Ukutshala ubhontshisi oluhlaza esithombeni somhlaba ovulekileNgomkhuba onjengobhontshisi, abaningi bebelokhu bewujwayela kusukela ebuntwaneni. Isobho kuphekwe kulo, engezwe amasaladi, isitshulu, futhi walungisa. Ubhontshisi ungowomndeni wakwaLegume. Ikhula ngesimo sesitshalo noma isihlahla sokukhuphuka. Umbala wezithelo ungahluka, ngephethini ehehayo kakhulu.
Ubhontshisi uphakathi kokudla okuyishumi okunempilo kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe cishe kwamaphesenti ama-20%, kulingana inani lamandla enyama, ukubumbeka komkhiqizo olinganiselayo kunikeza izinto ezinhle cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomzimba.
Ubuchwepheshe obulula bezolimo nokungazinakekeli ekunakekelweni, amathuba okuthola isivuno esivulekile sezithelo ezinempilo nezinempilo - konke lokhu kukushukumisela ukuthi uthathe izingcezu zomhlaba wabhontshisi wakho esizeni sakho. Ngisho nomlimi we-novice uzokwazi ukubhekana nobhontshisi okhulayo. Ubhontshisi ulinywe ngempumelelo eBelarus, e-Ukraine, eMoscow Region, e-Urals ngisho naseSiberia.
Izinsuku zokutshala ubhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ubhontshisi utshala amahlumela wesithombe sentwasahlobo
Ubhontshisi uyisitshalo se-thermophilic. Utshalwe kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, lapho usongo lokuqandelwa yiqhwa seludlulile ngokuphelele. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi eliphakeme ukuthi amahlumela amancane akwazi ukusinda ngu-0 ° C, at -1 ° C amahlumela afe. Uma ngabe ukuqhwa bekufushane, khona-ke amahlumela azosinda, kepha ukuthuthuka kwawo kuzoncishiswa, okuzoba nomthelela omubi esithelweni.
Ukumboza ngefilimu, i-agrotextile noma ukwakha indawo yokukhosela yesikhashana kuzosiza ekuvikeleni ekwehleni okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, njengenketho - yenza umlilo ebusuku ukuze ubheme kuze kuse, lokhu kuzosiza ukususa amafrimu amancane wesikhashana.
Lapho utshala ubhontshisi, gxila ezimweni zezulu:
- Ngokujula okungama-10 cm, inhlabathi kufanele ifudumale ngo-12-15 ° C (ngokusho kokucatshwayo okujwayelekile, lokhu kucishe kufane nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwamabeles).
- Ukuqala ukuhlwanyela ngaphambili (esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kunomthelela omuhle kwisivuno), inhlabathi kufanele "ifudunyezwe" ngokumboza ngesimbozo sepulasitiki. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imibhede, amboze futhi kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lifinyelela ku +12 ° C.
Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili kufanele zihlwanyelwe kuqala, ngesonto kamuva ziqhubeke ngokutshala ama-curly. Izinhlobo zeShrub zinconywa ukuthi zihlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kukaJulayi (ngaleso sikhathi nje imibhede izosuswa ngemuva kokuvuna imifino esevuthiwe).
Izinsuku zokutshala ubhontshisi endaweni ephakathi nendawo nesifunda saseMoscow
Abalimi abanolwazi benza ukuhlwanyela ngezigaba eziningana. Kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ungahlwanyela ubhontshisi ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
Izinsuku zokutshala ubhontshisi eSiberia nase-Urals
Imbewu ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ngabe ngidinga ukuthoba ubhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala?
Ungawofaka kanjani ubhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala nokuthi ungahlungwa kanjani
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphandle kokukhula kwezithombo. Cwilisa ubhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala, cabanga ngokucophelela: Imbewu elungiselelwe kuzodingeka itshalwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu noma izinto ezivele ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, bala isikhathi sakho ukuze ungaphangi imbewu ngeze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu emanzi kudingeka itshalwe enhlabathini enomswakama, ngoba uma kungekho umswakama, amahlumela ayovele afe. Ngakho-ke, lapho utshala, unisela imithombo futhi utshale imbewu emanzi odakeni noma emanzini ngemuva kokutshala.
