Ukucaciswa kwezinkomba zekhwalithi yenhlabathi

Ngemuva kokuthola isiqephu sakhe somhlaba, umnini-mhlaba we-novice noma umhlali wasehlobo uqala umsebenzi wakhe wokusebenza kwengadi ngokuthuthukisa inhlabathi. Kepha ingabe kuyintuthuko? Uma isiza lesi besibe ngaphansi kwezimila zemvelo iminyaka eminingi, kungenzeka ukuthi iminyaka eyengeziwe, ngisho nokuxhashazwa okuthe xaxa, umhlabathi awudingi "ukwenziwa ngcono". Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqale kahle ukusebenza kwengadi yakho, okokuqala kufanele:

nquma isimo saso somzimba (ukwakheka nokwakheka),
i-acid acid yenhlabathi (i-acidic, i-alkaline, ingathathi hlangothi),
ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ukulethwa kwezakhi).

Ngaphansi kwezilimo zemifino, inhlabathi ingathuthukiswa nge-compost humus. © Sparki

Isixazululo esilungile kunazo zonke ukudlula inhlabathi ilabhorethri ekhethekile ukuze ihlaziywe. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, unga (cishe) ukubikezela ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, izinga lesakhiwo sayo kanye nokutholakala kwaso kwezakhi zomzimba ukunquma ngokuzimela.

Ukwakheka kwemiklamo nokwakheka kwenhlabathi

Ukuze unqume kusengaphambili uhlobo lomhlabathi, thambisa umhlaba bese uqingqa i-bagel.

Indandatho ebushelelezi ngaphandle kwemifantu ikhombisa ukuthi unobumba.
Uma i-bagel embozwe ngemifantu eminingana - isisindo esindayo.
Ngomiswa wemvelo we-donut, ingaphezulu layo limbozwe imifantu eminingi - inhlabathi ingeyombhalo ophakathi nendawo.
Uma i-bagel iphuka phakathi kokugoqwa, unokukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwakho.
Uma i-sausage ingasebenzi, iyakhubeka noma igoqa, esikhundleni somhlabathi ophelele phambi kwakho uyisihlabathi.
Uma ngesikhathi sokugoqa ama-bagel ayakhubeka abe izigaxa ezincane ngazinye - isalamu yesanti.

Ukunquma izinga lesakhiwo somhlabathi, kwanele ukusika ungqimba lomhlaba ngefosholo bese uluphonsa emoyeni. Lapho uwa, inhlabathi ehlelekile izowa ngokwehlukana kwezinto - izigaxa, okusanhlamvu, njll. Inhlabathi enesisindo esiyindumba iyowela i-pancake yonke, nesihlabathi sizokhuphuka.

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zenhlabathi zidinga ukwelashwa. Isindayo ngeke ivumele amanzi ukuthi adlule. Zithambekele emoyeni. Ngemuva kokunisela, amafomu wokugcwala kuleyo nhlabathi, nokunisela nokunisela kwamanzi emvula. Izitshalo zingcindezelwa njalo. Inhlabathi yesihlabathi izovumela wonke amanzi ukuthi ahambe nawo, ithathe indlela yomanyolo esetshenzisiwe. Inhlabathi enjalo kumele iphathwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa. Umuthi oyinhloko yizinto eziphilayo: umquba (inkomo, ihhashi, imvu, njll.), Humus, amakhompiyutha. Ukwandisa ukuvuleka komoya nesakhiwo senhlabathi enobunzima (ubumba), sawdust, oqoshiwe (hhayi ngaphezu kwama-5-6 cm) otshani obudonsa, izihlahla, amagatsha ezihlahla, amagxolo kuzosiza. Kuhle ukwengeza inhlabathi yama-turf nehlathi emahlatsheni ama-sandstones, phambilini (kusuka ekwindla) uwafaka ngomquba, i-peat, nomquba. Entwasahlobo, sakaza phezu kwendawo bese ugaya.

