I-genus Impatiens, engahunyushwa ngokuthi "engafinyeleleki" noma "ethintekayo" iyisisekelo somndeni weBalsamic futhi iqukethe izinhlobo ezingamakhulu amahlanu ezikhula kuyo yonke iplanethi.
Ngenxa yokwanda nokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, akunakwenzeka ukukhombisa indawo ngqo emephini efanele ukubizwa ngokuthi yindawo yokuzalwa kwezitshalo zebhalsamu. Zitholakala emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezinomoya opholile nezishisayo, kepha kunezikhungo ezimbalwa eziphambili zokuhlushwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Lokhu, okokuqala, i-Asia namazwe ase-Afrika, North America kanye ne-Europe.
Umlando wokutholwa nokucwaningwa kwama-bals Vitamin
Ukwazi izinzwa ngokuphelelwa isineke kwaqala ngekhulu le-XVII. Imininingwane yokuqala ngezitshalo zalolu hlobo ivela ku-1689 futhi iqukethe izincazelo zezinhlobo ezithile zama-balsamu avela eNdiya nasezifundeni eziseduze zase-Asia. Ngemuva kwalokho uKarl Linney waqala ukutadisha izitshalo; abatshali bezimbali bamkweleta incazelo ephelele nokuhleleka kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo. Kepha inani elikhulu kakhulu lokutholwa emhlabeni kososayensi bebhalsamu lalilindelekile ngekhulu le-19, lapho amakhona akude namazwe aqala ukuqalwa ngenkuthalo. Enye yezinto zokugcina kabusha kwakuyiqembu lezitshalo zaseNew Zealand ezibhaliswe ngo-1989.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ezweni lethu i-Waller indal balsam, ekhula endle ngasogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika esiqhingini saseZanzibar.
Kulapha lapho izitshalo ezintsha zama-botanists zatholakala khona ngonyaka we-1861. Amakhophi amaningana, ekuqaleni aqanjwa ngumbusi wendawo, isazi semvelo saseBrithani uJohn Kirk sathutha saya e-Europe. Lapha, ukunaka kwesithunywa sevangeli esingumNgisi u-Horace Waller, esiqale sabona isitshalo esingaziwa, futhi ukutholwa kwakhe kwaziswa. Futhi i-touchy yase-Afrika ngo-1896 yathola igama elithi Impatiens walleriana.
Lesi sitshalo sithandwa yizakhamizi zamazwe amaningi. Namuhla, amabhalsamu aqhubeka egeleza ngaphakathi eNtshonalanga avame ukubizwa ngeBusy Lizzie, futhi eRussia isiko lelo libizwa ngokuthi ukukhanya kukaVanka Mokry. Igama elingajwayelekile kangako, ngisho nelivamile lichazwa ubunyoninco besitshalo, obumba amaconsi amancane amanzana amnandi emaqabungeni, agcina ephenduka amabhola kashukela alukhuni.
Phakathi kwama-bals Vitsi engadini, esithombeni, ama-Impatiens balsamina avelele - umdabu omncane kodwa okhangayo ovela eSouth Asia, ehlobisa izimbali zemingcele nemingcele ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia.
Ngekhulu le-XX, abatshali bezimbali bakwazi ukujwayelana neqembu eliningi le-nzalo evela eNew Guinea. Manje lezi zitshalo ezihlukile ziyatholakala kubaqoqeli kanye nabathandi bezilimo zasendlini, futhi ezinye izinhlobo ezisezithebeni eziphakathi zazizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu kangangokuba zaba ukhula lwangempela, zasusa izinhlobo zemvelo ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile.
Lokhu kusebenza ngokuphelele kumbhalsamu waseHimalayan, okwatholakala eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule ezweni lawo kuphela.
Ngabe libukeka kanjani ibhalsamu?