Ukuthola izithombo zangaphambilini nokuvikela amahlumela amasha ezifweni, kungakuhle ukuthi welaphe imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala.
Qhubeka nokwelashwa kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Inqubo yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:
- Kwimizuzu eyi-10, beka isisombululo esibuthakathaka sepinki se-potanganum permanganate, bese uhlanza ngamanzi.
- Ke amahora amabili cwilisa ukhuni ukumnika, hlamba futhi.
- Songa ngendwangu emanzi bese ushiya endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni kuze kuse.
- Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, gcobhoza isixazululo se-boric acid imizuzu emi-5.
Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthambisa ubhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala, cabanga ngalezi zinto:
- Uma utshala emhlabathini owomile futhi akukho amathuba okunisela, kungcono ukungawucwilisa.
- Uma lina maduze, futhi uqinisekile ukuthi unesikhathi sokuyitshala, ungayifaka futhi ungayiniseleli lapho utshala.
- Cwilisa ukufiseleka uma sekuhlwile, futhi ngifuna ukuthola amahlumela ngokushesha.
- Lapho utshala izindawo ezinkulu ensimini, kungcono ukungafaki, ngeke ube nesikhathi sokunisela, futhi imbewu ingafa ngokuswela umswakama esimeni sezulu esomile.
Ukukhetha Indawo Yokutshala Bean
Ukukhanya
Ukuhlakulela ubhontshisi, khetha indawo enokhanyo kahle, ugweme okubhaliwe kanye nomoya onamandla. Amahlumela asemncane azwela kakhulu kulokhu. Imvamisa ubhontshisi uhlwanyelwa eduze kwezingcingo, ngaphansi kwezihlahla zeapula.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi
Izinhlabathi zobumba ziyaphikisana ngoba azivumeli amanzi nomoya zidlule kahle, futhi nezimpande zezitshalo azikubekezeleli ukungaboli (zimane zibole). Inhlabathi evulekile enesendlalelo esingaphezulu esinempilo ifaneleka kahle.
Izandulelo
Naka izilimo ebezitshalwa ngaphambilini esizeni. Izinto ezandulelayo ezinkulu izaqathe, amazambane, ukhukhamba, upelepele, utamatisi, ne-isitshalo seqanda.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza sokutshala ubhontshisi
Ukulungiswa kwesiza kuqukethe ukumba ngokujula koswazi lwe-bayonet nokwenza enye inhlanganisela yezakhi (nge-1 m²):
- Umquba noma i-humus (ama-4 kg), izipuni ezi-2 ze-superphosphate nefulawa ye-dolomite, 1 isipuni se-ammonium nitrate.
- Cishe ama-2 kg we-humus noma umquba, 30 g we-superphosphate, u-20 g we-ash ash.
Uhlelo lokutshala ubhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nokujula kokufakwa
Ukutshala umdwebo wobhontshisi wesihlahla:
Ukutshala isithombe sobhontshisi wesihlahla
Izimbobo zenziwe ibanga elingama-20-25 cm, emgqeni-spacings zigcina ibanga elingama-40 cm ukujula kokutshala imbewu kabhontshisi kungama-5-6 cm.
Ukutshala I-Curly Beans Pattern:
Ungasitshala kanjani isithombe se-curly beans
Ezinhlotsheni ezinikeza umoya, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe cm 45-50.Bazodinga ukuxhaswa.
Emthonjeni ngamunye, beka imbewu eminingana (ama-5-6 ama-pcs), uthele amanzi afudumele. Lapho izithombo zivela futhi zinikeza iqabunga elilodwa langempela, shiya amahlumela ama-3 emgodini (okuseleyo kungatshalwa noma kumane kususwe).
