IGenus Phlox (Phlox) ingeyamalungu omndeni uPolemoniaceae (Cyanosis) futhi inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-65. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lezi zitshalo yiNyakatho Melika. Bonke abamele lolu hlobo bangama-perennials, ngaphandle kukaPhlox Drummond, oyisitshalo sonyaka.
Igama lalezi zimbali ezinhle elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho "ilangabi". Ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo saqanjwa ngokuthi iKarl Linnaeus ngenxa yombala obomvu ovuthayo wezimbali ezinhlotsheni zasendle.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Ama-phloxes, ngokuya ngohlobo, angaba nokuqina, noma ukunyuka noma isiqu ezinwabuzelayo. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-10-20 kuya ku-120-150 amasentimitha. Amaqabunga e-Sedentary ahlukile, kwesinye isikhathi engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu angahlelwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo. Amaqabunga angaba nesici esise-oval-lanceolate, esinqenqemeni se-ovate noma esise-lanceolate ngomphetho oqinile.
Izimbali zinobubanziamasentimitha angama-2,5 kuya kwayi-4 futhi zakha ukwethuka noma i-corymbose inflorescence. Izimbali zijabulisa iso ngemibala ehlukahlukene: emhlophe, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ipinki, ebomvu, ene- “iso” enkabeni, njll. Izithelo ze-Phlox zingamakhompiyula okusaqanda anezimbewu eziningi ezincane.
Ama-phlox we-perennial akhule engadini atholakala ezinhlotsheni zasendle, kanye nakuyo nzalo yawo. Ukuvela kwama-phloxes, kanye nezici zabo ze-botanical, kuhluke kakhulu futhi kuyehlukahluka naphakathi kwezinhlobo. Ukuzihlelela okuhlelekile, ososayensi kufanele basebenzise izindlela zofuzo.
I-Phlox icishe indawo yonke. Zitholakala esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu sase-Alaska naseCanada, nasezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho ubusika bungakaze benzeke khona. Zikhula zombili esimweni sezulu esomile sogwadule nasendaweni sezulu esishisayo.
Ukuvela kwe-phlox ekhula ngasendle ngqo kuya endaweni yokukhula kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ama-phloxes ahlala emadwaleni angenamatshe angenalutho endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3 500 ngaphezu kolwandle, izitshalo ezikhula kancane ezakha ama-turfs futhi, ukuqhakaza, zimbozwe ngesigqoko sezimbali eziqhakazile. Ama-phloxes akhula zombili emahlathini anomswakama (ngokwesibonelo, ama-phlox splayed) kanye nasehlathini elomile lentaba (phlox stolonoposny).
Ungabuye uhlangane nabo eduze kwemifula, ezindaweni eziphansi emhlabathini oswakeme, nasezindaweni ezomile ezinhlabathini ezinesihlabathi. Ama-phloxes ayahlukahluka esimweni sabo sokukhanya. Kunezinhlobo ezikhetha ukukhula emthunzini, kepha kukhona labo abathanda ukutshala ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo futhi ngokuntuleka kokukhanya bayayeka ukujabulisa ukuqhakaza kwabo.
Ama-Phlox abukeka ngokuhlukile. Iningi labamele linama-stud aqonde otshani akha ama-compact bush nge-inflorescences ekhanyayo nethambile eziqongweni. Kulezi zinhlobo, ama-rhizomes kuphela anamaphethelo nengxenye engezansi yesiqu ebusika. Ama-phloxes akha amasobho aminyene anezinwele ezinyakazayo ezihlotshisiwe ezinamaqabunga amaningi ahlala eluhlaza.
Lezi zinhlobo ziqhakaza kakhulu ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo futhi ngasikhathi sinye zibukeka njengopelepele oqhubekayo wezimbali ezibomvana, ezimhlophe, ezimpunga noma ezi-raspberry-pink. Kukhona nezihlahlana ze-phlox ezinezihlahla ezinokhuni ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni.
Imbali ye-phlox iqukethe amacembe ama-5 futhi inesimo se-tubular Funnel. Ama-petals agobeke ekhoneni lesokudla le-tube bese enza i-corolla eyisicaba, enomzimba omnyama onamasondo omzimba, okhonsa ngokujulile, ongafakwanga, umucu owenziwe umucu neminye imilo. Izimbali ziza ngemibala ehlukahlukene - ithafa, “lamehlo”, amachashazi, imivimbo, namathunzi.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-phlox
Ngokuya ngezici ze-morphological, ama-phloxes ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:
- Bush;
- Kuyashisa;
- Ukukhamba.