Phakathi kwama-untouchable noma, njengoba asetshenziselwa ukuzibiza eRussia, ama-bals Vitamin yizilimo zasendle, izingadi nezilimo zasekhaya. Izitshalo zonyaka ezikule ndlela ephakathi zitshalwa njengamabhalsamu engadi, kanti izinhlobo zasendlini ziyizilimo ezinotshwa minyaka yonke.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokufuya osebenzayo oqale maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kanye nokuthandwa kwezilwane ezingenaqabunga, eziqhakaza ngokuzithandela, ama-bals Vitamin athatha indawo efanelekile eqoqweni labatshali bezimbali.
Ngasikhathi sinye, zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye ngesimo nangombala wezimbali, ngosayizi nendawo yokuhlala, kunzima ngisho nokusola abamele izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuba ngabaloluhlobo olufanayo. Phakathi kwama-bals Vitamin kukhona:
- izitshalo ze-herbaceous zonyaka nezinhlobo zisetshenziswa ezibukeka njengezihlahla ezincane noma izihlahlana;
- izimfishi ezingekho ngaphezulu kwama-20 cm nama-giants of 2-metres ukuphakama;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa futhi kwakuhlala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo
Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo: "Babukeka kanjani ama-balsamu?" ayinakuba lula futhi ibe-monosyllabic.
Kepha ngokuhlukahluka okuningi, ama-bhalithamini avela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba afana kakhulu. Izitshalo zibizwa ziqinile ngenxa yezici zokuzalwa zezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Ukuthinta okuncane kubhokisi lezithelo elinamanzi kubangela ukuba kuvuleke ngokushesha, futhi okuqukethwe ngamandla amakhulu kusakaza ibanga lamamitha ambalwa.
Emhlabeni wezitshalo, ama-balsamu abhekwa njengohlobo lokugcina amarekhodi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibala nemibala yama-corollas.
Izimbali zebhalsamu zasendlini nabalingani bayo bengadi zingaba lula futhi ziphindwe kabili, zicace futhi zinamaphimbo amabili, kube nesikhungo esikhanyayo esiqhakazile noma ukusakazeka kwezindawo emaphayini.
Ububanzi obuphakathi bezimbali balsamu engaphakathi buyi-2-4 cm, kepha kunezitshalo ezijabulisa abanikazi kanye nama-corollas amakhulu anemibala ekhanyayo. Isici esibonisa imbali yebhalsamu ingumugqa omncane ogobile, kepha ukwakheka nosayizi wezipals kungahluka:
- Ekamelweni likaWaller's balsamu, ama-corollas ayethambile, futhi amacembe awo acishe afane.
- Kwezinye izinhlobo, ngenxa yamaphalishi asymmetric amafushane, izimbali zifana kakhulu nama-violets noma ama-snapdragons.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zihambisana nezimo zokuphila zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene nokuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezibandakanyeka ekungcoleni.
Izici zezitshalo zebhalsamu
Iningi lama-balsamu angaphakathi nasengadini athanda umthunzi, kukhona okumbalwa ngaphandle kwalomthetho. Okokuqala, lezi izitshalo ezivela eNew Guinea futhi, ngokwesibonelo, i-balsamine glandulifera yasendle. Kepha umswakama ubalulekile kukho konke ukuthinta, kepha izinhlobo ezi-hygrophilous kufanele zivikele izimbali namaqabunga ekwandisweni kwamanzi.
Amaqabunga e-lanceolate abushelelezi wama-balsizamu awafani ekucebeni kwamafomu, kepha angaba nombala ocacile noma ohlukahlukene. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ngenxa yenhlanganisela ekhethekile, ingaphezulu lepuleti leshidi, lihlehla lisuka kulo, futhi ishidi lihlala lomile ngisho nasemvuleni enkulu. Ngaphansi kuyavikelwa ukuthi kungamanzi nokubola ngenqwaba yamabhamuza omoya amancane ahlala phakathi kwevilli.
Ukuvikela izimbali kumazolo nemvula kuba isikhathi eside njengoba i-peduncle iyahamba njengoba kuvulwa i-corolla. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbali yensimu yebhalsamu iyagoba, njengasesithombeni, nemifudlana yamanzi ingeke iwuhlanze impova.
