Ukuvikelwa kwesithwathwa
Amaqabunga e-Dahlia kwisimo sezulu esomile sekwindla anezinkinga zesithwathwa zesikhashana esifinyelela ku- -0.5 ° - -1 °. Kuthathwa kuphela ubumnyama bawo obunye. I-Dahlia stems ibekezelela amafrimu wesikhathi esifushane aze afike ku-2 °. Ekhabeni eliphakathi nendawo, ukuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso ngoSepthemba 8-17, kanti isithwathwa sokuqala sivame ukubonwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ngesinye isikhathi ngoSepthemba 10 bafika -4, -6 °. Kuleliqondo lokushisa, akufishi kuphela amaqabunga, ama-buds nama-inflorescence afayo, kodwa futhi neziqu.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © uStan ShebsUma iziqu ze-dahlia zonakalisiwe, izimpande, njengamaphampu anamandla, ziyaqhubeka nokunikeza ijusi ngezakhi ezincibilikile ezingxenyeni zezindiza, futhi ama-capillaries alinyazwe yiqhwa awakwazi ukuwanikeza amaqabunga, ukusakazeka kuphazamisekile, ujusi oqoqiwe engxenyeni engezansi yesiqu uqala ukubola, okuholela ekubolweni kwentambo ye-dahlia kanye neshubhu lonke. Ngakho-ke, ngomonakalo omkhulu weqhwa esiqwini, kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukumba i-dahlia.
Imvamisa, ngemuva kwesithwathwa esifushane sokuqala sekwindla, isimo sezulu sisahle isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube inyanga. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe zonke izindlela ezingavikela izitshalo ezivela eziqandeni zokuqala. Kunezindlela eziningi ongavikela ngazo i-dahlias kusuka kwisithwathwa: izitshalo zokukhosela, ukufudumeza ngamalilo, izitofu, njll. Kepha konke kuyabiza kakhulu, kudla isikhathi, noma kungathembeki. Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokubhekana nesithwathwa - isikrini sentuthu - imvamisa, ikakhulukazi emoyeni, ayinikezi imiphumela oyifunayo.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc EvannoIndlela elula nephumelelayo yokuvikela izitshalo efrijini ukufafaza, umphumela wokuzivikela osekelwe ngokujwayelekile kokulandelayo. Amanzi ohlelweni lokunikezela ngamanzi noma imithombo yokushisa inamazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe- + 6 ° futhi lapho ancipha ngo-1 ° 1 m3 amanzi akhipha amakhalori amakhulu wokushisa ayi-1000. Ukuzithela ngokwayo kukhulisa umswakama womoya, okuthi noma kunjalo, kunciphise imisebe yokushisa evela emhlabathini nasitshalweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlabathi enomswakama, ngenxa yokwanda kokushiswa kwamandla, idlulisa ukushisa kungqimba yomoya ongaphezulu. Amanzi ahlala phezu kwezitshalo aqandeka, kancane kancane agqoke wona ngoqhafuqhafu omfishane kakhulu kodwa omnyama. Izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kwegobolondo leqhwa elinjalo alisho phansi -0,5 °. I-Ice isindisa lesi sitshalo eqandeni. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ukuhwamuka kuhamba kancane futhi kuhambisana nokufakwa kokushisa. Lokhu kufaka isandla ekuncibilikeni kancane kweqhwa ezindaweni ezihlangana kuzo kanye nokufakwa emanzini kubo yi-protoplasm yamaseli.
Ekwindla ka-1959, kwenziwa lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo e-Main Botanical Garden: i-Sprayer yayifakwe endaweni ye-dahlia. Ngenkathi yokukhula, yayisetshenziselwa ukunisela, ngesikhathi seqhwa - ukuvikela izitshalo ngokufafaza. Amanzi ayefafazwa nge-nozzles enobubanzi obungu-3.5-4 m. Ama-nebulizer axhunyaniswa ne-hose ethambile kwinethiwekhi yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi futhi afakwa ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-8 ukusuka komunye nomunye ku-midline yesikhungo ngasinye sokusebenza ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1.5. kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngaphezu kuka-0 °. Ekushiseni komoya okungu-4 °, izitshalo zazimbozwe ngeqhwa.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc EvannoUkulinganisa kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya endaweni yokufafaza lalihlala liphakeme ngo-2 ° ukwedlula ezindaweni ezingamanzi.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinga lokushisa lomoya lehle laya ku--6 ° ngoSepthemba 28, ama-dahlias asendaweni yokufafaza ngemuva kokuncibilikisa ayengasasebenzi, ngenkathi izitshalo zokulawula zifa.