Bush Amafomu we-Phlox ahlukanisa amanye amaqembu amancane ayi-2. Esokuqala sifaka izitshalo ezinde, iziqu eziqinile eziqinile zazo ezingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-180. Ngo-ekwindla, isisekelo seziqu sincekisiwe. Ama-phloxes alesi siqeshana esiqhakaza ehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala enezimbali eziningi ezinamakha, enza ama-inflorescence amakhulu aphundu.
Abamele iqembu elingaphansi yi-phlox bushelelezi, i-phlox yokwethuka, ne-phlox ebonakalayo. Iqembu lesibili lifaka izitshalo ezikhula kancane ezineziqu ezinamahlamvu aqondile noma ezikhuphuka ngokuqinile, eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-45 kuye kwangama-60.
Ama-phloxes alesi siqeshana sendlela enza izihlahla ezikhululekile ezinama-spherical-umbellate noma ama-inflorescence e-corymbose eziqongweni zeziqu. Abanye abamele bangaba nama-inflorescence ukwethuka okufushane noma ibhulashi elingavamile. Ama-phlox asesihlahleni ayajabulisa ngokuqhakaza kwawo ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasehlobo ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Abamele le subgroup yi-phlox enoboya, uCaroline phlox, i-oval phlox, i-phlox ethandekayo nabanye. Isici esibonakalayo sayo yonke i-cluster phlox ukungabikho kwama-grooves kanye nokusikeka emaphethelweni we-corolla petals.
Kuyashisa abamele ama-phloxes baneziqu zemvelo ezinwabuzelayo ezihlume kakhulu ezinamahlumela amaningi aqhakaza izimbali avela kubo. Igama lelo lalivela ngenxa yokuthi iziqu zazo ezinwabuzelayo zakha i-turf evulekile.
Lama phlox aqhuma ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Abamele kakhulu baleli qembu yi-phlox e-stoloniferous kanye ne-phlox ebhebhethekayo.
Ukukhamba iqembu lama-phloxes libonakaliswa ngamagatsha, iziqu ezinwabuzelayo, kwesinye isikhathi ezikhuphuka emaphethelweni bese zakha amasobho nemicamelo yemisipha eyahlukahlukene. Amaqabunga ama-phloxes anjalo mancane futhi mancane, aqoqwa izinyanda ezindaweni ezinde futhi ajwayele ukuhlala njalo.
Izitshalo zingaba ezingenalutho noma i-pubescent. Emikhawulweni yeziqu kukhona ukhipha izimbali ngesimbali esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Izimbali eziqhakaza i-phlox entwasahlobo. Abamele abadume kakhulu yi-pood ye-Hood's phlox, i-phlox ene-awl, i-Douglas phlox, i-phlox yeqhwa, i-phlox emfushane ne-phlox yenkanyezi.
Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-phlox, inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zama-interspecific nama-nzalo azalwa, iningi lawo lakha amaqembu azimele. Isibonelo, ama-hyndids e-Arends phlox atholwe ngokuwela i-phlox eshisiwe nge-phlox yokusabalalisa. I-hybrid yokuqala yesiphambano esinjalo yatholakala ngo-1910 ngumfuyi wezinkomo u-J. Arends (yingakho igama elithi phlox).
Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, ezinye izinhlobo eziyi-13 zatholakala, cishe zonke zazo, ngeshwa, njengamanje ezilahlekile. Iqoqo lesimanjemanje le-Arends phlox nzalo liqukethe izinhlobo eziningana ezihlanganisa isikhathi sokugeleza kwe-panicle paniculata ngezimbali zokuqala ze-phlox ezisakazwayo.
Ukutshala kwe-Phlox nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Phlox isho izitshalo ezingabinayo inhlonipho, kepha ukuze uzuze izimbali eziningi futhi ezinde, kufanele ukhethe kahle indawo oyitshale kuyo. Kungcono ukutshala izitshalo endaweni evikelwe umoya.
I-Phlox ingakhula ngokulinganayo emthunzini oyingxenye naselangeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezinelanga, ukuvela kwama-phloxes akukude, kanti nezimbali zezinhlobo ezithile zingaphela futhi ziphele ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga.
