IClarkia (Clarkia) isitshalo samakhambi sonyaka somndeni weCypress. Le genus isondele kakhulu kwi-goodecium futhi amanye ama-botanists ahlanganisa lezi zitshalo ezimbili kuhlobo olulodwa. Igama imbali enjalo yayihlonipha uCaptain W. Clark, okwathi ngekhulu le-19 waletha eYurophu evela eCalifornia. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sitshalo singatholakala eChile nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Uhlobo lolo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-30, kanti ezingama-3 kuphela ezitshaliwe.
Izici zeClarkia
I-Clarkia ingca yotshani minyaka yonke, ukuphakama kwayo kungahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0.3 kuya ku-0.9. Phezu kwamahlumela aqhakaze okuvame kakhulu kune-pubescence, ehlanganisa i-villi emfushane. Amapuleti amaqabunga ahleli endaweni ehlukile anesimo esisebusweni esinemibala emnyama nombala oluhlaza grey noma ohlaza okotshani. Izimbali eziqhubekayo zingaba-terry noma zilula, zinezimo ezifanele, ububanzi zifinyelela ku-35 mm. Futhi zingadwetshwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene yemibala. Njengomthetho, bayingxenye yama-inflorescence ama-apical ane-racemose noma ijamo le-spike, noma kunjalo, izimbali ezinesizungu kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala. Imbali inenkomishi ye-tubular; i-corolla ifaka amacembe ama-4 athwalwe kathathu noma aqinile, ahlangana naphansi emarigold. Izithelo ziyi-polysperm ende.
Ukutshala imbewu yeClarkia
Ukuhlwanyela
Isitshalo esinjalo sikhula kusuka ezinhlotsheni ngezindlela ezimbili: yisithombo kanye nangezithombo. Uma ukutshala kwenziwa ngendlela engenahlanyelo, khona-ke imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngqo enhlabathini evulekile. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngo-Ephreli noma ngezinsuku zokuqala zikaMeyi, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ekwindla sekwedlule ngaphambi kobusika. Lapho ulungiselela indawo okuhlwanyelwa kuyo, kuyo yonke imitha eyi-sikwele yokumba, udinga ukufaka i-1 kilogram ye-peat kanye ne-1 spoonful enkulu ye-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate. Imbewu yesitshalo incane impela, ihlwanyelwa izidleke zezingcezu ezi-4 noma ezi-5. Kulokhu, ibanga phakathi kwezidleke kufanele lisuke ku-20 liye ku-40 amasentimitha. Akudingekile ukumba imbewu enhlabathini, kufanele icindezelwe kuphela okuncane futhi kufafazwe ngenhlabathi encane. Izithombo zokuqala zingavela kungakapheli isigamu senyanga, futhi kuzodingeka uzithambise, kodwa-ke, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-clarkia ibukeka emangalisa kakhulu ehlathini eliminyene. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ekwindla, kwesinye isikhathi izithombo nazo zinesikhathi sokuvela ngaphambi kokuba kufike ubusika, ngenkathi zigcinwe kahle ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa. Lapho izithombo zivela entwasahlobo, lapho-ke zizodinga ukuncishiswa ngaphandle njenge-isanqante.
Ikhula ngezithombo
Uma i-clarkia ikhule ngezithombo, khona-ke izithombo ezincane zizovikelwa ngokuthembekile emvuleni ebandayo, eqandeni, ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ngokuzumayo nasemimoyeni enamandla. Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngoMashi, kulokhu ukuqhakaza izimbali eClarkia kuzoqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa ngesihlokwana esine-asidi. Akudingekile ukujulisa, kepha kudingekile nje ukuthi ucindezele phansi ngethebulethi futhi uthele kusuka ku-sprayer. Mboza isitsha ngengilazi bese usibeka endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, kepha akufanele kube khona imisebe yelanga eqondile lapho. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo zokuqala, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe. Isitsha kufanele sigcinwe endaweni eyomile, efudumele enomoya omuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukukhetha kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu, ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso.
