Lesi sitshalo siqanjwa ngegama lesazi sezitshalo zaseSwitzerland nesihambi uSamuel Brunner, owenza uhambo lokuya eCrimea ngo-1831. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezingatheneki engadini, iBrunner ingenye yezindawo zokuqala. Lesi sitshalo esihle siyakwazi ukuhlobisa noma yisiphi isivande ngombala waso okhanyayo wezimbali eziningi ezincane nobuhle bamaqabunga - "izinhliziyo".
UBrunner (Brunnera) - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zomndeni wakwaBurachnikov (Boraginaceae) Ikhula indle eCaucasus, e-Asia Minor, eSiberia eNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga. Abaningi bayibiza ngokuthi yi- "Caucasian khohlwa mina-hhayi" (Kaukasus - Vergipmeinnicht).
Brunner macrophylla (Latin Brunnera macrophylla). © Armin S KowalskiIkhula ngesimo sesihlahla esidlulayo, lapho ama-rhizomes awo aminyene futhi amade aqhakaza aze afinyelela ku-30 cm ubude, afinyelela ku-40 cm ekugcineni kwezimbali.Iziqu zingama-pubescent, anamaqabunga. Amaqabunga ambalwa, e-oblong, ama-basal, kuma-petioles amade, enenhliziyo enomphetho obukhali, okuluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, ompunga nobudlabha obuvela ku-pubescence ngezansi, aze afike ku-25 cm ubude. Izimbali zifinyelela ku-0,7 cm ubukhulu, ku-apical, panicrate-corymbose inflorescence, zimnyama ngombala omnyama onendawo emhlophe maphakathi nesikhungo, ngaphandle kufana nezimbali ezingangikhohlwa, kepha izimbali ezikhohliwe-me-hhayi, ngokuhlukile kuzo, ezineso "eliphuzi". Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi futhi zihlala cishe inyanga. Ukuwa okufudumele okude kungaqhakaza okwesibili.
Izithelo zomile, ziqhekeza zibe amantongomane amane ancibilikile. Imbewu (emnyama, encane, imbalwa ngenani) ivuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - Julayi. Lesi sitshalo sinobusika obungaqinile kuya ku-29 degrees. Kuyaziwa emasikweni kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lapho iRussia yaqala ukutadisha iCaucasus futhi nokuya okokuqala ngqa kwezomnotho lapho. Brunner macrophylla - ongokoqobo wangempela. Isihlahla singaba khona ngaphandle kokufakelwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa okungafika eminyakeni eyi-10-15. Kutshalwe emthunzini, enhlabathini evundile, kungumhlobiso kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli (ukubonakala kwamaqabunga) kuze kube yilapho iqhwa kuqala lapho amaqabunga efa. Amaqabunga amasha avela kuyo yonke inkathi, enikeza isihlahla Bruners njalo ukubukeka okusha, okunobuhle.
Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezi-3. Brunner macrophylla (Brunnera macrophylla) inezinhlobo zezingadi nezinhlobonhlobo zenani lamaqabunga anenhliziyo ebanzi. Ezikhungweni zegadi nabaqoqi bangatholakala be-'Langtriz '(Izibani) kanye no- 'Variegata' (I-Variegata), noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezintsha zisanda kuvela.
UBrunner “uJack Frost” osene-Brunner (uBrunnera macrophylla 'uJack Frost'). © i n o i lUkukhula
Indawo: lapho ubeka i-varietal brunner engadini, kufanele ukhethe indawo lapho izokhanyiswa imisebe yelanga bese iwela emthunzini ntambama. Emthunzini ogcwele, izitshalo ziyeluka, zilahlekelwa ukusebenza kwazo kokuhlobisa, futhi lapho sezikhulile elangeni, amaBrunner kudingeka aqinisekise ukufakwa umswakama njalo emhlabathini nasemoyeni, okungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona idamu. Esimweni esishisayo, ukubatshala elangeni elivulekile ngokuvamile akukufanele.
Inhlabathi: IBunerian Brunner ithanda ubumba, inhlabathi evundisiwe njalo. Ikhula kahle ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho lwendlu, lapho amanzi emvula egeleza evela ophahleni. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, amaqabunga ayagunda futhi maphakathi nehlobo isitshalo siphulukana ngokuphelele nomphumela waso wokuhlobisa. Kwabazifakwayo abakhulu, isiza esinezindawo ezinomswakama ngokulinganayo singcono. Inhlabathi enothile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi evundiswa ngomquba omusha, ibangela ukukhula okusebenzayo, okuqhubekayo kwamaqabunga, okuphula isigqi semvelo sokukhula kwesizini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesici salezi zinhlobo.
Ukunakekelwa: kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iBrunner inkulu kakhulu, lapho, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, amaqabunga amasha avela kuyo yonke inkathi, ukuhlobisa kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla sekwephuzile. Emabunzini aseSiberia, ngemuva kokuqhakaza, amaqabunga ayoma ngokushesha, ambozwe izindawo ezinsundu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzinqamula ngoJulayi. Futhi kakade maphakathi no-Agasti, amaqabunga amasha akhula, aphethwe kuze kube yiqhwa. Kepha akekho omunye noma omunye uBrunner oshiya enamahloni.
