Isaladi, ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-biochemical, ithatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwemifino. Amaqabunga ayo aqukethe cishe wonke amavithamini aziwayo, kanye ne-organic acid, usawoti we-potassium, i-calcium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-cobalt, ithusi, i-iodine, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-molybdenum, i-boron, i-carotene, amavithamini C, B1, B2, E, K, I-PP, i-folic acid. Ngokwokuqukethwe kosawoti we-calcium, ulethisi uthatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwemifino, ngokuya kokuqukethwe kwensimbi - indawo yesithathu ngemuva kwesipinashi nama-chives, futhi ngokwemigomo yokuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kuyinto yesibili kuphela kuthanga ne-kohlrabi. Kwi-lettuce entsha, i-0.6-6.0 mg /% i-beta-carotene, i-65 mg /% i-malic, i-48 mg /% i-citric, i-11 mg /% i-oxalic acid.
I-lettuce eluhlaza yangaphandle ine-vitamin C eningi ne-carotene kuneyangaphakathi. Basebenzisa isaladi elisha. Ekhulwini le-XVII. ukwenza izitsha zesaladi kwakubhekwa njengesiqongo sobuciko bezobuciko. EJalimane bapheka ngawo amagilavu amhlophe, bawasusa kuphela ngokuxuba isaladi ngezandla. Kwakunqatshelwe ukusebenzisa isipuni noma imfoloko ukuze ungonakalisi ukunambitheka kwesitsha. Ubuciko obukhethekile be-Culinary babudumile kochwepheshe baseFrance bezokulungisa. E-cuisine yaseFrance, amaqabunga e-lettuce wonke ayenanyiswa ngososo okhethekile, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuthembeka kweqabunga.
Izitsha zilungiswa kuphela kusuka kumakhasi ahlanziwe, awomile we-ulethisi. Ukuba khona kokuphazamisa ukunambitheka kwamanzi. Eminye imifino ivame ukungezelelwa ku-ulethisi.
E-saladi ye-asparagus, awasetshenziselwa amaqabunga kuphela ekudleni, kodwa futhi neziqu, ezomisiwe zangaphambili. Banokunambitheka okumnandi, okubushelelezi nokuqabulayo.
Izici zokupholisa zesaladi zilukhuni ukuzedlula zonke. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okulinganiselayo kukasawoti we-potassium ne-sodium, kunciphisa ukumiswa kukasawoti futhi kusiza ukulawula i-metabolism yamanzi.
Ukuba khona kwama-organic acid (i-citric nabanye) kunomthelela okhuthazayo emzimbeni, kuthambisa isimiso sezinzwa, kuthuthukisa ukulala. Emithini yabomdabu, ukumfakelwa kwamaqabunga ulethisi oshunqisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukungabinakho ukuqaqamba, ukuqwasha. Ngenxa yobukhona be-Vitamin P, isaladi isiza ukuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
Lesi sitshalo sikhuthaza ukususwa kwe-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu, isiza ngokukhuluphala, ukuqina kwamathumbu, isifo sikashukela, sakha ukwakheka kwegazi.
Ijusi lesaladi elisha lithathwa ngenxa ye-gastritis engapheli, isifo se-peptic ulcer, futhi kuxutshwe ne-karoti, isithombo sebhitrudi nejusi ye-rap - ye-poliomyelitis, atherossteosis.
Isaladi (ulethisi)Isaladi, (lat.Lactuca sativa) - Isitshalo sonyaka noma se-biennial esivela emndenini i-Astrovidae, noma iCompositae, isiko lengadi.
Izwe lakulesi sitshalo alaziwa, kodwa manje selitshalwa kuwo wonke umuntu ezingadini zemifino. Kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zesaladi. Ifomu elijwayelekile isitshalo esingafika kumitha eyodwa ubude, sinesiqu esigcwele esinamagatsha anamazinyo noma esimile (esimile okokulima) i-obovate ovundlile, amaqabunga aqhekekile; izisekelo zamaqabunga zi-serate-swept; ohlangothini olungezansi komthambo ophakathi, amaqabunga atshalwe nge-setae. Izimbali ziphuzi, wonke umhlanga, uqoqwe ngamakhanda cylindrical, efanayo nasaladi yasendle; amakhanda aqoqwe yi-whisk. Ababhali abaningi bathatha i-sativa yeLactuca kuphela ngezinhlobo zamasiko zeLactuca scariola.
Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ze-lettuce ziwe emigqeni emibili:
- ulethisi wamaqabunga, lapho amaqabunga angakhi isiqu,
- ukusonga, kanye nesaladi yamaRoma noma isaladi le-romaine; kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, amaqabunga akha inhloko ethe xaxa noma engatheni, futhi kwisaladi yaseRoma ikhululeka kakhulu.
Isaladi (ulethisi)Ukukhetha indawo nenhlabathi
I-leaf kanye nekhanda ulethisi lukhule emhlabathini ovulekile futhi uvikelekile njengama-compactors nezitshalo ezima zodwa. I-Lettuce isitshalo esinamandla esibandayo futhi esibandayo. Izitshalo ezisencane zibekezelela iqhwa le-1-2 ° C. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo, ulethisi ungahlwanyelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ukutshala ubusika kungenzeka futhi.
Izinga lokushisa elifanelekayo lokukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo ngu-10-17 ° C. Isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile, isaladi spins masisha futhi empeleni ayenzi umkhiqizo ongathengiswa.
Kuyinto ekhethiwe mayelana nomswakama womhlaba nomoya. Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi ngokulinganayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umswakama owedlulele unomthelela ekusakazeni kwezifo zokukhunta futhi wehlise ikhwalithi yesitshalo.
Isaladi, njengazo zonke izilimo ezikhula ngokushesha, iyadingeka ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi. Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu owenzelwe umquba obolile, owethulwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla (ngoSepthemba), noma i-humus (umquba) - 4-5 kg nge-1 sq.m. INitrofoska (60-70 g ngayinye) noma inani elihambisanayo lomanyolo olula lingeziwe kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali. Isaladi alikhuli emhlabathini wenhlabathi. Kungcono ukukhulisa ulethisi emhlabathini otshalwe kahle ongathathi hlangothi (pH 6.8-7.2).
Isaladi (ulethisi)Ukunakekelwa
Izithombo zingatshalwa emabhokisini okuhlwanyelwa ingxube yomhlaba wesod ne humus (1: 1). Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli 5-10 kuya ekujuleni kuka-1 cm emigqeni emabhokisini, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa liyi-1.5-2 cm. Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu kwebhokisi ngalinye kucishe kube ngu-1. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ihlanganiswa kancane. Izithombo zikhule ngaphandle kokukhetha, izithombo zinwetshwe ngaphandle, kusale ibanga elingama-2 cm phakathi kwezitshalo.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 35, izithombo sezikulungele ukutshala. Esigabeni samaqabunga amathathu kuya kwine, izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini. Batshala ukuze intamo yezimpande isezingeni lomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizoqala ukubola.
Isaladi lidinga indawo ethile yomsoco. Izilimo zamasaladi we-lettuce zinqunywa ngamasentimitha ayi-15-25, ngokuya ngobuningi bezinhlobonhlobo, kanti nezitshalo ezisusiwe zisetshenziswa njengokudla. Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zitshalwa endaweni eyi-10x10 cm, maphakathi ekuqaleni kuka-15x15 cm, sekuvuthiwe ukuvuthwa kuka-25x25 cm.
Izinhlobo zasemuva zokumelana nokudubula okuhlwanyelwe ehlobo. Ukunweba isikhathi sokuthola imifino, ama-saladi amaqabunga atshalwa emva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, iklabishi - izikhathi ezi-2: entwasahlobo, ehlobo (ekuqaleni kukaJuni naphakathi no-Julayi), izinhlobo ezintathu ngasikhathi (ekuqaleni kuka, maphakathi, sekwephuzile) ngasikhathi.