Inhlabathi ethuthukisiwe. © Em F

Ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:

Iminyaka engu-2-3 ayikhuli lutho esizeni. Bhekana kuphela nokwelashwa. Ngokungezelela endalini ngalesi sikhathi, hlala endaweni unyaka nonyaka ngama-siderats, ukuhlwanyela nokumba, lapho kufinyelela ukuphakama okungama-8-12 cm kaningana ngesizini.
Yenza ukwelashwa kuhambisane nokutshalwa kokutshala izingadi nokutshala izilimo zezithelo. Uma indlela yesibili ikufanela kangcono, awukwazi ukusebenzisa umquba omusha wesitshalo futhi unqande isilinganiso sawo sokumba ekwindla (akukho ngaphezulu kwebhakede / isq. M). Ngaphandle kwalokho, izithombo ezihlwanyelwe nezitshaliwe zizoshisa.

I-acidity yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi

Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile kwezitshalo, ukusabela kwekhambi kwenhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu. Amazinga we-Soil acidity ahlukaniswe:

I-acid enamandla. Lokhu kufaka amaxhaphozi kanye namathafa asezansi,
Sour. Imvamisa kakhulu le yinhlabathi ngaphansi kwezilimo ezihlanganayo, izimbotshana ezinobumba kanye nezidumbu.
I-acidic kancane. ISoddy ne-heather umhlaba
Abathathi hlangothi Inhlabathi eyinhloko yokutshala izilimo zasengadini: isod, humus, deciduous, zonke izinhlobo zama-chernozems nabanye.
I-alkali kanye ne-alkali kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka nenhlabathi ye-carbonate enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium nezinhlanganisela zayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okuhlanganwe ngaphezulu, kukhona nenhlabathi kasawoti.

Iningi lezitshalo zikhula kahle futhi zikhule, zakha isivuno esigcwele emhlabathini wenhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi. Izitshalo zasengadini zingatshalwa emhlabathini omncane we-alkaline nakuma-acidic omncane, kepha izithiyo zezitshalo ezidinga i-acidity engathathi hlangothi ziyabonakala.

Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi acidity ejwayelekile

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ucwaningo elabhorethri yamakhemikhali, ungathenga umhloli we-pH noma imichilo ye-litmus ngesikali ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kwanele ukukhipha inkezo inhlama yomhlaba ngamanzi bese kwehlisa ukuhlolwa kwe-litmus. Qhathanisa nesikali. Umbala oguquliwe uma uqhathaniswa nesilinganiso uzokhombisa ubukhulu be-acidity yenhlabathi. Ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe, inhlabathi efanelekile yi-pH = 6.5-7.5.

I-coconut fiber substrate nayo izosiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.

Ukunqunywa okulinganiselwe kwezinga le-acidity yenhlabathi ngemifino nokhula

Uma kungekho mhloli we-pH, ongazange aqongele imichilo ye-litmus, unganquma ukuthi i-acidity yomhlabathi ilinganiselwa kanjani kusuka kukhula.

Emhlabathini onamandla kakhulu naphakathi nendawo acid, amaqhubu ama-squrel engadi acishe abe yingxenye yemitha. Kule nhlabathi enjalo, sekukhule isitshalo esikhulu, isinongo esidlakadlaka, u-Ivan da Marya one-tricolor violet ne-buttercup ebukekayo ibukeka intle. Ikhaphethi elihle lokuhlobisa lama-bryozoans ajwayelekile, aluhlaza uzomboza izindawo ezimanzi ze-cottage ehlobo.

Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi kanye ne-acidic ihlala imbozwe entwasahlobo ngamahlumela aluhlaza ophile kahle wezitshalo zasebusika zo dill, anyanisi, amasaladi. Imigqa ethambile yamapumba, amazambane okuqala. Izithombo zezitshalo ezingamaqanda, upelepele omnandi, notamatisi zisuka ngokushesha.

Uma kungekho ubusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuhlwanyelwa kwezilimo zemifino, khona-ke utshani bukakolweni obumbayo ngethango lokuhlwanyela engadini, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo kwama-coltsfoot, ama-clover kanye nama-strawberry okugoqeka ensimini kuzokuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ilungele ukukhula inqwaba yemifino yengadi.

Kukhona ukhula omnivorous. Inkambu eboshelwe impumelelo elinganayo ikhula enhlabathini enama-asidi angathathi hlangothi. Kulokhu, udinga ukubheka ngokucophelela ukhula oluhambisana nalo. Kunenqwaba yamahhashi, ama-starfish, kanye nama-mosses - inhlabathi ine-acidic, futhi uma i-larkpur inqoba, i-tar i-alkali.