Ukunakekelwa kokwehla kwamaBrunners kulula. Emathangeni aminyene, abashayeli bezimali baseSiberia, obhejane bawo abanamandla, behlangana, bangavumeli ukhula lapha, ukunakekelwa ukusika amaqabunga aphelelwe ukuhlobisa. ECentral Russia, etshalwe kahle emthunzini nasenhlabathini emanzi, awadingi kuniselwa. IBrunner macrophylla imelana kancane nokhula. Isihlahla saso sikhula kancane, futhi ukhula njengokufingqa, amafutha kanye nezinye izihlahla ezinde ze-rhizome kungawuvala. Ngakho-ke, ukhula okufika ngesikhathi yisisekelo sokukhula okuhle kwalesi sitshalo. Akadingi ukuchelela kanye nomanyolo. Ukutshala okulengayo akuphakanyisiwe, ngoba ama-rhizomes akhiwe eduze komhlaba.
UBrunner “uJack Frost” ophethelwe nguBrunner. © peganumUkuzala
Uhlukanisa ama-rhizomes, izingxenye zama-rhizomes nembewu yokutshala. Ukuzikhulula kungenzeka. AmaBrunner aqhakaza entwasahlobo, ngakhoke ukuhlukaniswa nokufakelwa kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izimbali zonyaka olandelayo sezivele sezitshaliwe. U-Delenki otshalwe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - Agasti zinezimpande ekwindla, zidlule kahle futhi ziyaqhakaza entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Khumbula ukuthi intwasahlobo yaseSiberia ayidluliselwa eBrunner, iBrunner enamaqabunga amakhulu itshalwa kuphela ngesigaxa esikhulu somhlaba.
Brunner elikhululeaf - isitshalo esine-rhizome emile mpo, sandiswa ngokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Isihlahla siyambiwa, ingxenye esemoyeni inqunywe umlomo, izimpande zihlanzwa inhlabathi, ziphonseke ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho isihlahla sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezihlukile. Kungcono ukulandela ukuwa okungokwemvelo kwe-rhizome, kodwa uma isihlahla kunzima ukusaba, sebenzisa ummese obukhali. Kepha kunoma yikuphi ukwahlukaniswa, kufanele kube khona izinso zokuqalisa kabusha konyaka olandelayo kanye nesigaba se-rhizome. Ngemuva kwalokho ukwahlukaniswa kuyatshalwa endaweni enqunyelwe engadini yezimbali. Kungcono ukubeka ilebuli enegama eduze kwayo, ukuze kamuva ungakhohlwa ngesitshalo.
UBrunner Siberian - isitshalo esinezimbali ezingama-rhizome, sikhiqizwa ngezigaba ze-rhizome. Isimbumbulu, esiseduzane nobuso bomhlaba, siyabhalwa, sikhululwe ezingxenyeni ezindala ezibolile bese siphulwa ngesandla sibe yizicucu ezihlukanisiwe. Engxenyeni ngayinye kufanele kube nezinso (hhayi ezibolile, ezingomile) zokuvuselela. Kuma brunners aseSiberia, kumnyama, kucwebezela, kuminyene - lokhu kuyisisekelo sokukhula okuphumelela okuzayo. Ingxenye ye-rhizome (ubude obuyi-4-6 cm) nezinso itshalwe endaweni ethile ebekiwe ukuze ifike ekujuleni kuka-2-3 cm futhi ifafazwe ngenhlabathi kancane.
USiberian Brunner (Brunnera sibirica) engadini yezimbali yeBotanical Garden yaseMoscow State University "Ingadi yemithi". EMoscow © Kor! AnUkuhlanzeka
Ama-Rhizomes kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba atshalwe endaweni enezimbali enkulu enenhlabathi evundile yezakhi. Wanisela kahle futhi washiya endaweni enomthunzi womhlaba ovulekile kuze kube yiqhwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe egumbini elipholile elinamazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-5 ° C. Ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma igumbi likhanyiselwe kahle, khona-ke ngisho nakulelo lokushisa iBrunner liqala ukukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele idluliselwe egumbini elinokushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-10 ° C). Iqhakaza maphakathi no-December.
UBrunner. © UpstateNYerSebenzisa
Ukwakha amaqembu okuhlobisa okuzinzile ku-mixborder, kuhle ukusebenzisa i-brunner enkulu yamaqabunga. I-brunner enkulu-leaved ingabuye isetshenziswe emingceleni, ngoba ayikhuli, igcina ukubukeka kwayo isizini yonke, amaqabunga ayo acocekile, futhi akukho zifo eziphawulwayo. Ingasetshenziselwa nokutshala kuma-rockeries ane-shady, kodwa engxenyeni yabo enyakanyiswe kakhulu.
I-Siberian Brunner ayibalulekile kangako emibhedeni yezimbali, ngoba ilahlekelwa ukuhlobisa maphakathi nehlobo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lesi akusona isitshalo esingenakubalwa, esikhula ngokushesha, sakha uthango olunzima (kufika ku-50 cm ukuphakama), esisemqoka ngokuhlobisa izindawo ezinamanzi anezijule ekujuleni kwengadi noma ngemuva kombhede wezimbali. Izinzuzo zayo ijubane lokukhula, ukuqina. Ukulima akudingi isikhathi esiningi nezindleko.
Siberian Brunner (Latin Brunnera sibirica). © edu54Ozakwethu
Isihlahla esiminyene, esihle sombukiso wabazimele ngefu lezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu sibukeka sisihle eduze ne-canine primrose, hellebore, Colchiswewe, u-anyanisi, i-femene fern (i-coder yowesifazane), njll.
UBrunner Siberian. © Vitaliy GumenyukIzifo Nezinambuzane
Eminyakeni yemvula, amaqabunga onakaliswa amabala ansundu. I-varietal brunner iyahlaselwa i-powdery isikhutha, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emanzi nebandayo; izitshalo zingabola emhlabathini owuthelwe ngamanzi futhi lapho sezikhulile ezitsheni. Kulezi zinambuzane, ama-aphid nezingubo ezimhlophe kwaphawulwa kuzo.
