I-Coriander (Cilantro)

Isitshalo se-herbaceous sonyaka seCoriander sativum, esibizwa nangokuthi yi-coriander yemifino, siyilungu lomndeni iCoriander womndeni wakwa-Umbrella. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesinongo ekuphekeni, futhi futhi njengokuthi ukunambitheka ekwenzeni insipho, amakha kanye nezimonyo. Le nhlobo isitshalo sezinyosi. Igama elithi coriander livela egameni lasendulo lesiGreek, abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okususelwa egameni leli yigama elisho ukuthi "bug". Isitshalo esingavuthiwe sinephunga elifana nalelo elikhishwe yi-bug lapho sichotshozwa. Enye ingxenye yochwepheshe ikholelwa ukuthi igama elisuselwa kulo linegama elivela kulo, elisho ukuthi "iSt John's wort". Kulokhu, akwaziwa ukuthi kungani i-coriander yaqanjwa ngaleyo ndlela. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi i-coriander ne-cilantro bayisitshalo esisodwa. Kuze kube manje, akwaziwa kahle ukuthi lolu siko luvelaphi, ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa yaseMedithera. Lesi sitshalo e-UK, eCentral naseNtshonalanga Yurophu saqhamuka eRoma, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sivela e-Europe silethwa eNew Zealand, eMelika nase-Australia. Namuhla i-cilantro itshalwa kabanzi eCaucasus, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Ukraine naseCrimea.

Incazelo emfushane yokukhula

Ukufakelwa. Ukuze kulinywe ngaphakathi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi no-Mashi, futhi emhlabathini ovulekile ihlwanyelwa ngoMeyi-Mashi.
Ukukhanya. Indawo enombala noma okhanyiswe kahle.
Inhlabathi. I-sandy loamy noma inhlabathi evundayo, okufanele ibe yi-alkaline noma ingathathi hlangothi.
Ukunisela. Izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu futhi ngokuhlelekile. Lapho kuvela izithombo, ukuthambisa kumele kuncishiswe, ngenkathi inhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele ibe nomswakama kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kokuthi izihlahla seziqale ukukhula okusebenzayo kwesisindo esiluhlaza, kufanele ziphinde ziniswe kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho zizohamba ngombala. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, i-cilantro kufanele iniselwe futhi.
Umanyolo. Uma umanyolo obalulekile ungeziwe enhlabathini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukondla izihlahla.
Ukuzala. Imbewu.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi. Amakati, isambulela nezimbungulu ezimthende, ama-scoops asebusika nezinambuzane zawo.
Izifo. I-Ramulariosis, ukugqwala kanye ne-Powdery isikhutha.
Izakhiwo. Ama-greens wesitshalo esinjalo ahlukaniswa yi-anti-zingotic, analgesic, diuretic, anthelmintic kanye nomphumela we-expectorant. ICilantro iyisinongo esidumile.

Izici zeCoriander

ICilantro iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esinamakhambi. Ukwakheka kwezimpande yi-fusiform, ukuphakama kwesiqu esingenalutho kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,4 kuya ku-0.7 m, amagatsha engxenyeni engenhla. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-Basal asikiwe isikhathi eside, ahlakazeka emaceleni, i-tripartite ene-lobes ebanzi, kuyilapho onqenqemeni ungabandakanywa futhi uhanjiswa. Amacembe asezansi aphansi ahlukaniswe kabili ngamafuphi, kuyilapho amaqabunga angaphezulu naphakathi ephakathi esakhiweni sangasese sangasese. Esiqongweni se-peduncle kukhona izambulela ezingama-inflorescence, ezibandakanya imisebe engu-3-5, enezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana. Izithelo zingama-ovules aqinile enziwe ngesimo se-ovoid noma eyindilinga. Izimbali zenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi, isikhathi sokuvuthwa sezithelo sincike esimweni sezulu futhi sibonwa ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Ukuhlwanyela okusetshenziswayo kuhlala kusebenza iminyaka emi-2. Amakhambi anamafutha abizwa ngokuthi i-cilantro futhi asetshenziswa ngohlobo olomile nolusha, kuyilapho imbewu isetshenziswa njengesipayisi, esibizwa nge- coriander.

Khula coriander emafasiteleni

Uma ufisa, i-coriander ingatshalwa efasiteleni lakho, lapho imifino emisha izoba khona etafuleni lakho njalo. Amafutha anjalo aqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini nezinye izinto eziwusizo kakhulu futhi ezidingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. Izithombo zihlwanyelwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noMashi. Imbewu kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwengxube yomhlabathi oswakanyisiwe, ibheka ibanga elingaba ngu-70 mm phakathi kwawo, ngenkathi zingcwatshwa endaweni engaphansi kwe-10-15 mm. Izitshalo kufanele zimbozwe ngenhla nge-polyethylene esobala noma ingilazi, bese zibeka isitsha endaweni efudumele futhi enokhanyayo. Esimweni lapho amahora okukhanya kwelanga esesekufushane kakhulu ngaphezu kwezilimo, udinga ukufaka i-phytolamp noma isibani se-fluorescent endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-25.

Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela izithombo. Ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kunesidingo, kufanele kuthunyelwe ngendlela ehlelekile, ngenkathi i-condensate kumele isuswe endaweni yokukhosela. Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zifake amapuleti amaqabunga e-cotyledonous, ingilazi kufanele lisuswe. Imifino yokuqala inganqunywa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20.

Ukutshala i-coriander yangaphandle

Ukuze ukhule i-coriander enhlabathini evulekile, kuyadingeka ukhethe indawo lapho ukhukhamba, i-zucchini ne-squash, kanye nezitshalo ezihlobene nakho, kwakukhula ngaphambilini. Indawo kufanele ibe nelanga futhi ivikeleke ekubhalweni okungakapheli. Leli siko lingabuye l kutshalwe endaweni enomthunzi, kepha isithunzi asifanele lokhu, ngoba lapho i-cilantro ikhula ibe buthakathaka, ngenani elincane lamahlamvu, kuyilapho imicibisholo yezimbali yakha ekuseni ngokwanele, kuyilapho izithelo zikhula ezincane futhi zivuthwa isikhathi eside. Amathafa aphansi awakulungele ukuhlwanyelwa i-cilantro, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlahla azofakwa ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe. Isiko elinjalo likhula kahle kakhulu emhlabathini omncane we-alkaline noma ongathathi hlangothi, okufanele ube yi-loamy noma i-sandy loam.

Indawo kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela i-cilantro; ngoba lokhu, ukugaya kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngokufakwa kwe-humus (nge-1 imitha yesikwele sebhakethi le-½), okufanele lihlanganiswe hhayi nenani elikhulu kakhulu lomlotha wezinkuni. Esikhundleni salokho, kungafakwa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali (ngemitha eyi-skwele ukusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 amagremu). Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMashi-Meyi. Amahlumela aqala ukuvela kakade ekushiseni kwenhlabathi okungama-degree angama-4 kuya kwayi-6, kepha lapho ukufudumala komhlaba, izithombo zizovela ngokushesha.

Esizeni kuyadingeka ukwenza ama-grooves ajulile kakhulu, kuyilapho kuwo imbewu eyomile kufanele ibekwe izingcezu ezi-2 noma ezi-3, phakathi kwazo okugcina ibanga elingama-80 kuye kwayi-100 mm. Ibanga phakathi kwama-grooves kufanele lisuke kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15, kulokhu amahlathi akhulayo ngeke amboze omunye komunye kusuka kwimisebe yelanga. Imbewu ingcwatshwe enhlabathini ngo-15-20 mm. Lapho-ke izilimo kumele ziniselwe. Isikhathi sokubonakala kwezithombo sincike ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhoriyamu, izimo zokugcina kanye nesimo sezulu, futhi ziyahlukahluka kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingama-20.

Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Coriander

Ngemuva kokuba izithombo sezikhulile, zizodinga ukuncipha, uma kwenzeka leso sitshalo ngasinye siba nendawo eyanele yokukhula nentuthuko evamile. Kulezo zinhlanyelo ezikhule esidlekeni esisodwa, eziqine kufanele zishiywe, kanti ezisele kufanele zikhishwe. Ngokulandelayo, i-coriander kumele iniselwe, isuswe ukhula ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, futhi ibuye ikhulule inhlabathi yenhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla.

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Izilimo zidinga ukuhlinzekwa ngokuphuza kaningi futhi okuningi, ngoba imbewu ekhula kahle akufanele izizwe ingekho uketshezi. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo, ukunisela kufanele kuncishiswe, ngenkathi inhlabathi embhedeni kufanele ibe nomswakama kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo kwesisindo esiluhlaza, ubuningi bokunisela bukhuphukile, uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona lapho izihlahla zizohamba ekuseni kakhulu ngombala. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwezithelo kuqala, ukuthambisa kufanele kube yindlala kakhulu. Lapho umbhede uniselwa noma kunana, imvelo yawo kumele idedelwe, uma kungenjalo kuzoba nokutshala okuncane, kanti ama-inflorescence akhula kusenesikhathi ngokwanele.

Ivula i-cilantro

Ama-fertilizer anconyelwa ukuthi afakwe enhlabathini ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwezihlahla zamabhokisa akwenziwa. Isilimo sokuhlwanyelwa kufanele silungiselelwe ekwindla, ngoba, lapho kugaywa, umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus kanye nomquba ufakwa emhlabathini, kwathi entwasahlobo, kwenziwa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen ngaphambi kwezimbewu.