Isithwathwa esibuthaka ngoSepthemba 30 nango-Okthoba 3 asikaze sibangele ukwakheka kweqhubu leqhwa, yize amazinga okushisa emoyeni endaweni engavikelekile efinyelela -3 °. Kuze kube sekusungulwa kwezinga lokushisa elibi lesikhathi sasebusuku kusuka kulezi zitshalo, ama-inflorescence amahle anqunywe. Ukuhlaziywa okwenziwe ngemuva kokumba izimbila kukhomba ukuthi izitshalo ezivikelwe ukufafazwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ngemuva kokuqandeka kokuqala zinikeze ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo se-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuqhathaniswa nokulawula.
Indlela yokufafaza yandisa isikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile. Kufanele isetshenziswe kabanzi ku-floriculture.
Dahlia (Dahlia) © CillasUkuhlanza nokugcinwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esikhulu esibandayo, lapho iqhwa elikhulu kakhulu lishaya amaqabunga e-dahlia, kuyaphuthuma ukuqala ukumba izithombo zezimpande.
Imvamisa bagaya ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba esimweni sezulu esihle emazingeni okushisa okushisa ukuze nezilimo eziyizigaxa zikwazi ukungena umoya kahle. Ukumba kwenziwa kangcono ngaphambi kwemini, njengoba amahora angama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuhlwa ayokoma futhi kusihlwa abe esekulungele ukuvunwa. Ukuze ugaye i-dahlia, kudingeka ube namafosholo amabili okumba noma amafolofu amabili engadi, i-hacksaw, ukugawula izihlahla zokusika iziqu kanye nommese wokugunda ama-garters. Okokuqala, iziqu ezivela ezitshalweni eziningana ziyasikwa, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emigqeni engu-2-3, khona-ke izigaxa ziyasuswa, amalebula asuswe. Ngemuva kwalokhu, izimpande eziyizigaxa zembiwa emhlabathini kanti amalebula aboshwe. Lapho ugaya, kufanele uzame ukungalimazi ama-tubers ezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, babuyela emuva kuso sonke isiqu (i-hemp) ngo-15-25 cm, bambe impande yeshubhu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, bayiphakamisa ngokucophelela, bebamba isiqu, basuse umhlabathi omncane ngenhla ngesandla bawususe ngokucophelela. Musa ukuphakamisa bese unyakazisa ishubhu emhlabathini ukuze kube nesiqu. Lokhu kungalimaza intamo yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukuqhekeka kwentamo engxenyeni ne-izimpande tub, njengomthetho, kuholela ekufeni kwethimba lezimpande ebusika.
Umsuka Dahlia © quinn.anyaEzindongeni zobumba ezisindayo, kungcono ukugaya ama-tubers kanye ne-pitchfork engadini noma amafosholo amabili avela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile, ebuya ku-hemp aze afike kubude bezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngosizo lwama-pitchforks engadi noma amafosholo amabili, izimpande zezimpande ziphakanyiswa zibheke phezulu ngesigaxa esikhulu somhlaba futhi zibekwe ngokucophelela endaweni ethile, zishukunyiswa kancanyana ukuze umhlaba omningi usabalale, wonke umhlaba unyakaziswe ngokushaywa okukhanyayo kwentende yesandla noma induku yokhuni. Ngezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibuthakathaka kungcono ukunganyakazisi inhlabathi. Lapho nezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa sezikhungulwe kancane futhi izingxenye zeziqu zomiswe kancane, zigcinwa ngokushesha lapho zigcinwa ngesigaxa somhlaba. Uma ama-tubers ezimpande kufanele agcinwe esitolo esinomswakama omningi, ama-tubers izimpande omisiwe ngokuphelele.