I-Sideratimi efana ne-clover ingathuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. © Edwin

Izilimo zasengadini zidinga inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Dlulisa inhlabathi ene-alkali enobuthakathaka futhi enobuthakathaka. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, inhlabathi kumele iphiliswe.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwasekhaya kwe-Soid Acid

Izinhlobo zokhula ezimpofu? Kunezinye izindlela ezimbalwa ongenza ngazo isivivinyo esisekelwa ekhaya ngokushesha ukuthola izinga le-acidity yakho.

Indlela eyi-1 ilungele ukunquma ukuthi ungakanani umhlabathi ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga aqhume.

Fafaza inhlabathi ngesendlalelo seminwe engu-1-2 endishini encane (ipuleti elincane).
Siphonsa amaconsi amakhulu weviniga yetafula enhlabathini ezindaweni eziningana.
Uma ama-bubble avela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, khona-ke inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi. Uma kungekho ukusabela, inhlabathi inobuthi futhi idinga ukwenziwa i-deoxidized.

Indlela ye-2 isetshenziswa uma kunezimbali ezimnyama (ezimnyama, zipinki emnyama, zibomvu) endlini zikhiphe ujusi wamagilebhisi (hhayi iwayini). Esitsheni esinejusi, phonsa inqwaba yenhlabathi.

Uma ijusi lishintsha umbala namabhamuza avele ngaphezulu, kusho ukuthi kunosawoti owanele we-calcium enhlabathini futhi awuthathi hlangothi.
Uma ikhambi lihlala lingashintshiwe - inhlabathi ine-acidic.

Indlela 3 ivame ukusetshenziswa ehlobo. Bilisa itiye kusuka kumaqabunga e-currant noma e-cherry. Phola kahle bese uphonsa umhlaba othile kusisombululo.

Uma isixazululo siphenduka saba bomvu, kusho ukuthi isiza sinokuphendula kwe-acid futhi asifanele izitshalo zemifino.
Umbala oluhlaza okotshani noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesisombululo ukhombisa, ngokulandelana, ukusabela kwenhlabathi okungathathi hlangothi noma okune-asidi.

Ngokuya nge-acid yenhlabathi, isixazululo siguqula umbala. © isikhathi sokubhanqana

Lezi zindlela zokuthola isilinganiso se-acidity yenhlabathi zivame ukusetshenziswa uma kutshalwa ama-landscape shrub (ama-conifers, amashidi, ama-rhododendrons).

Ungayishintsha kanjani i-acidity yenhlabathi?

Ukunciphisa i-acidity, inhlabathi ene-acidic kuvame ukubalwa kusetshenziswa

umhlabathi wamatshe
ufulawa we-dolomite
ukushiswa okushisayo nokukhanyayo,
umchilo womhlaba
Peat Peat,
marl.

Uma kukhona imboni eduzane, khona-ke imfucuza yayo ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha inhlabathi:

umlotha we-shale
uthuli kasimende
umlotha we-peat
i-lime.

Emhlabathini omncane, kungcono ukusebenzisa ufulawa we-dolomite. Ezintweni ezisindayo, ezigandayiwe noma ezingxenyeni zomlotha kusebenza kakhulu.

Ukuze bandise i-acidity, baletha umhlaba we-coniferous, i-peat peat, umanyolo wamaminerali ngokuphendula okusebenzayo kwe-acid, semboza ngabo izigaxa ngenaliti evuthiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwethulwa kwesikhathi eside kwamanye umanyolo wamaminerali kuqinisa kancane inhlabathi, futhi kudinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukwethulwa kwento yezinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba, umquba). Umanyolo osebenza kahle kanye ne-deoxidizer enhle ingumlotha wokhuni. Lapho kushiswa kumlotha, (ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen), zonke izakhi eziyinhloko nezakhi zokulandela umkhondo zihlala.

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhi zezakhi

Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko, izitshalo zidinga inani elilinganayo lezakhamzimba ezibalulekile nezakhi zomkhondo. Ukushoda noma okweqile kwento kungabonakala ngokushesha ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwezitho zezitshalo. Kepha, uma ukude nelabhorethri, ungahlonza ngokuzimela isimo senhlabathi nezitshalo ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile. Ngokwezibonakaliso ezifanele, ungazimela ngokuzimela ukungenele noma ukweqisa kwezakhi eziyisisekelo nokulandelela izinto. Izinto ezilandelwayo zinomphumela omuhle ngemuva kwesilinganiso senani lezinto eziphilayo enhlabathini.