Uhlelo lokutshala lwezintambo noma ubhontshisi we-asparagus
Ungasitshala kanjani isithombe seembotshana ze-asparagus
Kuyinto elula futhi ukutshala ubhontshisi oluhlaza okotshani, noma ama-asparagus, emigqeni: ukujula kwama-grooves cishe ama-5-6 cm, ukuhlukaniswa komugqa kushiywe phakathi kwama-40-60 cm ububanzi, ama-10 cm anele emugqeni phakathi kobhontshisi.
Ungatshala kanjani ubhontshisi emigqeni, bheka ividiyo:
Indlela yokutshala ubhontshisi ochazwe kuvidiyo ilula kakhulu ukuthi isetshenziswe ezimeni zokuhlala ihlobo kanye nohlaka lomuntu siqu.
Ukutshala okuhlangene kwamabele nobhontshisi
Ummbila ngokutshala ubhontshisi nesithombe sokunakekela
Ubhontshisi wama-curly uvame ukutshala ngommbila. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngaphansi kompheki: yenza izimbobo ezingashizi ku-chopper, ukhipha umhlaba ngakolunye uhlangothi, uphonsa imbewu engu-2 yommbila kanye nembewu engu-2-3 kabhontshisi, gibela umgodi ngonyawo lwakho bese uqhubekela phambili. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa li-0.7 m, emugqeni phakathi kwezimbobo - 30-40 cm.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kwezitshalo kulula: ukhula olusebenza ngesikhathi, uma lusezingeni elifanele. Uma usekhaya, ngezikhathi ezithile unganisela ukuthola isivuno esicebile.
Ukutshala ubhontshisi curly kuvidiyo:
Ngabe ngidinga ukunisela ubhontshisi ngemuva kokutshala
Lapho utshala esitebhisini, ubhontshisi awuniswanga, uma lokhu kuyicebo lomuntu siqu, kungcono ukutshala ubhontshisi odakeni bese ufafaza ngomhlaba omanzi (ngaphambi kokutshala, uthele amanzi amancane kwizimbobo noma imigqa). Ngakho-ke indawo yokuqothuka komhlaba ayakheli phezu komhlaba, futhi kuzoba lula ukuthi amahlumela amathenda amancane aqhume.
Mangaki ubhontshisi ovuthiwe
Ukuhluma kwembewu kuyasheshiswa ukwelashwa kwembewu ngokunyusa amandla kanye nokuntanta.
Imbewu kabhontshisi engeke yaqalwa iqala ukuphuma ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngemuva kokutshala. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya nenhlabathi liphansi kunalokho okunconyiwe, khona-ke imbewu iyaqhuma isikhathi eside izinsuku ezingama-5-7.
Ungawanakekela kanjani ubhontshisi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ubhontshisi onakekelayo awubekezeleli, kudinga umzamo omncane kusuka kumuntu. Kuyasiza ukuhlumela amahlumela amasha ukuze uwanikeze uzinzo.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Isitshalo si-hygrophilous. Kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokuchelela okulinganiselayo uma ufuna ukuthola ubhontshisi omningi. Nakisisa leli phuzu ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kwama-pods. Ukunisela kwenziwa cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, nquma inani lamanzi esihlahleni "ngamehlo", into esemqoka ukuvimbela inhlabathi ukuba ingangeni. Ngokunisela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi athambile ngokushisa okungenani kwe-18 ° C. Ngale njongo, ungafaka umgqomo engadini ukuqoqa amanzi emvula noma ukuvikela amanzi ompompi.
Ungondla kanjani
Ubhontshisi awuvamisile ukudliwa. Kodwa-ke, izinga eliphakeme lobuchwepheshe bezolimo lizokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esikhudlwana. Isiko liyaphendula ekudliseni, kepha ungalidli. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iziqongo zizokhula ngenkuthalo, ezizonciphisa i-ovary of pods.
