Ama-alimondi ayizihlahla noma izihlahla ezincane ezifika ku-10 m ukuphakama (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo) kanye nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande olufinyelela ku-4-5 m ngokujula. Umqhele wesihlahla ungaba nxazonke, uphiramidi, uqhume futhi ukhale ngisho nokukhala.
Ama-alimondi (I-Prunus dulciskudala - I-Prunus amygdalus noma Amygdalus communis) - isitshalo sama-subgenus Almonds (I-Amygdalus) uhlobo Plum. Ama-alimondi ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njengamantongomane, yize kusuka endaweni yokubuka ebonakalayo eyisithelo esiyitshe.
Ama-alimondi atshalwa kabanzi emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili ikhula eCentral Asia, eTranscaucasia, eCrimea, ezifundeni zaseDanube nasezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Isihlahla se-almond (Prunus dulcis)Imininingwane ye-almond
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina ze-almond ezijwayelekile - ezibabayo (zasendle) futhi ezihlakulelwe okumnandi. Imbewu (umongo) obabayo iqukethe i-amygdalin eyi-4%, eyinikeza ukunambitheka okumunyu nephunga le- “almond”; ngezindlela zamasiko, umongo ubumnandi ngesikhumba esimile. Ngokuya ngenani lokudla okunempilo, i-almond kernel ayibekeki phansi isinkwa, ubisi nenyama kuhlanganiswe. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nendawo yokukhula, iqukethe uwoyela onamafutha angama-54-62%, amaprotheni angama-22-34%, ushukela ongu-4-7%, amavithamini B1, B2, njll. Amafutha e-Almond awashisi. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zabo, amantongomane angagcinwa futhi adliwe iminyaka eminingi.
Izimbali ze-almond zikhulu, zimhlophe noma zipinki (ama-alimondi okuhlobisa angaba kabili), amakha. Izihlahla ze-alimondi eziqhakazayo (Mashi-Ephreli) nazo zibalulekile njengezitshalo zokuqala zoju, zinika kuze kube ngu-40 kg uju ngehektha ngalinye.
Izihlahla ze-almond ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-4-5 emva kokutshala, futhi zibe nezithelo ezigcwele ngonyaka we-10-12. Isivuno esijwayelekile, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, sisuka ku-6 kuya ku-12 kg we-walnut ehlutshiwe esihlahleni, kanti impilo yesihlahla uqobo iyiminyaka engama-60-100.
Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ze-Almond © Fir0002 / iFlagstaffotosIzithelo ze-alimondi ziyidrape ebukeka futhi ibukeka njengesithelo esiluhlaza peach, ene-pubescent pericarp, eqhekeka ngemuva kokuvuthwa (ngo-Agasti-Septhemba) ibe amaqabunga amabili eceleni komthungo, ikhulula itshe.
Ngokusho kobunzima begobolondo, izithelo zama-alimondi, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, zingahunyushwa kanzima, zisezingeni - futhi zithambe kalula. Uma igobolondo elincanyana, liphezulu iphesenti lokukhipha kwe-kernel. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwe-kernel ku-nati kungaphezu kwama-40%, khona-ke ubunzima begobolondo buncipha ukusuka kwesikotini esithambile kuya ephepheni, okubhujiswa iminwe nje.
Ngokubukeka nangokwakheka, i-almond kernel ifana ne-apricot kernel, kodwa inkulu kakhulu - isisindo sayo isuka ku-0.9 iye ku-2.2 g.
Izimo ezikhulayo ze-almond
Ama-alimondi anezithombe eziningi, amelana nesomiso, akakwazi ukubekezelela ukushisa nobusika, futhi aqine kakhulu ebusika: amelana namaqhwaqhwa angamamitha angama-25 ° C, kepha iqhwa lasentwasahlobo liyabulala izimbali.
Ngokutshala ama-alimondi, umuntu kufanele akhethe izingxenye eziphakeme zemishayo emikhulu noma eminye imithambeka, evikelwe ethonyeni eliqondile lemimoya ebandayo yasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, enyakatho nasempumalanga. Kuma-alimondi, akhethelwa “izinkundla zemidlalo” eziphakeme ezivuleke eningizimu.