Hlwanyela imbewu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezinhlotsheni zeklabishi sekwephuzile, kuyadingeka ukukhulisa amakhanda weklabishi ngokunqamula ukuze ihlumela lembewu likhule ngokukhululekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwesaladi kuqukethe ukulima okuhlelekile nokususa ukhula. Imifino enamahlamvu aluhlaza, ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwayo kokuqala, isebenzisa izakhamzimba ezivela enhlabathini esikhathini esifushane (Izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngokushesha kunezinye izilimo). Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezilimo eziluhlaza, inhlabathi kumele ivunwe ngamanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali. Isaladi inenzuzo ekudleni okunomsoco we-potassium nitrate.
Isaladi (ulethisi)Izinhlobo
Isaladi emincane noma yecrispy
I-dense lettuce, noma isaladi yaseMelika yakha inhloko eminyene kakhulu, amaqabunga ayo ekrisimesi angathi agcwele amanzi. Ziguqa iyonke, zigobeka zibe ikhanda eliqinile. Igcinwe kahle esiqandisini.
Izinhlobonhlobo: I-Kupheriavets Odessa (ingahle ivele ngaphandle), i-Olympo, i-Olimpiki, iTarzan, i-Keltic, i-Roxette, iSaladin, ishesha, i-Siren
I-clavier inenxenye, ithambile kakhulu inomhlaba ovulekile. Tshala isisindo kuze kufike ku-500g.
Ikhanda elikhulu - lomhlaba ovulekile, lingatshalwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Qondisa ikhanda kuze kufike ku-400g.
Isaladi leBatavia - isaladi yaseFrance - Akha amakhanda athambekele kalula, futhi amaqabunga anezihlakala eziwothambile futhi athambile kunalolo ulethisi osondelene.
Isaladi (oily) isaladi
Isaladi e-loose, ngokungafani nesaladi yaseMelika, inamaqabunga acwebile, abushelelezi futhi athambile. Agoba kuphela kusuka ngaphansi bese akha inhloko emnyama yeklabishi. Ngaphakathi, amaqabunga azizwa enamafutha lapho ethintwa, ngakho-ke la masaladi abizwa nangamafutha noma uwoyela. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa kusuka engadini, ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, inani lama-nitrate landa kakhulu. Ama-petioles amancanyana namaqabunga amakhulu anconyiwe ukuba asuswe. Imvamisa etshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Izinhlobonhlobo: I-Berlin ephuzi, i-festival, iNoran (yenhlabathi evikelekile), i-Kado (esongelwe yisigamu), Isifunda saseMosesi, iSesame (isigamu esigoqiwe, isicelo sendawo yonke), Umtsalane, uStubborn (odwetshwe), Umnikelo, uLabuza.
Isaladi yaseRoma
I-Romaine lettuce iyisihlobo esiseduze senhloko ye-ulethisi futhi inezidingo ezifanayo zokunakekelwa. AmaRomain asenebele, anamakhasi anamaqabunga e-crisp, aqondiswe ngqo phezulu, akha amakhanda. Ikhanda leklabishi lakhiwa kahle, kepha ekusebenzeni okuhle kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi liboshwe ngaso linye. Le isaladi ayimakhaza kangako futhi ilungele ukugcotshwa ubusika. Uvuthwa isikhathi eside kunezihloko ezinhlobonhlobo. Zikhulisa ikakhulu ekwindla. Ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga amasha kuqinile, kepha lolu hlobo lwesaladi lungabiliswa. Imishanguzo engenisiwe imvamisa imakwe ngokuthi “cos”
Izinhlobonhlobo: amaVeradarts, eParis, eSovsky, eBalon.
I-Leaf letter, chives, isaladi e-stall
I-leaf lettuce, chives, isaladi e-stall (ithusi, i-lollo, i-struvelpeter). Bakha ama-rosette axegayo futhi beza namaqabunga abomvu naluhlaza. Amaqabunga amancanyana abuthakathaka angafakwa nge-ovoid noma e-obovate ngesimo, esinamaphayiphu, avuthayo, aqhakazwe noma ahlakazeke emaphethelweni e-lobes. Ungakhipha amaqabunga ngamanye ngaphandle kokukhipha isitshalo sonke. Amakhanda ala masaladi akaboshwe.
Izinhlobo:
- I-Ballet iyibanga lomhlaba wonke elivikelwe futhi elivulekile. Unqabe ukudubula. Iqabunga liluhlaza, luhlaza crispy, onqenqemeni lubekekile. Isisindo se-300-600g.
