I-watermelon isitshalo saminyaka yonke esingelomndeni wethanga. Abanye babheka amakhabe njengamajikijolo, kodwa empeleni izithelo zawo ngamathanga, afana ngesakhiwo namajikijolo.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zezithelo zamakhabe - i-spherical, oval ngisho ne-cubic. Amagxolo e-Watermelon akahlukile kakhulu ku-colorings futhi angaqukatha, ngaphezu kwe-monotonous shades (omhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani, omnyama), onemigqa, amathe kanye namaphethini amabala.
Ukwehlukahlukana kwemibala kuhlukile epulpini le-watermelon - kunemibala epinki, emhlophe, ephuzi neminye imibala ngaphakathi kwezithelo. Izinhlobo zamakhabe zihlukaniswa ngokuvuthwa, futhi le nkomba ibaluleke kakhulu enqubeni yokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zokutshala esifundeni ngasinye.
Into ekhona ukuthi ikhabe lingumbala ojwayelekile ekunakekelweni futhi lithambekele ezimweni zesimo sezulu, maqondana nalo, ezindaweni eziningi zeRussian Federation, bahlakulela izinhlobo eziphezulu zokuqala nezokuqala. Kokudume kakhulu emhlabeni, okulandelayo kufanele kuqashelwe:
Izinhlobo zamakhabe
Ikhabe eliphuzi oluhlukaniswa ngokuwela ejwayelekile futhi zasendle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ikhasi lakhona lifana nekhabe elijwayelekile, futhi ngaphakathi kwalo liphuzi ngokuphelele futhi liqukethe imbewu embalwa kakhulu. Le ikhabe lidume kakhulu ezweni lakubo - eThailand, kanye naseSpain, lapho, linikezwe khona amakhalori aphansi (angama-38 kcal kuphela).
Ngokuvamile kudliwe ngabantu ekudleni. Ngokuvamile, ukugcotshwa nge-vithamini A, i-folic acid, i-calcium ne-iron kwenza ukuhlukahluka kube lusizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okubukwayo namasosha omzimba.
Watermelon Far F1 - Isivuno esisezingeni eliphakeme saseMelika, ngokushesha sipela hybrid enezithelo ezinkulu (kusuka ku-10 kg) ze-ellipsoid-cylindrical. I-Pulp - umbala obomvu, uqukethe imbewu enkulu. Ithambekele ekuvuthweni okweqile, ngakho-ke ngeke ihlale isikhathi eside ku-ikhabe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-7.
I-Ataman watermelon - Uhlobo lokuqala, olukhiqiza phezulu olunezithelo ezi-round-ellipsoidal ezinesisindo esingama-3-4 kg. I-peel ilula, iluhlaza, ibushelelezi, i-pulp ine-hue ebomvu ecebile nokunambitheka okumnandi okucolile. Izici - ukumelana nesomiso, ngokuthambekele ekuthambekisweni yi-fusarium ne-anthracnose.
I-Watermelon Karistan - Enye yez nzalo ezintsha, yokuvuthwa okuphakathi. Ubukhulu bezithelo zalo abuhle neze ngaphansi kokwephuzi futhi bunesisindo esingu-10 kg. Phakathi kwezinzuzo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ukuthutha okwandisiwe nokumelana nokushiswa kwefusarium.
I-Watermelon Lady F1 - i-hybrid enokuvuthwa kokuqala kwe-Ultra. Izithelo ze-Oblong zinombala omthende wendabuko futhi zithola ubunzima obungu-12-15 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana neFusarium futhi kuvame ukubekezelela ukungabikho kokuswakama kwenhlabathi, ukuqhekeka kwezithelo kungenzeki.
I-Watermelon Dumara F1 - Uhlobo lokuqala lokuvuthwa lwaseMelika. Izithelo zinomumo we-ellipsoid-cubic kanye nokubekezelelana okujwayelekile kokuhamba.
I-Watermelon Red Star F1 futhi naseMelika kwehluka ngezithelo ezinobukhulu obuncane (ama-4-8 kg), luhlaza ngombala omnyama, ozungezwe ngesimo. Ukuvunwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kuthathe isikhathi eside - izithelo zivuthwa kancane kancane ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-65 esidlulile selokhu kwahluma izithombo. Iyamelana nengcindezi, futhi ayesabi nokuhamba.