Izithelo nembewu ("nati") yama-alimondi. © NovaInhlabathi. Ama-alimondi akhula kahle futhi athela izithelo kuma-clays akhanyayo kanye nama-loams, kanye nakuma-chernozem ajwayelekile, e-carbonate kanye leached. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwelamula enhlabathini noma ngaphansi komhlaba kubonisa ukufaneleka kwayo engadini ye-alimondi. Zonke kufanele zishaywe kahle, izinhlabathi ezinobumba ezinomswakama ezinosawoti kanye nosawoti azifaneleki ngokuphelele.
Ukutshala i-almond
Ukutshala kwenziwa izithombo zaminyaka yonke ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngokuya ngohlelo 7 × 5 noma 7 × 4 ngokujula okuncane kwendawo yokugoma. Zonke izinhlobo zama-alimondi zidinga impova yokuwela-impova, ngakho-ke izinhlobo eziphambili kufanele zitshalwe ngezinhlobo ezi-pollinating ezingama-4-6, zishintshwe (lapho kutshala izihlahla) imigqa engu-4-5 yezinhlobonhlobo eziphambili nomugqa owodwa we-pollinators. Ngamanye amagama, ukuze umuthi we-alimondi uthele izithelo ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izihlahla okungenani ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu kufanele zikhule eduzane. Ama-alimondi awuhlobo oluyizinambuzane oluphumelela kakhulu impova lapho izinyosi ziwuthwala oluphambili lwempova. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza engadini, kungakuhle ukuthi ubeke imichilo engama-3-4 ngehektha ngalinye.
Ukusakazeka kwe-almond
Ukukhiqizwa kwama-alimondi ikakhulukazi kuyimifino - ngokuhluma (ngokufaka inoculation), nangembewu. Izimpande zezithombo ziyizithombo zama-alimondi obabayo noma amnandi, amapetshisi, ama-plums noma ama-plums, atshaliwe eneminyaka emibili.
Isihlahla se-almond. © Manfred HeydeI-almond Formation
Ngokushesha nje emva kokutshala entwasahlobo, izithombo zom-alimondi zonyaka zifushaniswa ngesilinganiso esingamamitha angama-80-120, zenze isiqu ukuphakama kube ngu-60-80 cm, kuthi indawo yomqhele ibe ngu-30- 40 cm. Onke amagatsha esiqubeni anqunywa abe yindandatho, futhi endaweni yomqhele ancishiswa ngamehlo ayi-2-3. . Kwamahlumela akhula ngokwedlulele, ama-3-4 anamandla kakhulu asele (amagatsha wamathambo we-oda lokuqala). Eminyakeni engu-3-4, umqhele wakhiwa ngohlobo lwesitsha, esifana nepiki.
Izihlahla zom-alimondi zeminyaka engu-4-5 emva kokutshala zithambisa - susa amagatsha aqhakambisa umqhele, amahlumela aqhakazayo nabancintisana. Ukukhula minyaka yonke kudlula ama-60 cm, futhi amagatsha ayisigamu samathambo angaphezulu kweminyaka engu-4-5 abuyiselwa kuzinkuni ezineminyaka emithathu.
Izihlahla ze-alimondi ezindala noma ezilimele zingavuselelwa kalula ngemuva kokuthenwa kokuguga. Uma izihlahla zinganqunwanga isikhathi eside, khona-ke kuzoba namagatsha amaningi amanoni, amagatsha angenamikhono azokwandiswa kakhulu, nokwakhiwa kwezithelo kube okungenakuphila.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-almond
Ngesikhathi sokutshala izihlahla zezihlahla zama-alimondi, inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kwesidima esimnyama, ikhululwe njalo, futhi iniselwe uma kungenzeka. Ekwindla sekwephuzile, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo - izinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba, amaconsi ezinyoni), usawoti we-phosphoric ne-potassium. Umanyolo oqukethe i-Nitrojeni kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphambi kukaJuni, kepha ungagcini lapho.
