabunga alinyazwe ukhunta noma izinambuzane. Amabhuleki ayembiwa ekwindla, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba, ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqhwa asebusuku.