I-watermelon arashan
I-hybrid enezithelo eziphakeme ezivela eHolland enepulpiti ekrisimu nejusi. Izithelo zinesisindo esingu-11 kg, zilungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.
I-Watermelon Trophy F1 - Ngokushesha i-hybrid yaseMelika elele enezithelo eziluhlaza eziyindilinga. Iyahanjiswa, iyamelana ne-fusarium.
I-Watermelon Crimson Suite - Uhlobo lokuqala lokuvuthwa olunezithelo eziyindilinga ezinesisindo esingu-3-8 kg. Imivimbo engu-classic iguqukela ekhasini elincane, elikhazimulayo. Ukunambitheka kwe-crispy pulp kuthambile. Izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zilwa nomonakalo owenziwe yiFusarium, Anthracnose ne-powdery hlobo.
I-Watermelon Romanza F1 - Izinhlobo ezixubile zemvelaphi yama-Dutch, imvelaphi ephakeme ekunakekelweni kwayo okuhambelana nesivuno esikhulu. Izithelo zinesisindo esifinyelela ku-7.5 kg, futhi zinekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yokugcina, azikho neze izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokuqala.
I-Watermelon Mascot F1 - ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene okuphakathi okuphakathi, okunikwa umkhiqizo ophakeme kanye nokuphikisa okuphakathi ku-fusarium wilt. Kuboniswa ngezithelo ezinkulu eziyimicu emincane enesisindo esingu-10-12 kg ngembewu ebukhulu.
I-Watermelon Bonta F1 - Izinhlobo ezixubile zokuvuthwa zakuqala kakhulu, ezivinjwa yimizamo ehlangene yabalimi abavela e-USA naseNetherlands. I-peel ine-coating enhle evikela i-fetus ekushisweni yilanga. Umumo wezithelo ungububanzi, ububanzi be-25 cm, isisindo 7-8 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zehlukaniswa ukubonakala kanye nokuhamba.
Ikhabe elimnyama - okukhethekile kwangempela futhi kubiza kakhulu. Ikhula kuphela esiqhingini saseJapan iHokkaido, futhi lesi ngesinye sezici zayo eziningi ezihlukile. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ikhasi lidwetshwe mnyama, liphinde libe nemicu evamile.
Amanye amakhabe amnyama awunazo imbewu nenyama ephuzi. Kodwa-ke, i-ikhabe elimnyama kuzofanela "ukubeka phansi" emakethe cishe ngama- $ 250, endalini yomhlaba wonke, futhi ngisho nangaphezulu - ngama- $ 1000. Sibhekene nejikijolo ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni!
Ukulima ikhabe elingaphandle
Ukhula lwamakhabe luphawula ukugcinwa okuyimpoqo kwemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa futhi, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, isimo sezulu esifundeni. I-watermelon itshalwe endaweni enelanga, evikeleke kahle kusuka ekuhlakaleni.
Eningizimu, lokhu sekuvele kwenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku-16 ℃. Ezimweni zokuphakama okuphakathi, amakhabe atshalwa ngokutshala imbewu eyomile (ngaphandle kwendlela yokutshala) ngokufika kokushisa okuzinzile, noma, ngempumelelo, izithombo. Ukutshala kwabantu akumele kudlule emapulini ayi-3 ngemitha eyodwa.
Ama-watermelons adinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezigaba zokuqala zokukhula kwawo. Ngokuqala kokuqhakaza, ukujula kokuqina kumele kwehliswe kakhulu. Futhi, ngaphezu kokunisela okusesilinganisweni, kubalulekile ukugcina inhlabathi ingaxegi.
I-Plum iyisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokutshala enkundleni evulekile ngozungu lwakho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kulula ukukhula, futhi izithelo zayo zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zisetshenziswa ezitsheni eziningi. Ukugwema izinkinga kulinywayo, kufanele unamathele emithethweni eminingana. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo kule ndatshana.