Uma unakekela ukubeka ungqimba wezakhi ngesikhathi sokutshala, kwanele ukondla kathathu ngesizini.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa izinyanga ezi-1-1,5 ngemuva kokuvela. Faka inkimbinkimbi yamanyolo wezimbiwa ngokugcizelelwa kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus. Ungangeza i-superphosphate (30-40 g nge-1 m²).
- Ukuze kwakheke izithelo, ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe emavikini ama-3 ngemuva kokuqala. I-Pipette i-10-15 g kasawoti we-potassium nge-1 m² yendawo.
- Okwesithathu, bondla amanye amasonto ama-3.
Susa ukhula kule ndawo njalo.
Ngemuva kokunisela, ukhulula ngobumnene inhlabathi kusiyingi sesiqu.
Ividiyo ewusizo mayelana nokukhula ubhontshisi wemifino:
Izifo Zobhontshisi Nezilokazane
Imithombo yezifo iyimbewu ethelelekile, ngakho-ke lahla ikhwalithi ephansi (isishwabene, imnyama, inemibala engalingani, enamachashazi noma amabala angajwayelekile) futhi uqiniseke ukuthi wenza ukwelashwa kwangaphambili. Khetha izinhlobo ezingamelana nazo (sikhulume ngazo ngaphambili). Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, hlwanyela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze izitshalo zakhele emazingeni okushisa angama-25 ° C. Futhi, isilinganiso sokulwa kwezifo nezilokazane kungukugcinwa kokushintshwa kwamasiko (endaweni efanayo akhule ngesikhawu seminyaka emi-4).
Isifo Sobhontshisi:
I-anthracnose kubhontshisi
- I-Anthracnose - isitshalo sonke esinamaqabunga nezithelo simbozwe izindawo zokugqwala.
- I-Powderyype - eqashelwa ukuba khona kwenhlanganisela emhlophe.
- I-Ascochitosis - amabala anomgogodla omnyama nohlaka olufiphele avele emafulethini eqabunga. Ukwehlulwa kuvame ukwenzeka esigabeni sezithelo - sekephuze kakhulu ukwelapha.
- Ukugqwala - amaqabunga embozwe amabala ansundu asigcwalisa ngokushesha isitshalo, asibulale ngokoqobo. Ngokuvamile kudlula kusuka kukhula olunanyiswe ngamabele. Uma lesi sifo senzekile nangaphambi kokuqhakaza, siphathe ngesixazululo esingu-1% we-Bordeaux fluid.
- Ukuguquguquka kanye ne-mosaic ephuzi - amapuleti amaqabunga ambozwe ngezinsundu eziphuzi, ayaphenduka imibimbi, amanani okukhula ancipha. Kodwa-ke, leli gciwane kungenzeka lingathinti izithelo.
- Ukufakelwa kwamagciwane - emaphethelweni amaqabunga ambozwe amabala aphuzi, lapho-ke aphenduka aphuzi ngokuphelele bese ewa. Lesi sifo sikhula nomswakama ophezulu, ngakho-ke gwema ukufafaza ngokunisela.
Izinambuzane Zabhontshisi
Izinambuzane azihluphi kaningi. Phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Ama-aphid
- I-Whitefly
- I-Bean kernel
- Hluma ukundiza
Ngaphezu kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla, ukuvuna okufika ngesikhathi kuzosiza ukuvikela ubhontshisi ezinambuzaneni (ngaphambi kokuqhekeka pod). Ukubulala izinambuzane, kufanele ubambe ubhontshisi efrijini izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
Ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza, uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo lungalashwa.
I-Bean stems kanye namaqabunga angahlasela ama-slugs. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukhula ngendlela efike ngesikhathi, ngoba ama-gastropods afana nendawo epholile nenomswakama. Lezi zinambuzane ziqoqwa ngesandla noma zisebenzisa izicupho ezikhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuvuna
Izinsuku zokuvuna zincike ezinhlobonhlobo nasezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo.
Musa ubhontshisi we-asparagus overexpose engadini - esifundeni esomile, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo elahlekile.
Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa izithelo ukulondolozwa, zingavunwa kancane. Ukuze ugcine ubhontshisi kwifomu elomile, kufanele ulinde ukuvuthwa kwawo. Kepha ungephuzi isikhathi eside ukuze ungaqoqi ubhontshisi emhlabathini.
Ukuvuthwa kungenzeka ngendlela engalingani: ethunzini lezihloko zazo, amanye amaqanda ahlala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi eziqongweni, pods sezivele zomile. Susa okokugcina, ushiye okusele ukuze uvuthwe.
Akudingekile ukususa ubhontshisi emidodeni ngesandla. Thatha isikhwama noma usakaze ngengubo, beka amakhanda omiswe kahle, ngokuzikhandla, hamba nenduku noma enye into efana nale. Susa i-husk, bese uhlela ubhontshisi, womile bese uthumela kwisitoreji. Gcina ezitsheni zeglasi ngesivimbo esilingana kahle (mhlawumbe senziwe ngengilazi noma ngensimbi).
Izinhlobo zobhontshisi ezinezithombe nezincazelo
Uhlobo oluhlanyelwe ngenhloso yokuthola isivuno sikabhontshisi ubhontshisi ojwayelekile (Phaseolus vulgaris). Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo (ukukhuphuka noma isihlahla), ubhontshisi wasesihlathini uvame ukuthandwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zilinganisa ukukhetha. Cabanga ukwahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuguquguquka kwezinhlobonhlobo kuya ezimweni ezithile zezulu zesifunda esithile.
Izinhlobo zebhontshisi zase-Ukraine, Belarus, isifunda saseMoscow
Ubhontshisi oluhlaza okotshani izithombe ezingama-556 ezimhlophe qhwa
Iqabunga elimhlophe elihlaza okotshani eMoscow 556 - lakha izihlahla ezingaba ngu-25 cm ukuphakama. Ubhontshisi wembozwe ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwesikhumba (luyabila ngokushesha). Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nobabili nesomiso kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Isikhathi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni ekuvuthweni kobuchwepheshe izinsuku ezingama-100.
Isithombe sikaHaricot Curly Nomad
I-Nomad yizinhlobonhlobo ezivunguza ngokuvuthwa okuphakathi. Ubhontshisi wenziwe ngeqanda, abe nombono we-ocher onephethini eliphuzi onsomi. Azinayo imicu nobumba lwesikhumba, okwenza isakhiwo sithambe futhi sintekenteke.
Izinhlobo zobhontshisi zomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo kanye nama-Urals
I-Orange - izitshalo zasehlathini eziphakeme ngo-35-55 cm. Izinsuku zokuqala kokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingama-80-90). Izithelo zihlukaniswa amandla aphezulu. Ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1 ungavuna ngaphakathi kwama-200 g.
I-Pink - bush curls, iziqu zifinyelela kubude obungamamitha amathathu, zidinga ukuxhaswa. Ubhontshisi unombala opinki odabukisayo, obushelelezi ngokuthungwa (imicu nengqimba ayikho). I-Universal ekusetshenzisweni (ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele kugcinwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo). Isikhathi sokuvuthwa yizinsuku ezingama-65-85.
Izinhlobo zobhontshisi zaseSiberia
Ubhontshisi oboshwe ngesithombe se-Winner esiqhakaza obomvu
Owine izinto ezinhlobonhlobo. Izithelo zikhulu, ubude bama-pods bungama-cm angama-30. Ngenxa yokuzivikela okuhle, ukumelana nokubanda, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhule eSiberia. Izinhlobonhlobo zinezimbali zombala obomvu ovuthayo, ngenxa yokuthi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa.
Haricot asparagus Amafutha enkosi isithombe
Inkosi kawoyela - ubhontshisi we-asparagus, isikhathi sokuvuthwa izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Izithelo zeTubular zizokhanga ngisho nama-gourmet. Ubude bama-pods buba ngama-cm angama-25. Ukusebenza kugcwele: ukuqhwa, ukuwafaka, ukuvuna ubhontshisi ngendlela eyomile.