Imifino iyavunwa njengoba ikhula. Ngemuva kokukhula kwesiqu, imifino izoba yincane kakhulu, kanti amahlamvu ayoba, futhi inani lakhe lokudla lizoncipha. Uma unakekela isivuno kahle futhi unamathela emithethweni yezobuchwepheshe bezolimo we-cilantro, khona-ke esihlahleni esisodwa ngesizini ungasusa izilimo ezi-3 zokuhlanza izitshalo.

Endaweni lapho kutshalwe khona lesi sitshalo, ngonyaka olandelayo ungatshala isitshalo seqanda, kanye nabanye abamele umndeni we-nightshade.

Izifo nezinambuzane ze-coriander

Isifo

Uma i-coriander inganakekelwa kahle noma imithetho yezobuchwepheshe yezolimo ingabhekwa, amahlathi angathinteka ngenxa yokugqwala, i-ramulariosis noma i-powdery hlobo.

I-Ramulariosis

I-Ramulariosis yisifo sokukhunta esikhula ngokuqinile nomswakama ophezulu, uma kubanda kakhulu ehlobo futhi amazolo amaningi ehla ekuseni. Isifo esinjalo singabhubhisa ama-coriander bush. Amabala ansundu akhiwa phezu kwamapuleti amaqabunga, kuvela ukumbozwa okumpunga okupunga phezu kwawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle, isihlahla sibukeka sengathi sishisiwe, sife ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuze uvikele imbewu, kuyadingeka ukha imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala nesixazululo seFitosporin-M, futhi ngasikhathi sinye endaweni lapho kukhula khona i-cilantro ngonyaka odlule, kule sizini ngeke ihlwanyelwe.

Ukugqwala

Enye isifo fungal ukugqwala, kuvame kakhulu futhi kungalimaza kakhulu leli siko. Emahlathini athintekile, ama-pustule amafomu amnyama obomvu ebusweni bamapuleti amaqabunga, aklebhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bese kuthi ukuphuma kwezinhlamvana kuwo kuthathwe yizinambuzane noma umoya. Ukuze amahlathi angatholi ukugqwala, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanayo zokulwa nokulwa ne-ramulariosis.

I-Powdery hlobo

I-Powdery hlobo futhi yisifo sokukhunta. Engxenyeni esemoyeni yesitshalo esithintekile, amafomu okumhlophe amhlophe. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lolu phawu luba denser bese luguqula umbala walo lube nsundu. Lesi sifo sihlakulela kakhulu esimweni sezulu esomile nesibilikayo soshintsho olubucayi emazingeni okushisa nakomswakama. Inani elikhulu le-nitrogen enhlabathini nalo lingasiza ekufakweni kwesifo. Onke amahlahla anezifo kufanele asuswe enhlabathini ngokushesha futhi abhujiswe. Ukususa isifo esinjalo, uma ufuna, ungaphendukela kumakhambi esintu angelona ubuthi: amahlamvu kufanele aphathwe ngesixazululo sikasawoti womlotha noma nge-mullein entsha, ubisi oluvinjelwe noma otshalwe ukhula oluhlutshiwe.

Izinambuzane eziyingozi

Ku-cilantro, kungahlala isikhonkwane esinemichilo nesambulela, isibungu, kanye namacimbi okugcwala ebusika.

Njengoba ochwepheshe bengakucebisi ukufafaza izihlahla ngama-insecticides, ukuze kuvikeleke ukubonakala komudli wembewu ezihlahleni, imbewu kufanele ifakwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza indawo yonke imfucumfucu yesitshalo, futhi nomhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi uzodinga ukumbiwa okujulile.

Uma kuvela izimbungulu noma izinambuzane ze-scoop emithini, zizodinga ukuqoqwa ngesandla. Uma kukhula i-cilantro eningi, khona-ke amakhambi angalashwa ngesisombululo sokhuni lomlotha noma lwesinaphi, ungasebenzisa futhi ukumiliselwa kwama-anyanisi husks.

Izinhlobo zeCilantro

Ngezansi kuzochazwa lezo zinhlobo zama-coriander adume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.

