Ukuba khona komthombo endlini yezwe kuzoxazulula izinkinga eziningi ekuhleleni umnotho: ukuhlinzeka indlu ngamanzi agobhozayo, ukunisela insimu. Kukhona isayensi ephelele yokuthi ungakha kanjani umthombo wezwe ngezandla zakho.
Umqondo obaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni komthombo isikhathi sonyaka. Okuthandeka kakhulu isikhathi sekwindla. Izinga lamanzi ekwindla lehla liye emazingeni aphansi, okwenza umsebenzi ekuhlelweni komthombo kusuka ngaphakathi. Kwenza nokuthi kube nokumba umgodi ojulile.
Akunconywa ukuthi uqale ngokwakha umthombo entwasahlobo, lapho kuqoqwa khona amanzi amaningi ancibilikayo, noma ehlobo lina kakhulu. Lokhu kuzowuxaka kakhulu umsebenzi.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwakhiweni komthombo ezweni ngezandla zakho ukukhetha indawo efanelekile. Kuya ngendawo etholakala emanzini ngaphakathi komhlaba, engatholwa ngochwepheshe abakhethekile - izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba. Bazobona ukujula kwemithombo yamanzi ngokunemba kwamasentimitha ayishumi besebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokucwaninga ngendawo.
Okunye okusetshenziswayo kuyizindlela ezindala ezinokwethenjelwa futhi ezifakazelwe zokunquma indawo lapho kufakwa khona amanzi amasha asemhlabeni.
Enye indlela enjalo ukusetshenziswa kwemivini. Amadiphozi amanzi anqunywa ngokunemba kwemitha eyodwa. Amagatsha omvini ayagoqwa ukuze kutholakale design engu-L. Uthathwa ezintendeni zezandla zombili. Lapho umuntu esondela ekugcinweni kwamanzi asemhlabathini, imivini iqala ukuphambukela ezinhlangothini, noma incishiselwe komunye nomunye. Le ndlela isuselwa kunqubo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamanzi nesitshalo. Bahlanganiswe amandla angajwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi imivini, lapho isondela emanzini, iziphatha ngendlela efanayo.
Umuntu udinga ukuqala ukwakha umthombo endaweni yokuziphatha komvini osebenzayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi ucingo lwethusi esikhundleni semivini.
Ezinye izimpawu ezingekho emthethweni ukuthi indawo ngaphansi komthombo ikhethwe kahle:
- Ukuba khona kotshani obukhulu, obuluhlaza, obuluhlaza okwesikhathi esomile;
- Ukulahleka ebusweni bomhlaba;
- Ukuba khona kweminye imithombo eduzane (kufanele uhlole omakhelwane bakho ngolwazi ngesakhiwo, ukujula, nokuhlelwa komthombo);
- Eduze kwekhishi lasehlobo kukhona ichibi noma ichibi lemvelo;
- Ukuba khona kwenkungu eminyene lapho kungekho khona amachibi eduze nasekhaya;
- Ukuphakamisa izinga lamanzi egumbini elingaphansi kwendlu noma emiphongolweni ngezikhathi zezikhukhula (kuncibilika iqhwa entwasahlobo).
Kwezinye izifunda, ukuhlelwa komthombo wakho kudinga imvume yenkonzo ye-geodetic. Kufanele ufunde ngale nkinga evela kubaphathi bendawo.
Yonke le mininingwane kufanele ibhekwe lapho ukhetha indawo nokwakha umthombo ezweni. Ngemuva kokuhlaziya wonke ama-nuances, ungakhetha indawo enhle yekotishi.
Kahle ezweni lezindandatho zikakhonkolo
Sebenza ngokumba umgodi ngezandla zakho kwenziwa kuphela usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile elilungiselelwe kusengaphambili:
- Izinhlobo ezimbili zamafosholo (ezinokusikwa ezimfishane nezinde);
- Amabhakede amaningi ensimbi amalitha ayi-15 (mhlawumbe amayunithi amathathu);
- Isitebhisi yinsimbi ende inqubo yokumba yokuqala;
- Isitebhisi sezintambo zokuntywila ngokujulile;
- Idivaysi enokwethenjelwa yokuphakamisa amabhakede nomhlaba kusuka ekujuleni komthombo;
- Impompo yokumpompa amanzi, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokubanjwa;
- Intambo yokunwebeka ene-bulb noma isibani ekugcineni;
- Imishini eyengeziwe (isando sokudonsa) ukunqoba izithiyo ezinzima ngokwengeziwe.