Umhlabathi wesitshalo uncanyelwa ukukhululeka, ukuvunda, ukusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-acidic kanye nomswakama owanele, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Kungcono ukulungiselela umhlabathi ekwindla ngaphambi kokutshala izimbali kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kucutshungulwa kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-30 (asikho isidingo sokuya ngokujulile, ngoba uhlelo lwe-phlox lusebhokisini lomhlaba elingenhla) kanye nomlotha wokhuni, umquba kanye ne-superphosphate kwethulwa.
Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, lapho-ke udinga ukufaka isanti kuyo, ngenani lebhakede eli-1 ngemitha yesikwele, kanye nomanyolo we-organic. Uma ukusabela kwenhlabathi kungama-acidic, kuyengezwa lime.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuqukethe ukugqoka okuphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokunisela ngaphandle kwemvula. Ebusika, iziqu zesitshalo kufanele zinqunywe emhlabathini.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-phlox ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla
Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yalezi zindlela. Isikhathi sokufakelwa okunjalo kungaba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza ekwindla, ukuvumela izithombo ukuba zikhule ngaphambi kobusika. Ehlobo, ukufakelwa okunjalo nakho kungenzeka, kuphela kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa futhi ngokunisela okuhle. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithombo ezihlukanisiwe kufanele zibe zinkulu futhi kubalulekile impela ukugcina isigaxa sobumba esihlolweni. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, qinisekisa ukuthambisa njalo.
Ekwindla, siqala ukuhlukanisa isihlahla, ngokumba, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi le ndlela yokuzala kabusha kufanele yenziwe uma isitshalo sesivele sifinyelela eminyakeni eyisithupha. Okulandelayo, sisusa ngokuphelele umhlaba ohlelweni lwezimpande. Ngemuva kokuhlukanisa ngokucophelela izimpande eziya kusiqu. Uma isihlahla singehlukaniswa ngesandla, sebenzisa ummese. Ukwehlukanisa izimpande, siqinisekisa ukuthi ngamunye wabo unezihlumela zamahlumela. Izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe zitshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini.
Ukusakazwa kwe-Phlox ngokusika
Le ndlela yokuzalanisa ifaka izindlela ezintathu:
Ukuzala kabusha kwePhlox ukusika kwesiqu, le ndlela ayinkimbinkimbi futhi isikhathi esihle salokhu isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kweziqu, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukuphela kukaMeyi, ukuqala kukaJuni. Udinga ukukhetha ukusikwa okuhle okunempilo kusuka kusitshalo esidala.
Sihlukanisa ihlumela ukuze kwisibambo ngasinye kube nezinduku eziningana. Amaqabunga akhiwe ngaphansi kokusikwa kufanele anqunywe ngokuphelele, nengxenye ephezulu. Izilimo zitshalwe esitsheni enomhlabathi ovundile wezakhi bese zifafazwa ngesihlabathi ungqimba lwamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezulu.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile, bese ufafaza ngamaqabunga, noma i-peat, cishe amasentimitha ayi-8 namasentimitha ambalwa esihlabathi ngaphezulu. Sifaka umswakama inhlabathi futhi sitshale ukusika esixolweni esiphezulu esinamaqabunga, sicindezela inhlabathi kuwo. Sihlala ebangeni lamasentimitha amahlanu ukusuka kwelinye.
Ngemuva kokutshala, sibeka isitsha esinezihlahla ezisikiwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi siyifihle elangeni eliqondile izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-21 ngokunisela kuze kube kathathu ngosuku. Ngemuva kokuthi ukusika kuqale futhi kuthande izimpande, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqala ukubonakala kubo, kuyadingeka ukuwuthuthela endaweni ebanzi kakhudlwana kude kufinyelela ku-16 cm. Le ndlela ingasakazwa isizini yonke.
Indlela yesibili, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-phlox ukusikwa okunamahlamvu. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kangcono ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Kuphela ngeshidi lapho udinga ukusika iqabunga ngeso futhi ubambe isiqu esincane.
Sitshala isigaxa esitsheni esinenhlabathi evulekile bese sithela isihlabathi ngesendlalelo sentimitha eyodwa. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo licishe libe amasentimitha amahlanu, sitshala ngokujula, inikezwe ukuthi ihlumela nesiqu zisemhlabathini.