Ukutshala kweClarkia emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
IClarkia idluliselwa enhlabathini evulekile ngoMeyi. Esimweni lapho inhlabathi esakhiweni ingenayo i-pH efanelekile isitshalo esinikeziwe, khona-ke lokhu kungalungiswa. Ukuze uqinise inhlabathi, ungasebenzisa enye yezindlela ezintathu:
- 1 m2 engeza amakhilogremu 1-1,5 we-peat;
- 1 m2 engeza amagremu angama-60 wesibabule;
- nisela inhlabathi ngesixazululo esinebhakede lamanzi kanye nezipuni ezinkulu eziyi-1.5 ze-citric noma i-oxalic acid.
Esimweni lapho inhlabathi ine-acidic ngokwedlulele, kuyenezelwa lime. Uma kunamafutha, khona-ke lokhu kungalungiswa ngokwenza isihlabathi sokumba. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufaka umanyolo enhlabathini, nokuthi imaphi umanyolo okufanele uwasebenzise kulokhu kuchaziwe esigabeni sokutshala i-clarkia ngendlela okungeyona eyezithombo. Ukulungiswa kwesiza kufanele kwenziwe okungenani isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ungatshala kanjani
Akudingekile ukutshala izithombo esisodwa ngasikhathi, kepha thatha izitshalo ezitsheni ngamaqembu amancane kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho leli qembu litshalwe emthonjeni owodwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo lingahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zizodinga ukuxhaswa, ngoba zinamahlumela amancanyana kakhulu, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ukunamathela esitimeleni eside noma ukunamathela eduze kwendawo ngayinye. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-clarkia kufanele zitshalwe kude nenye nenye, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi zingabakhona. Lapho amahlahla etshaliwe, adinga ukuniselwa futhi ancinwe kancane ukuze akhule ehlathini.
Izici Zokunakekela
Kulula ukukhulisa uClarkia, futhi nesiqalo singabhekana kalula nalo msebenzi. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kunesikhathi eside, esomile nesishisayo. Kulokhu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezimbalwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimbali ezinjalo ziba namanzi emvula anele. Uma unisela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lolu ketshezi kufanele lungene ngokushesha enhlabathini, futhi lungami isikhathi eside esihlahleni. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngenkathi kusungulwa ama-buds nezimbali, futhi kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi ngalokhu. Imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu - isikhathi esingu-1 ngesigamu senyanga. Kumanyolo, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-Rainbow noma i-Kemira, kuyilapho i-organic organic ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa enhlabathini. Ukuqhakaza kwakude futhi kumnandi, kubalulekile ukususa izimbali eziphelayo ngesikhathi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi, i-mealybug ingahlala ku-clarkia. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqonde ukuthi isihlahla singenwe yilesi inkathazo ngokubakhona kwenhlanganisela enjengekotoni ehlanganisiwe, engatholakala engxenyeni esemoyeni yesitshalo. Ukubhubhisa lesi sinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe nomuntu oyimfihlo, ophathina noma i-phytoerm.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi endaweni lapho kukhula khona i-clarkia, inhlabathi iyagcwala, lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesifo sokukhunta. Ukuthi isihlahla sithelelekile kungaqondakala ngama-specks of rusty-yellow color, anomngcele onsundu, abekwa kumapuleti eqabunga. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, kufanele uphathe isihlahla nge-ejenti ye-fungicidal (i-oxychrome noma i-Bordeaux liquid). Uma utshala lembali enhlabathini efanelekile futhi uyinakekela kahle, izoba nokuphikisana okuphezulu kakhulu kuzo zombili lezi zinambuzane nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuzala ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakho ngokuzimela. Entwasahlobo, udinga kuphela ukuncipha ngokucophelela izithombo. Uma udinga imbewu, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuyiqoqa. Lapho izitshalo ziqhakaza, kuzodingeka uqaphele izimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Lapho ziqala ukufiphala, lapho-ke zizodinga ukugqoka izikhwama ze-gauze. Imbewu izovuthwa emavikini amane emva kokuba imbali ibune, kanti umbala webhokisi kufanele ube nsundu. Sika amabhokisi bese ufafaza imbewu ephephandabeni. Le mbewu ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika noma ifafazwe esikhwameni sephepha, lapho izogcinwa khona kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ubusika
Lapho uClarkia eziqhakaza, izihlahla zingasikwa ziye emhlabathini uma zifisa. Futhi ngesikhathi sokumba ekwindla kwendawo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ususe izinsalela zezitshalo uzishise. Ukuzixotsha akunconywa, ngoba ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic noma isikhunta angavela kudoti wesitshalo esinjalo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeClarkia ezinezithombe namagama
Zintathu kuphela izinhlobo ze-clarkia ezitshalwa abalimi, okuyilezi: clarkia marigold, noma i-clarkia enhle; i-clarkia yinhle, noma i-clarkia i-pubescent; UClarky Breveri.