Imvamisa, izindonga zomgodi womthombo ziqiniswa ngamakhonkolo akakhonkolo akhethekile. Ukuhlomisa imithombo enjalo ezweni kusuka kumasongo ekhonkolo kungcono ngokusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zephogo. Zithembeke kakhudlwana futhi zilula ngokwengeziwe emsebenzini, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzifaka.
Kunezinketho ezimbili zokufaka izindandatho zikakhonkolo:
- Imayini, engaphansi;
- Ukuthayipha okuphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokukhetha kokuqala, imayini idatshulwa ngokuphelele - isiyingi, ububanzi obuyi-1.25 m, noma isikwele, ubukhulu be-125x125 cm - kuze kube yilapho kuvela amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho izindandatho zifakwe emfuleni ngokulandelana. Kusetshenziswa indlela yemayini, kubalulekile ukuthi ubhekele ubungozi obukhulu bokuwa komhlabathi. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emhlabathini ozinzile. Esimweni sokuqhekeka okuncane kakhulu kwesendlalelo somhlaba, ngokushesha aqhubekela ngendlela yesibini.
Indlela yesibili, indawo ehlanganisiwe, iphephe. Kufakwa indandatho ekhonkolo. Bese wenza enye imitha yokumba. Ngenxa yalokhu, indandatho yokuqala iwela phansi ngokuzimela, isebenzisa umfutho wesisindo sayo, ikhulule isikhala esilandelayo. Ngemuva kwalokho faka indandatho yesibili, ugaye, wenze indawo yesithathu. Kufakwe indandatho yesithathu. Ngakho-ke, sonke isakhiwo siyambiwa bese sifakwa ekujuleni okudingayo.
Ngemuva kokuba umgodi usembiwe, kubalulekile ukwakha ungqimba wokuhlunga ukuze ibhola le-sludge lingakhi, elingamisa emuva kwalokho ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi entwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phansi komthombo kuboshwe ngamatshe amatshe amancane noma amatshe ngamatshe ngesihlabathi.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula! Lapho ujula lapho ugaya umthombo, kuzoba nomoya-mpilo omncane. Ngakho-ke, lapho usebenza ngokujulile, imaski ka-oksijini kufanele isetshenziswe nge-tube ende ekhishwe.
Well endlini yezwe eyenziwe ngokhuni
Yize kuthambekele ekwakhekeni kobuchwepheshe bokuhlela ingxenye engenhla yemithombo, isihlahla sakudala asiphansi ebuholini bawo, sithatha izikhundla ezifanayo zokuthandwa phakathi kwezakhamizi zasehlobo. Izinto ezisetshenziswe kahle engxenyeni engenhla yomthombo zikaphayini kanye nezinduna.
Umthombo wokhuni endlini ehlobo ovela endlini yelog kuyintokozo ebizayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo ozokwazi ukukhokhela leyo mithombo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwendlu ye-log ngokwayo kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Ukwakha umthombo ovela endlini ye-log, okokuqala kudingekile ukumba umgodi olingana nobude obuphakathi komuntu.
Bese kwenziwa umsebenzi olandelayo ukuhlomisa umthombo:
- Ngezansi komgodi ophumele, kufakwa imiqhele ye-larch.
- Indlu yelog elungiselelwe iqoqwe ngokulandelana. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganayo kudinga ukuphathwa nge-sealant usebenzisa ithawula. Lokhu kumele kwenzelwe izingqimba ezingezansi zifike kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama.
- Ngemuva kokubeka ingxenye yokuqala yomthombo, udinga ukumba umhlaba kusuka phakathi kwamabha, isakhiwo esiphumela.
- Lapho wonke umhlaba usususiwe, kufakwa ama-spacers futhi umhlaba uyahlanzwa kusukela emakhoneni omthombo.
- Ngemuva kokususa umthombo kusuka emhlabathini, udinga ukulungisa izintambo zokuphepha ezisekelweni sendlu yomthombo emthonjeni. Ungasebenzisa i-winch kulokhu.
