Ngokwesiko, abashayeli bezimoto bachitha isikhathi esiningi egalaji, benakekela "amahhashi ezinsimbi" abo. Kodwa-ke, ebusika akungakhululeki ngokwenele ukwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile, futhi kungekudala noma nini abanikazi bayo babhekana nodaba lokushisa iminyango yegaraji. Lesi silinganiso sikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule inkinga ngokumangazayo, ngoba ngeqabunga lomnyango (futhi imvamisa lawa ngamashidi ensimbi), ukushisa kuphuma ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukufudumeza igalaji akugcini nje ngokudala isimo sokunethezeka kumnikazi waso, kodwa futhi sikuvumela ukuthi:
- Ukushayela ngokushesha amakhaza ngokweqile;
- ukunweba impilo yezingxenye zerabha;
- vimbela ukuqiniswa kwemithambo yangaphakathi yomshini;
- dala amazinga okushisa afisayo esitolo semifino, esivame ukuhlanganiswa namagalaji.
Amathuba okufakwa kwamasango egalaji kuya ngesakhiwo sawo.
Imaphi amasango angafakwa
Amasango amaningi anamaqabunga okujikisa, angamashidi ensimbi adluliselwe ohlakeni lwensimbi. Ukufudumala kwamasango anjalo kuyadingeka, ngoba empeleni awubeki ukushisa. Akunzima ukwenza lokhu, ukwakheka okulula kwamasango okuswayipha kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zanoma yikuphi ukushuba.
Kuthandwa kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi samanje ukuphakamisa kanye neminyango engxenye yegaraji. Njengomthetho, zenziwe embonini. Iqabunga lomnyango noma izingxenye ngazinye ngamaphaneli e-sandwich. Ngaphandle zimbozwe ngensimbi yensimbi, kodwa ngaphakathi sezivele zifakwe nge-foint polyurethane futhi azidingi zinyathelo ezikhethekile zokufakelwa okungeziwe. Amasango okuphakamisa azenzele afakwa ngendlela efanayo namasango aswayelayo. Ubungako bokufakelwa kubo akufanele kudlule ngaphezu kosayizi wohlaka. Umthetho ofanayo uyasebenza ekuvinjelweni.
Amasango okugoqa awahambisani nokufakelwa, njengoba ukwakheka kwawo kuklanyelwe ukushuba okuthile.
Lapho ukhetha impahla yokufakelwa, isisindo sayo kufanele ibhekwe. Ukuqina kwesisindo kwamaphaphu kungaholela ekutheni imishini amasango ahamba ngayo izoqala ukusebenza kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kancane kancane ihluleke.
Izinto ezithandwa kakhulu zokufakelwa
Ukufakwa okuhle kufanele kube nokuhanjiswa kancane komoya, khona-ke isendlalelo esinciphile ngokwanele singanciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kokushisa. Ukushisa umnyango wegaraji, izinto ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu:
- Uboya obunamaminerali nezinhlobonhlobo zawo - uboya beglasi, i-slag, uvolo wamatshe. Zonke zi-hygroscopic kakhulu-ke, zidinga ukuvimbela amanzi. Lapho usebenza nabo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imishini yokuzivikela yezandla nepheshana lokuphefumula.
- I-Styrofoam Leli gama lisho isigaba sonke sezinto zokugcwala ezigcwaliswe nge-polymer, ezibandakanya i-polystyrene, i-polyvinyl chloride, urea-formaldehyde ne-polyurethane foam. Zonke izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngokwazo ngokuqamba okukhulu noma okuncane, ukwakheka, nokufakwa kwemisindo.
Onke amagwebu banezimfanelo ezibalulekile ekufudumaleni kweminyango yegaraji - ukhwaliti ophansi we-thermal kanye ne-hygroscopicity, ukuphepha komlilo, inertness yamakhemikhali.
Ungawufaka kanjani umnyango wegaraji
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi wokufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole umoya omncane egalaji. Ngenqubo, ungavimbi ukuvuleka komoya ngokufakwa. Ukusebenza okujwayelekile komoya omncane kusiza ekwehliseni umswakama kanye nokususa ngesikhathi umusi kaphethiloli kanye namagesi aqeda.
Sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungangena kanjani ukufaka iminyango yegaraji ekwakhiweni kwabo okuvame kakhulu - ukuswayipha.
Ukulungiselela okungaphezulu komhlaba
Hlola ngokucophelela ingaphakathi leqabunga lomnyango. Izindawo ezinkulu ezithintwe ukugqwala zihlanganiswa nge-bristle brashi. Uma ukugqwala kumboze ingxenye enkulu yensimbi, kulula kakhulu futhi ngokushesha ukusebenza nge-drill noma i-grinder enomsindo ozungeze okhethekile.
Ngemuva kokuhlanzwa ngokuphelele kokugqwala kanye nokukhipha, kufakwa i-primer elwa nokugqwala.
Ukukhiqiza kanye nokufakwa kwe-lathing
Njengama-crates, amabhlogo okhuni noma iphrofayili ye-aluminium ayasetshenziswa. Bopha ikreyidi kufreyimu yesango. Okuqukethwe kwe-lathing kusikwa kube ngosayizi. Amabha wokhuni afakwa engxenyeni eyenziwe kabili - evela ngomlilo nokubola. Izinto ze-crate ziboshelwe kufreyimu yamakheji enezikulufo zobude obufanele. Zonke izesekeli eziseqabungeni lomnyango - izingidi, izimbobo zokufaka umoya omncane, ezisikiwe nge-crate ezungeze uzungu.
Ukuvimbela amanzi nokubekwa kokugqokwa
Ngaphambi kokufaka isango egalaji ngoboya obunamaminerali, udinga ukubona okucashile kokuphatha lokhu kwaziswa. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zawo, kungcono ukuhlala koboya be-basalt kusuka kumkhiqizi owaziwayo. Ngaphambi kokubeka uboya bekotini, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungangenisi kwamanzi ukuze impahla ingatholi umswakama. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokuhlanganisa ingaphakathi lesango nge-bitumen-polymer mastic noma ngokuqedela ngezinto ezinamathela ku-Isolon.
Ngemuva kokuba zonke izingcezu zensimbi zesango zimbozwe ngokungangenisi kwamanzi, ukufakwa kuhlanganiswa kube izingxenye ezinobukhulu kangangokuba amasentimitha ambalwa amakhulu kunebanga eliphakathi kwamabhaxa wamabheteni. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze imifantu ivele, ngoba uboya obunamaminerali buhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukufakelwa kusikwa ngokulula ngokulula njengokulandelayo: beka ishidi le-fiberboard phansi, unikezele ngoboya bamaminerali kuwo, ulilinganise futhi ulidwebe ngamandla ngenduku yomfundisi ebukhali.
Ifilimu yesithinteli se-vapor iselwe phezu koboya bamaminerali futhi ifakwe emigoqweni nge-stapler yokwakha. Ngemuva kwesithintelo se-vapor, amasango wokufaka asefakiwe kakade alungele ukuqedwa kokugcina. I-lining yenziwa ngepulasitiki noma i-lining yokhuni, ibhodi egcwele umzimba, amashidi we-OSB. Izinto ezibhekene zinamathele kumigoqo enama-screws nge-washer yokucindezela.
Ukubeka ukufakwa ezizungeze uzungu wesango
Amasango esango akuvamile ukuba ahlangane kakhulu. Imvamisa, kuba negebe elikhona phakathi kwabo, okuvumela amasango ukuthi avale ngokukhululeka. Ukuvimbela ukuvuza kokushisa ngalezi Slots, kusetshenziswa izindikimba ezahlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, zingumugqa wokuzinamathisela ngentambo enjoloba noma igwebu. Leli tywina alilungele ukufakwa ngaphansi komnyango. Ngalezi zinhloso, kukhona imichilo ekhethekile yokuxubha. Anamathele ngaphansi kwesango ngezikali.
Ngemuva kokuba sekuvalwe yonke imifantu, ukufakwa kweminyango egaraji kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.