Ukulondolozwa kobusika kwe-dahlia yezimpande isikhathi esiyiso nesibucayi. Ngokwesiko kunezinhlobo eziningi ezindala zama-dahlias, akha ama-tubers amahle aminyene wezimpande angagcinwa ebusika ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezintsha ze-hybrid dahlia ezidalwe muva nje ngabasunguli baseRussia nabangaphandle, ezidlula kakhulu izinhlobo zakudala ngombala nomusa wesimo se-inflorescence, zivame ukungaphansi kohlobo oludala lokumelana ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngemithetho ethile yokugcina, izinhlobo ezintsha zigcinwe kahle.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © Olaf LeillingerImodi enhle kakhulu yokulondolozwa kwe-dahlia yezimpande ingukushisa kwe +3 - + 6 °. Ukugxila okubalulekile kufanele kukhokhwe kumswakama kwisitoreji, okufanele kugcinwe kungakapheli u-60-75%. Uma kungenzeka, i-dahlia kufanele ingene umoya ngokuvula ama-vents noma ngokuvula ngezikhathi ezithile fan noma ethathe umile. Ukuhamba komoya ngezikhathi ezithile kwisitoreji kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama wawo ofanayo, ovimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta.
Ngaphambi kokubeka izimpande zenjoloba ebusika, kubalulekile ukukhipha isitoreji kusengaphambili nge-fumigation yesibabule ngesilinganiso se-50 g yesibabule nge-1 m3 ivolumu yekamelo. Ngesikhathi sokugcwala, isitolo kufanele sivalwe, konke ukuvuleka kuxhunyiwe ngokuqinile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitoreji sigcotshwe kahle ngesisombululo se-bleach noma usimende osanda kufakwa.
Beka amashubhu ezimpande we-dahlia ukuze agcinwe emgqeni owodwa noma emibili emhlabathini owomile, isihlabathi noma ama-rack enkuni.
Root Dahlia © Ingadi YezokuthengaNgenkathi yobusika, okungenani kanye ngenyanga, ama-mizizi we-dahlia kufanele ahlolwe futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele ngokuya ngohlobo lomonakalo otholakele. Ukufa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ebusika kwesinye isikhathi kungahle kube ngumphumela wokukhula okungekuhle (ngokutshala okuqinile noma okutshalwe emhlabathini omanzi, obandayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi), kanye nomphumela ongemuhle wesithwathwa sokuqala kuma-dahlias anezintambo zezimpande ezingaphekiwe, kusuka ekugqokeni ngokweqile okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ukugqokwa okuphakeme okuphezulu ngamanyolo wamaminerali ephezulu kwi-nitrogen. Ezitshalweni ezikhula futhi ziqhakaze kahle, izicubu zentamo nezilimo eziyizigaxa zithukile, zingavuthiwe. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zalezi zitshalo zivame ukungalondolozwa kahle. Ukulondolozwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa esikhathini sasebusika nakho kuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu - kuma-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezomile kakhulu noma emvula ehlobo azitholi izakhi ezidingekayo futhi zingenaso isikhathi esanele sokuvuthwa ngokwanele; kusukela ezimweni zokumba kwabo - esimweni sezulu esineqhwa, lapho iqhwa liqala ukuna, noma kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukumba esimweni sezulu esina imvula, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimanzi, zisindayo, zisuka kalula futhi zibole kwisitoreji. Ukuphepha kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kubuye ngezici ezihlukile zezitshalo.
Ngokucabangisisa kahle zonke lezi zinto, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukuphepha okuphelele kwazo zonke i-dahlias ezimpande.
Phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali nezimbali, kusungulwe amasu amaningi ahlukahlukene okulondolozwa kwe-dahlia yezimpande. Lokhu kungokwemvelo, ngoba umlimi ngamunye unemikhuba yakhe ekhethekile yezolimo yezitshalo ezikhulayo, inhlabathi ehlukene, izimo zezulu ezihlukile, izimo ezihlukile zokugcina izimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngakho-ke, akunakuba nemithetho yokugcina evamile.