- I-Oaklet MS - yomhlaba ovulekile. Amaqabunga atholakala oki. Unqabe ukudubula. Tshala isisindo kufika ku-250g.
- URobin uyefana ne-Oaklet MS, kodwa ngombala onsomi.
- I-Emerald - ngokubuya kwasebusika-ebusika. Isizini ephakathi. Kushiya obovate. Ukunambitheka okuhle. Unqabe ukudubula. Isisindo 60g.
- ICritset - yendawo evikelekile nevulekile. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, kuvuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-40-45. Amacembe amancanyana. Ukumelana nokudubula nokushisa. Isisindo se-250g.
Ezinye izinhlobo: iRiga, iRed Fire, iKamarnyansky, iMosco Greenhouse, unyaka omusha.
Isaladi le-Asparagus (isiqu)
I-Asparagus noma i-stem isaladi (i-Uysun) yakha isiqu esinde esiminyene, embozwe kahle ngamaqabunga, asetshenziselwa ukudla. Lolu hlobo lusatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi eMpumalanga Ekude, China, Korea. Hlukanisa phakathi kwamaqabunga anwebekile naphakathi, amaqabunga amancanyana acwengekile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamaqabunga ezinqabile zesaladi le-asparagus. Iziqu zalesi saladi zikhula zibe imitha ubude nobukhulu besandla. Emapheya, asikwa abe isaladi, abiliswe njenge-asparagus.
Isaladi (ulethisi)Ukuhlanza
I-leaf lettuce ivunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40 ngemuva kokuvela. Ngokwengxenye, ingavunwa ngaphambili ngokunciphisa izitshalo noma ukusika amaqabunga ngamanye. Ukuhlanzwa kokugcina (kanye nezimpande) kwenziwa ngaphambi kokudubula kuqala lapho kusungulwa amahlamvu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye endaweni yokuphuma.
I-Lettuce yekhanda ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu ezinhlobo:
- Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, okuphakathi nendawo nokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zinesikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-40-50, amaqabunga angama-6- 6 ashiya irosette enobubanzi obungu-17-20 cm nekhanda elincane 5-8 cm.
- Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo zinesikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-50-60, amaqabunga angama-8-10 ashiya irosette enobubanzi obuyi-21-30 cm nekhanda elijwayelekile elingama-10-13 cm.
- Izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zinesikhathi sokukhula sezinsuku ezingama-70-80, ama-9-12 ashiya irosette enobubanzi obungu-30-35 cm nekhanda leklabishi 14-16 cm ngosayizi.
Ukuvunwa kokukhetha kuqalwa lapho amakhanda eklabishi esefinyelele kusayizi wezinhlobonhlobo (mayelana nenqindi). Izitshalo ezingakhuli ngokuphelele zishiywe zikhule. Ukuchelela okukhulu kungabambezela ukwakheka kweziqu zezimbali isikhathi eside, kepha akunconywa ukugcina isaladi ngaphandle: amaqabunga aba munyu eklabishi angavuthiwe. I-leaf kanye nekhanda ulethisi, obekwe emasakeni epulasitiki, ugcinwa esiqandisini amasonto amabili ekushiseni kuka -1 ... + 2 ° C.
Isaladi le-Asparagus. Ukuze amaqabunga e-saladi ye-asparagus angakucindezeli ukukhula nokukhula kwesiqu, asuswa lapho nje efika kubude be-15-20 cm. Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokutshala, esigabeni sokuhluma, isaladi le-asparagus liyasuswa, lisusa izimpande ezisalelayo. Ukuhlanza kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Esiqandisini endaweni yokushisa engu-0 ° C, isaladi ye-asparagus ihlala izinsuku ezingama-25 (futhi ifike ezinsukwini ezingama-50 ezikhwameni ze-hermetic). Ithathwe kusuka ezimpandeni, lolu hlobo lwesaladi lugcinwa isikhathi eside kuma-cellars noma emagumbini okugcina izithombo ngaphandle kokukhanya.
Isaladi (ulethisi)