I-Watermelon Primer
Kuthinta kakhulu i-ikhabe nokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhetha isihlabathi esivundile kuyo, ukukhanya kwayo okuvusa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande. Umswakama oso ku-6.5-7.0 wamukelekile, enhlabathini ene-asidi eningi izithelo ziba zincane futhi zingaqhekeka, zingakavuthwa.
Ngokwezincomo zesimanje, kungcono ukungatshali amakhabe ezindaweni ezitshalwe ngaphambilini ngamakhabe nightshades, kuyilapho amabele obusika kanye ne-alfalfa kuyinto eyizimbongi ezifanele.
Umanyolo we ikhabe
Ama-watermelons adinga ukuvundiswa ngezikhathi zezimbali nangaphambi kokufakwa kwezithelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela. Njengokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukugqokwa kwamaminerali aphezulu noma izinto eziphilayo ezilungiselelwe ngezandla zakho.
Akunakusho ukuthi umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe ngokweqile komthamo onconyiwe, ngoba izithelo ngenxa yalokhu kungenzeka zingakhuli nakancane. Ngokubheka isimo sezitshalo, unganquma isidingo sokugqoka eziphezulu - okuphuzi nokunamahloni kuyasidinga, kodwa okunempilo nokuluhlaza akusikho.
Ngemuva kokubeka izithelo, ukondla kumele kumiswe. Akunandawo yomquba omusha emibhedeni, ngasikhathi sinye singatholakala sigqitshwa, kuphela ezansi komgodi onothuli lobumba ngaphezulu, ngaphambi kokufakelwa.
Ukuncipha amakhabe
Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zokwakheka. Lapho ukhule ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, shiya amajikijolo angama-5-8 bese unamathisela isiswebhu, ngaleyo ndlela ube nesandla ekuvuthweni kwamakhabe isikhathi esifushane samahlobo asishisayo kakhulu.
Eningizimu, ungashiya amajikijolo amaningi, kuzo zombili izimo, isiswebhu ngaphezulu kwesithelo kufanele sikhuliswe ngo-10-15 cm, futhi inqubo yokunciphisa kufanele iqale lapho amakhabe efinyelela usayizi wama-apula asayizi aphakathi.
I-Watermelon Shelter
Ukuvimbela ama-watermelons ukuthi aqandeke endaweni evulekile ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu zesifunda saseMoscow, iLeningrad Region, i-Urals kanye ne-Siberia, zimbozwe ngefilimu ezimpondweni ebusuku, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngoJuni 10, kuze kube yilapho isithwathwa sinyamalala.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yekhabe for izithombo
Okokuzalela amakhabe, kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala. Kubandakanya ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, kucatshangelwa izici zokuhlukahluka (okungukuthi, isikhathi sokukhula).
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sokukhula - inkulu kakhulu, eyokuqala udinga ukuyitshala. Imbewu igoqwe ngendwangu emanzi, ihlanzwe endaweni efudumele bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho igoba. Emanzini okumanzisa izicubu, kunconyelwa ukufaka isithasiselo, njenge-heteroauxin.
Ngemuva kokugoqa, bahlala emabhodweni, bagxiliswa endaweni engaphansi kuka-3-4 cm, baniselwa, bembozwe ngopulasitiki futhi bahlanzwa egumbini elishisayo lokushisa lika-20-23 ℃. Uma ugcina lezi zimo zizinza, izithombo zizokhuphuka maduze konke kuhlangene.
Ukukhishwa kwefilimu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba ama-cotyledons evuliwe kumahlumela; ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokushisa kumele lehliswe libe ngu-18 ℃. Ukudlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa lapho iminyaka yazo iyizinsuku ezingama-25-30, futhi ngalesosikhathi umhlaba ukufuthelwa kufinyelela ku-15 ℃ kuzokuthinta nakanjani ukukhula kwezithombo, futhi usongo lweqhwa cishe luzodlula.