I-Clarkia yinhle, noma i-marigold (Clarkia unguiculata, Clarkia elegans)
Lolu hlobo lwendalo lungatholakala eCalifornia. Isitshalo sonyaka esinamagatsha aqhakaza ubude singafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-100. Izimpethu ezinamandla ngokwanele kusuka ngezansi zignify. Phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhona imithambo ebomvu, unqenqema lwayo lusetshenziswe ngokungalingani. Izimbali zinesimo esijwayelekile kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha amane. Zingaba-terry noma zilula futhi zibe nombala ohlukile: zibomvu, zipinki, zimhlophe, zibubende okwesibhakabhaka. Babekwa eyodwa ngasikhathi sinuses seqabunga. Ukuhluma kwembewu encane kuthatha iminyaka emi-4. Iqhakaza kamnandi ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Lolu hlobo luvame ukuvuthwa maphakathi no-lat lat. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi:
- Albatross. Izimbali ze-Terry zinombala omhlophe. Isihlahla esinamagatsha anamanzi sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0.75.
- I-Purplekenig. Izimbali ze-Terry zinombala we-carmine nobubanzi obungu-35 kuye ku-40 mm. Isihlahla ukuphakama sifinyelela ku-0.8 kuya ku-0.9 m.
- Ukuphelela kwe-Salmon. Izimbali ze-Terry zidwetshwe ngombala we-salmon pink futhi zibe nobubanzi obuyi-35 mm. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla okuxekethile kungamamitha ayi-0.9.
UClarkia muhle (uClarkia pulchella)
Lolu hlobo lincane. Amahlumela aqondile, anamahlamvu aqhakaze angafinyelela ukuphakama ngamamitha angama-0.4. Zikhonjwe phezulu, futhi zifakwe ku-petiole. Izimbali zingaba yizitry noma zilula. Zingatholakala zombili zizodwa futhi ziqoqwe ngamaqembu amancane amaqabunga ezinhlamvu ezingxenyeni engenhla yeziqu. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwama-petals, ahlukaniswe ama-lobes ama-3, ahlelwe kabanzi. Kulokhu, eMelika, lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi "izimpondo ze-elk." Izimbali ziqala uhhafu wenyanga ngaphambili kune-clarkia enhle.
Clarkia Breveri (Clarkia breweri)
Muva nje, le nhlobo iya ngokuya ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Lesi sitshalo esimelana nokubanda sonyaka wonke esiphakeme singafinyelela kuhafu wemitha. Ukwakheka kwembali kufana novemvane, futhi ububanzi bufinyelela kumamilimitha angama-30. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi elinamandla futhi ziyingxenye yama-inflorescence avele. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Pink Ribbons zinezimbali ezibomvana ezinamacembe afana nezimbambo; isihlahla singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0.3. amahlumela alezi zinhlobonhlobo aqhekeka, futhi aqhakaza kamnandi.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-clarkia ezitshalwa abalimi empeleni zi-goodetsia.