UDahlias (Dahlias) © Nino BarbieriUmvuseleli omdala kunabo bonke A. A. Grushetsky, engenaso isitoreji esikhethekile, wagcina ama-tubers we-dahlia ngezimo zegumbi emazingeni okushisa we-+12 - + 20 °. Wemba izimbiza eziyizimpande, ezama ukungalimali, wanyakazisa umhlabathi walala phansi endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ngeminyango evulekile namaqabunga efasitela izinsuku ezingama-5-6, wazomisa kahle, wabe esinquma zonke izimpande ezincane kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesibeletho esidala sangonyaka, wanqamula iziqu, washiya amahlumela ayisi-2-3 cm ubude entanyeni. Fafaza izindawo zokusika nge-lime-fluff noma okugcotshwe nge-lime gruel. Ngaphambi kokubekwa isonto lonke, ibigcina nezilimo eziyizigaxa emazingeni okushisa +20 - + 25 °. Ngalesi sikhathi, amakhefu nezigaba zinesikhathi sokumbozwa ngokhonkolo. Ngabe sengifaka amabhokisi angama-80x50x60 cm ngephepha eliminyene. Umhlaba owomile ochotshoziwe wathululelwa phansi (ungqimba 3 cm). Ngemuva kwalokho, waqala ukubeka phansi nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Umugqa ngamunye wezilimo eziyizigaxa, ngemuva kokubekwa ngaphezulu, wawumbozwa ngomhlaba nangaphezulu ibhokisi lambozwa ngokuqinile ngephepha. Kuleli phakethe, ama-dahlias agcinwe acishe abe yi-100%.
Abathandi abaningi ngaphambi kokubeka izimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa zokugcina ubusika bazicubungula ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. A.N. Ingcambu ye-izimpande ezisetshenzwe ngezimpande kanjengoku elandelayo. Izimpande eziyizigaxa ezembiwe emhlabathini zangena ngokushesha emanzini amahora amaningi (kusuka emahoreni amathathu kuya kwayi-12). Ngemuva kwalokho, ngejethi lamanzi noma ibhulashi, wageza ukunamathela enhlabathini yobumba wanquma zonke izimpande ezacile. Ngemuva kwalokho wabadlulisela esikebheni esinezixazululo ze-potassium permanganate ukuze nezilimo eziyizigaxa zazicwiliswa zigxunyekwe nengxenye yesobunxele. Isixazululo kufanele sibe nombala onsomi omnyama. Ngakho-ke ama-tubers aphikiswa kusuka emahoreni ayi-0,5 kuya kwayi-2. Ngenxa yalokho, kufanele athole umbala omnyama ophuzi wegolide noma onsundu okhanyayo. Amehlo namahlumela aluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi abonakala ekwindla, awahlupheki ngalokhu, noma ngabe umbala wezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa uncishiswa waba nsundu omnyama. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezineminyaka engu-40 kwekhambi, ngaphandle kokomiswa, zabekwa engaphansi futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3 zambozwa ngesihlabathi esimanzi esimanzi. Le ndlela yokulungiselela nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitoreji enikezwe ukulondolozwa okucishe kube yi-100%.
Umlimi wezimbali we-amateur S. G. Valikov ugcina ama-tubers we-dahlia engxenyeni engaphansi yomswakama kuma-sandboxes. Umisa kahle le nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezimbiwe, ahlanze inhlabathi, bese esusa zonke izimpande ezincane, nezimpande ezonakele nezibolile. Isiqu asishiyi ama-8-10 cm ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande. Walungisa amabhokisi (ngokuvamile awokhuni, abiyelwe ngodonga), awomise, amboze phansi nezindonga ngesendlalelo sezindaba ezimbili, bese ngobumnene agoqa izimpande zezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho ubafafaza ngesihlabathi somfula esibunjiwe ukuze kube khona ungqimba oluncane lwesihlabathi phezulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Usemboza amabhokisi aqhamuka ngaphezulu ngephepha abeke engaphansi, enze elinye ngaphezulu kwelinye kwelinye imigqa emibili. Kulesi sikhundla, ama-tubers we-dahlia izimpande aqhubeka kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc EvannoEbusika, uS. G. Valikov njalo ngenyanga uhlola amabhokisi. Lapho kuvela isikhunta, wesula amabhokisi ngensangu eyomile. Kulesi sisekelo sinye kubekwa amazambane, i-sauerkraut, ukhukhamba nezinye ukhukhamba. Ukushisa komoya egumbini elingaphansi kusuka ku-+2 - + 6 °. Umswakama ohlobene nesitoreji kufanele ukhuphuke njalo, ungekho ngaphansi kuka-70%. Ngale ndlela yokubeka, imfucuza yonyaka yesikhathi seminyaka engu-18 ifinyelelwe ku-4% yenani lezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshaliwe.