Caribe. Le nhlobonhlobo yama-Dutch e-hybrid ivele muva nje. Emhlathini kunamahlamvu amaningi, anephunga elinamandla futhi elimnandi. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke simelana neqhwa. Amaqabunga awo athambile, futhi asetshenziswa njengokufisa kwezifundo zokuqala nezesibili, kanye namasaladi, kanti imbewu isetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa i-confectionery ne-marinade.
Amber. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokudubula kancane. Emabeleni kukhona inani elikhulu lamaqabunga anamakha kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo okunjalo kufaka amafutha amaningi abalulekile, imifino yawo yengezwa ezifundweni zokuqala nezesibili, futhi nakumasaladi, kuyilapho imbewu isetshenziswa kulungiswa amasoseji, ama-confectionery nama-marinade.
Borodinsky. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa okuphakathi ingadliwa emisha, kanti nama-nuts nayo ayalungiswa kuyo. Ukunambitheka kwale coriander kumnandi kakhulu, futhi iphunga lithambile.
Isikweletu. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa okuphakathi imelana nokuthena. Kusetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa ama-marinade nezitsha ezahlukahlukene.
Khuthaza. Izinhlobonhlobo zisekupheleni. Isihlahla sinokukhipha okuhlanganayo, okuqukethe amapuleti amnyama aluhlaza acwebezelayo, ubukhulu kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-25-30. Ama-cilantro anjalo angafakwa ezitsheni zenyama, amasaladi kanye nesobho.
IVenus. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa sekwephuzile ine-rosette ephakanyisiwe yamaqabunga. Imifino inokunambitheka okumnandi nephunga elijabulisayo, ifakwa kusaladi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene, imbewu isetshenziselwa ukunambitha isinkwa namakhekhe, futhi nokulungiselela ama-marinade.
Taiga. Izinhlobonhlobo zesipayisi ezivuthiwe, ezinenqwaba yamahlamvu, zipendiwe ngombala ogcwele, zinephunga elingajwayelekile. Imbewu isetshenziswa njengokuthosa, kanti imifino ingezwa ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene.
IVanguard. Le nhlobonhlobo yokuvuthwa okuphakathi iyaphawulwa. Ukukhuphuka kweqabunga kuphakanyisiwe, kunephunga elinamandla. Imbewu yengezwa kuma-marinade, namahlamvu omisiwe nasha ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene.

Kusathandwa namanje izinhlobo ze-cilantro ezinjenge: Alekseevsky, Inkosi yemakethe, i-Early, Kirovograd ne-Okthoba.

Izici zeCoriander: izinzuzo nokulimala

Izici eziwusizo ze-cilantro

AmaCoriander amahlumela namahlamvu kufaka i-rutin, i-carotene, amavithamini, izakhi zokulandela umkhondo kanye namafutha abalulekile, kanti izithelo ziqukethe amakhompiyutha e-steroid, ama-tannins, i-sucrose, i-fructose, i-glucose, i-polyphenols, uwoyela onamafutha, i-pectin, i-alkaloids, isitashi namafutha abalulekile. Isitshalo esinjalo siba usizo ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe ingxube yama-organic acid: i-linoleic, i-oleic, i-isooleic, i-ascorbic, i-myristic, i-stearic ne-Palmitic.

I-Coriander ihlukaniswa yi-anti-scintillating, analgesic, diuretic, anthelmintic and expectorant effect. Kuyasiza ukukhulisa isifiso sokudla, ukwehla kwegazi, ukungasebenzi kwegciwane lesisu, ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu kanye nombono, ukukhulisa amandla, ukuvusa ukusebenza kwezinso, futhi futhi i-cilantro isize ngokuqwasha, ukuqeda ukuvuvukala futhi kudambise ukungezwani kwemizwa, amandla namandla.

Ijusi yesiko elinjalo lisiza ekunciphiseni ukopha kwezinsini futhi liqinise, lisuse izinyo futhi likhubaze umlomo nge-stomatitis. IGreens isiza ekuhlanzeni umzimba womuntu nge-cholesterol eyingozi, futhi inomphumela omuhle emsebenzini wohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Uma udla amaqabunga e-coriander amaningana, unganciphisa imiphumela yotshwala bese uqeda i-hangover syndrome.

Contraindication

I-Coriander ayinakudliwa ngesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, isifo senhliziyo, i-thrombosis kanye ne-thrombophlebitis, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kanye nokushaywa unhlangothi, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe nababambekile. Uma udla i-cilantro eluhlaza ngokweqile, khona-ke ingalimaza ngisho nomuntu ophile ngokuphelele: kukhona ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini nokulala, kanye nokwenza inkumbulo ibe buthaka. Kwezinye izimo, imifino yokudla ngokweqile ingadala ukungezwani komzimba: Ubuhlungu esiswini, ukugabha, ukuqhuma okukhanyayo ebusweni besikhumba, isicanucanu kanye nesitulo esidabukisayo. Lapho nje izimpawu zokuqala zokungezwani komzimba ziqaphelekile, kubalulekile ukuthatha i-antihistamine ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga ezinjenge-Quema ye-Quema ne-anaphylactic shock zingavela maduze.