- Izithelo ziyasuswa, ngenxa yalokho isakhiwo siqala ukucwila singene emthonjeni ngaphansi kwesisindo sawo. Uma lokhu kudala ukuhlanekezela, ungqongqotha phezulu nge-sledgehammer ukukala isakhiwo.
- Ngakho-ke, indlu ye-log iyakhiwa futhi yehliselwe phansi. Ngakho-ke ungaqhuba ukufakwa kwendlu ye-log ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-6. Kuleli zinga, lesi sakhiwo sigcotshwe ngemidwebo eyenziwe ngamapulangwe, enziwe ngama-50 cm ubude. Zidinga ukufakwa ezitolo ezilungiselelwe ezivela ngezansi.
Uma umthombo kuhlelwa ukuthi wenziwe ngaphansi kophawu olungamamitha ayi-6, kufanele ukhethe umhlaba ngaphambi kokuqala kwamanzi. Izimpawu zokuqala zokuthi i-aquifer isondele umswakama okhulayo womoya nenhlabathi uqobo (iba namandla amaningi).
Ukuhlomisa umgodi wemayini, kusetshenziswa izinkuni eziphathwe ngokukhethekile futhi ezilungiselelwe. Ukwakhiwa kwemithombo enjalo akudingi izinto zokuqinisa ezengeziwe. Isakhiwo sezinkuni siqinile futhi sihlala isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo zezinkuni ezihlala isikhathi eside (ikakhulukazi i-oki, i-alder, i-aspen, i-elm, i-Hornbeam) zisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha imishayo.
Kunconywe kakhulu ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-birch, i-spruce, namanye ama-conifers amaningi anezindawo zokuthatha amanzi ngokuhleleka kwemithombo. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kamuva kuholela ekubukekeni kwamanzi ababayo. Bazophelelwa amandla ngokushesha futhi maduze baqale ukuwa.
Imigwaqo eyenziwe ngokhuni ezweni iyisici esihle kakhulu somhlobiso wegceke, egcizelela ukunambitheka okumnandi komniniyo. Umthombo wokhuni usebenza njengesivikelo esihle othulini, ukungcola, izinto zakwamanye amanzi namanzi esiphepho. Izakhamizi zasehlobo ezinemithombo enjalo kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga ukunakekelwa (ziphathwe ngoqweqwe lwendwangu yokuvikela amanzi).
Amanzi avela emthonjeni
Ukuba khona komthombo ezweni kuvumela umniniyo ukuthi acabange ngokubamba amanzi endlini. Ukuhlelwa kokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ngokufakwa komthombo uqobo.
Okokuqala udinga ukubeka umgwaqo omkhulu ovela emthonjeni uye endlini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba umsele ngokujula okungama-80 cm, ifosholo elibanzi le-bayonet.
Ngaphansi komsele, kuthululelwa isigaxa esingamasentimitha ayi-7 esihlabathini bese kubekwa ipayipi (ipulasitiki, insimbi yepulasitiki, insimbi yensimbi). Ochwepheshe batusa ukubeka ipayipi lepulasitiki elinengxenye yesiphambano engama-32 mm. Ngemuva kokubeka lo mbhobho, kuthululelwa ibhola elinamasentimitha amahlanu, khona-ke ungagcwalisa wonke umsele.
Kwenziwa umgodi emasongweni omthombo lapho kuqala khona ipayipi. Endlini, isisekelo siyabhidlika bese ipayipi nalo liqala ngaphakathi, lapho kufanele lixhunywe khona esiteshini sokupompa. Emthonjeni, ipayipi lijoyina elinye ipayipi, elifinyelela phansi komthombo.
Njengeyunithi yamandla wokuphakela amanzi emthonjeni ezweni, ungasebenzisa iphampu engasolwandle olujulile, amandla ayo okufanele abalwe ngokuya ngobude bethangi lamanzi.
Ukuhlelwa komthombo ezweni - umthombo wamanzi amasha - kungenye yezinto eziphambili zokusekelwa kwempilo nokunethezeka kwabahlali basehlobo. Kungenzeka impela wenze kahle ezweni ngezandla zakho, kufanele ukhumbule kuphela izindlela zokuphepha futhi, noma kunjalo, ungazinaki.