Inkinga enkulu nokudumazeka kunikeza abalimi ukugcinwa kwezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhule kusuka ku-cutways. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezithombo zokusika zezitshalo ezondliwe kakhulu nazo zonke izinhlobo zokugqoka eziwuketshezi eziphezulu ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu azigcinwa kahle. Lezi zitshalo zikhula kahle, ziyaqhakaza kahle, kepha izimpande zazo eziyizimpande zakha umhlana, zingenamandla, nezinamba eziningi zezimpande ezintekenteke. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo zigcinwa kangcono ngesigaxa somhlaba, ngaphandle kokuqhaqhazela, umoya omncane omile nomoya omusha ngesikhathi sokumbiwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-tubers abekwa engaphansi, angena umoya omncane ngama-vents. Uma umhlaba usabalale wonke ukusuka ezilinganisweni zezimpande futhi i-tuber ibuthakathaka, khona-ke ngemuva kokumiswa kalula kunconywa ukuthi kufakwe ebhokisini futhi kumbozwe nge-peat eyomile, umhlaba noma isihlabathi.
Izinhlobo eziwusizo ngokukhethekile ze-dahlia zingasakazwa futhi zigcinwe ngendlela yezitshalo zasehlobo, zibande kuzo zonke amahlumela kusuka ekunciphiseni. Izithombo ezisikiwe ezitshalwe emabhodweni zidalulwa endaweni ekhanyayo. Lezi zitshalo zihlala ziluhlaza ebusika bonke. Vele, ngale ndlela ungagcina inani elincane lezitshalo.
Izilimo zokusika zasehlobo (kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti) ezikhulele emabhodweni, ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, ziyahlanzwa egumbini elifudumele, futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, bazama ukunweba isikhathi sokukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, iziqu zokusika ziyanqunywa, bese kuthi emva kokoma, amabhodwe anamaqhubu asuswe kusisekelo (isitoreji).
S. G. Valikov wenza ukuhlola ngokulondolozwa kwamaqhubu akhulwe ezitshalweni zokusika zehlobo. Njengoba lokhu kuhlola kubonisile, ukuxhunyelelwa kukaJuni kunikeza ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwamaqhubu amancane kodwa avuthiwe ngokwanele futhi avuthiwe agcinwe kahle. Wayezigcina ezingaphansi komswakama ongaphansi kwamabhokisi ambozwe nge-peat noma ngesihlabathi esomile. Ukuphepha kwezinduna kwakungu-75-85%.
UDahlia (Dahlia) © Loïc EvannoNgoJulayi, ama-nodule athambile futhi mancane ngosayizi. Wagcina izihlakala ezinje ngeziqu eziyi-10-20 cm, wazisonga ngephepha eliwugqinsi, wazifaka emabhokisini wawafafaza nge-peat phezulu. Ukuphepha kwezimpande zezilimo eziyizigaxa kwaba ngu-60-80%.
Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kukaJuni nango-Agasti ukusikwa komhlaba ovulekile, hhayi kwakhiwa izimbotshana, kodwa kukhiqizwe ubukhulu (callus) kanye nenqwaba yezimpande ezincane, okubizwa ngokuthi "intshebe". S. G. Valikov wagcina amasampula anjalo ngeziqu eziyi-16-25 cm ubude ku-peat. Akazange anyakaze umhlabathi ezitshalweni ezazimbiwe, wawasusa ngokucophelela amaqabunga, wafingqa isiqu, wabeka ikhophi ngalinye ephepheni elithuliwe phezu kwalo, walisonga ngokucophelela. Izinhlamvu ezilungiselelwe ngale ndlela zifakwe emabhokisini abepakishwe nge-peat. Ngale ndlela, ukulondolozwa bekungaba ngu-50%, futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina okujwayelekile, noma ngisho nezinhlobo "zentshebe" ezigcwele isihlabathi noma i-peat bezingagcinwanga ngokuphelele.