Khumbula! Imifino ethosiwe, encane, engenangqondo iyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuntuleka kwemvelo emhlabathini.

Ukushoda kwe-nitrogen

Ukukhula kokuphilile, okungonakaliswa yisifo, izitshalo ziyabambezeleka. Amaqabunga athola umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo ngokungemthetho, futhi amaqabunga amadala aphansi awokuqonda ngokugqamile. Ngokuhlobene nesiqu esikhulu, amaqabunga atholakala nge-angle eyingozi. Ama-shoot kwesinye isikhathi ane-tint ebomvu.

Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen. © Amy Grant

I-nitrogen ethe xaxa inikeza ukugcwala kokugcwala okwandayo kwesisindo semifino. Ukuqhakaza okunganele. Isikhathi sokubekwa kwezithelo siyabambezeleka. Azivuthi.

Ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus

Amaqabunga aluhlaza kakhulu ngombala omnyama onama-brown, obomvu, obethusi. Amanye amasiko anamaqabunga abomvu okungeyona into yawo. Cishe akunazithunzi eziphuzi ngisho kumaqabunga amadala. Amaqabunga amaqabunga mancane, amadala abe amabala. Lapho yomile, iba mnyama. Izimbali ziyabambezeleka.

Ukuntuleka kwe-potassium

I-mosagation emenyeziwe, kwezinye izitshalo ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuvezwa kokushoda kuqala ngengxenye ephakathi yamahlumela. Eziqongweni zezitshalo, amabala e-chlorotic azungeza izindawo zezicubu ezingapheli. Iziphethu nemiphetho yamaqabunga aphansi ezitshalweni ezincane ziyancibilika, zizisongele phansi. Ngokubulawa yindlala okunzima, imiphetho yamaqabunga iphenduka ibe nsundu futhi yomile, futhi ngisho namahlumela ngamanye.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium

Isigaxa seqabunga simbozwe amabala amhlophe (acishe abe mhlophe) emithanjeni yamaqabunga amakhulu. Kwezinye izitshalo, umbala wemithambo eseceleni iba bomvu noma onsomi. Ukufa kweqabunga cishe akubonwa.

Ukushoda kwe-Zinc

Amaqabunga mancane, mancane, aqine ngokuthinta. Ngamabala ahlukile we-chlorotic. Kuqoqwe ezisekelweni eziningi zamaqabunga eziqongweni amahlumela amancane. Akusilo iqabunga elifayo, kodwa izingxenye zalo ngazinye kulo lonke iqabunga leqabunga, ezithwebula imithambo ye-lateral nephakathi nendawo. Kuqhuma izicubu ezifile.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Boron

Iphuzu lokukhula kweziqu zesisindo sendiza kanye nezimpande lufa. Kukhiwa isihlahla esimfushane kusuka ngeziqu ezigqinsiwe ngamahlamvu amahle. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali akuvamile, ama-ovari awela ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula. Iziqongo zamahlumela zomile, isithelo sinezicubu eziningi zikakhokho, inyama igcwele ngokunambitheka okumunyu.

Ukushoda kwesibabule

Umbala oluhlaza okotshani wamaqabunga amaqabunga, kepha ukufa kwamaqabunga, njengokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, akubonwa.

Ukushoda kwensimbi

I-chlorosis ephelele yesitshalo sonke kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula ngaphandle kokufa kwamaqabunga neziqu.

Ukuntuleka kweManganese

Ukushoda kwe-Copper

I-Chlorosis yezingxenye ezinkulu ngazinye zesisindo sendiza yezitshalo. Ngokungafani nokusweleka kwensimbi, ukugqunywa kwamabala emikhawulo yamahlamvu kuyabonakala.

Ukuntuleka kweManganese

Kuqala ukuvela ngamahlamvu amadala. Okokuqala, imiphetho yazo iphenduka iphuzi, bese kuba nalo lonke iqabunga. Kulokhu, imithambo esecezwini leqabunga ihlala iluhlaza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela amancane ayathinteka futhi afe.