Ngemuva kokwehla, amboze isitsha ngengilazi bese usishiya endaweni emnyama ngombuso wokushisa ongaba ngama-19 degrees. Futhi moisturize njalo, uvule umoya ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ama-cutways angaphazanyiswa. Ngemuva kokufaka izimpande, sitshale emhlabathini.
Indlela yesithathu, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-phlox, ukusika izimpande. Le ndlela iyasebenza, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuqeda izimuncagazi - iziqu zesikhwanyana. Ingatshalwa zombili entwasahlobo nangemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngemuva kokumba lesi sitshalo, khetha izimpande eziqine kakhulu bese usika izingcezu eziyi-6 cm.
Siyitshala esithelweni somhlaba bese sifafaza ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi cishe ngo-5 cm.Sinisela kakhulu futhi silinde amahlumela amasha. Uma ebusika, khona-ke siyibeka engaphansi epholile futhi siyinkcenkceshele, singavumeli inhlabathi ukuba yome, futhi entwasahlobo siyikhipha futhi sijwayele ukushisa nokukhanya kancane, sitshala usikezo olunezimpande emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa
Indlela elula etholakala kunoma ngubani, noma umlimi we-amateur. Amabhasi afafazwa nomhlaba, okuphakeme ngcono. Futhi ngemuva kwenkathi ethile, izimpande ziyavela kumahlumela. Futhi lapho izimpande sezinezimpande, kubalulekile ukuzisika nokuzitshala emhlabathini.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ama-phlox awl-eyenziwe asatshalaliswa yimbewu, kodwa kaningi ngalokhu kubalingiswa bokuhlukahluka okuvelayo akuhlali kunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukwenza ngcono izithombo, udinga ukuzisusa emabhokisini. Ngenxa yokuqina komzimba, kungcono ukuhlwanyela masisha ngemuva kokuvuna. Udinga ukukhetha imbewu enkulu kakhulu futhi ngoNovemba wenze ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile noma ebhokisini.
Ebusika, imbewu izokhethwa ngokwemvelo bese okuthandwa kakhulu kuyojabulisa ngezithombo ezinhle. Avela ngoMeyi, lapho kuvela amaqabunga amaningana, kufanele atshalwe kude cishe ngo-15 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ukulandela yonke imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela, uzothuthukisa ngenkuthalo futhi uqhume.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-phlox
I-Phlox ingathinteka yizilokazane nezifo fungal, viral and mycoplasma. Imvamisa, izitshalo zithintwa yi-powdery hlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukukhula komthunzi.
Imvamisa, ama-phloxes nawo ahlushwa ukugqwala, ukugqwala okuvela emilenzeni, amabala amhlophe kanye nama-mosaics.
Kwezinambuzane, ezesabisa kakhulu yisiqu se-phlox nematode. Lapho isitshalo sithinteka yile mibungu emincane kakhulu, iziqalo zezindebe ziphuzi futhi zigaxekile, bese amaqabunga eba mncane.
Isitshalo asikwazi ukwelapheka ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukumba ngenqwaba enkulu yomhlaba ususe endaweni ukuze ezinye izitshalo zingangenwa yilesi sifo.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Ama-pehloxes yisikhathi sangempela sokuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali. Ukuthandwa kwabo phakathi kwalabalimi kuyachazwa ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukungathobeki, ukunakekelwa kalula, kanye nobukhazikhazi nokugqama kwezimbali.
I-Phlox ingasetshenziswa njengabamele izingadi ze-cottage, izingadi zangaphambili zedolobhana, ezivandeni zamadwala eduze namachibi, imibhede yezimbali yemvelo, isitayela sothando noma se-avant-garde.
Ngokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele ze-phlox, ungafinyelela imibhede yezimbali eziqhakazayo, ukuqala entwasahlobo nasekupheleni ekwindla. Ngakho-ke i-phlox enezilokotho nenhliziyo evundile izohlobisa ingadi entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi ihluma - ngesikhathi sasehlobo nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Lapho utshala izitshalo, kubalulekile ukuthi unake ukuphakama kwawo nombala wezimbali ukuze izingoma ezidaliwe zibukeke zivumelana.
Ungasebenzisa izimbali ze-phlox ezinamakha ukudala ama-bouquets. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kungcono ukuzisika ekuseni, ngaphambi kokwenza isiphuzo sakusihlwa kusihlwa.
Ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence aluhlaza futhi aminyene, kunconywa ukungashiyi iziqu ezingaphezu kuka-7-8 esihlahleni.