Ukusebenza kwe-watermelon
Izithiyo ezivikelayo zokulwa nama-parasites (scoop, wireworms, aphid) ziqiniswa ukwelashwa ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, njengefitoverm. I-Chemical insecticides (i-actara, fufanon) kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela njengendawo yokugcina - uma izinambuzane zihlasela in masse.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka okuyisikhunta (ukutheleleka nge-powderyypew, anthracnosis, ascochitosis) zibonisa isidingo sokufafazwa nge-fungicides (i-Abiga peak, i-Homoma, i-colloidal sulfure).
I-watermelon jam
I-watermelon imnandi kakhulu ukunambitha futhi ngesimo sayo esimsulwa, futhi nakulabo abazi ukupheka izitsha ezahlukahlukene kuwo, kuhlale kunoshukela noma ukudla okulula etafuleni. Isibonelo yi-watermelon jam.
Izodinga:
- Amagremu angama-700 ekhwebu lebheyili,
- 1 kg kashukela
- Amagremu ayi-10 kashukela we-vanilla
- 10 amagremu kalamula.
Sithatha ikhabe, siyigeze, siyicwecwe ngaphambi kokuba i-pulp eyodwa ihlale, siyisike sibe amashubhu aphakathi nendawo, siyifaka epanini bese ifafaza ushukela. Ukushiya lo obambele kuleli fomu amahora ambalwa, silinda kuze kuqhamuke ujusi.
Sipheka i-pan imizuzu eyi-15 ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphakathi ngokushukumisa mnene ngesipuni sokhuni, bese sikwenza kuphole ngokuphelele. Phinda ubilise futhi upholise kathathu.
Inqubo yokugcina ephindaphindwe kabili kufanele ihlanganiswe nokufakwa ushukela we-vanilla ne-citric acid kwi-surrogate, emva kwalokho ingxube kufanele ibiliswe eminye imizuzu engu-5. Sisusa ujamu emlilweni, futhi sekulungile, kepha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kungcono ukuwuvumela upholile, ngoba ukhonzwe kubanda.
Ama-watermelons a-Pickled kumaJars
Amakhabe abhekwe ezimbizeni alungiswa ngokuwasika kuqala zibe izingcezu ezincane. Ngemuva kokukhonkotha imbewu kanye ne-peels, zifakwe embizeni ezihlanzekile zamalitha, zifaka amaqabunga ama-horseradish, amaqabunga e-bay, izingcezu zesinamoni, amaqabunga e-mint kanye ne-allspice phakathi kwamaqabunga.
Imbiza eyodwa izodinga izipuni eziyi-1-3 zezinongo kanye ne-marinade eshisayo esekwe emanzini (ilitha elilodwa), ushukela (isipuni esingu-1), usawoti (inani elifanayo) kanye nezipuni ezi-2 zikaviniga amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye.
Simboza izimbiza ngamabhodwe bese sizeka ngamanzi abilayo imizuzu engama-20. Roll up bese ushiya ukuze upholile. Indawo yokugcina izindlu efulethini ilungele ukugcinwa.
Ikhabe elinosawoti
Ungalungisa i-watermelon enosawoti kusuka kumakhabe amancanyana avuthiwe ne-brine (amagremu angama-60 kasawoti nge-1 litre yamanzi). Sigeza amakhabe, sinamathele induku ebukhali izikhathi eziyi-10-15 ezindaweni ezihlukile, siyibeka emgqonyeni.
Bilisa amanzi, uchithe usawoti kulo bese upholisa ngalo, bese uthelela ikhabe nge-brine ephumayo bese ubeka nengcindezelo. Simelela izinsuku ezingama-2-3 ezimweni ezijwayelekile zegumbi, bese sibekwa zipholile. Ngemuva kwenyanga, umthamo ongajwayelekile usulungile.
Ngabe liphupheni ikhabe?
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukubeka kancane, akufanele ukhathazeke, ngoba ikhabe elibonwe ephusheni libonisa ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nakho konke okwakhe empilweni.
Ama-watermelons amakhulu aphupha abantu abalindele ushintsho olujabulisayo. Owesifazane uzobona labo empilweni yakhe yangasese, nendoda emsebenzini wakhe. Labo abathola ikhabe ephusheni bayojabulisa empilweni yangempela ngokwanda kwenzuzo noma ifa.
