Kwenzekani izaqathi - izifo eziphambili nezindlela zokwelashwa ngezithombe

Izaqathi, njengezinye izilimo zasengadini, zichayeka ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Izifo izaqathi zihlukahlukene. Phakathi kwazo kukhona njengokubola, ukuqhekeka, ukwakheka kwamafomu amangalisayo nezinsimbi, njll. Izizathu eziholele kulezi zifo nokuthi ungazisingatha kanjani zizodingidwa namuhla.

Izifo zekherothi ezivamile ngezithombe

Imvamisa phakathi kwezifo zekarrothi, kutholakala izifo ezibulala ukonakala.

I-Mucosal bacteriosis (ukubola okumanzi)

Ukubola kwe-Wet kubonakaliswa ukubonakaliswa okulandelayo, isikhumba sezimpande ze-fetus sivame ukuhlala singathinteki, kuvela iphunga elingathandeki, kwezinye izimo amabala amnyama ngaphezulu kobuso baso.

Ingaphakathi le-isanqante liba yithambile futhi liyinqwaba ebunjiweyo.

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngokushesha kwezinye izitshalo zezimpande futhi sidinga ukuphuma ngokushesha kuphume izaqathi ezinempilo.

: I-Mucosal bacteriosis (ukubola okumanzi)

I-Sclerotiniosis (ukubola okumhlophe)

Ngokubola okumhlophe, iphunga elifakwayo alisekho, noma kunjalo, ingaphezulu lesitshalo sezimpande ngokwalo lithambile futhi linamanzi futhi ngezinye izikhathi linokuhlanganiswa okumhlophe okumhlophe.

Imvamisa, isifo sesitshalo sezimpande sinqunywa ukuthambile kwezaqathe ngokwazo.

Ukushisa okwedlulele enqolobaneni (+ 20 ° C nangaphezulu) nomswakama owandayo (ngaphezulu kwama-90%) kunomthelela ekwandeni kwesilinganiso salesi sifo.

: I-Sclerotiniosis (ukubola okumhlophe)

I-Phomosis (ukubola komile)

Ukubola okomile kubonakaliswa ukubukeka kancane kancane kwezindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu nemivimbo kusuka ku-apex nangaphezulu kwendawo yonke yezimpande, kamuva okuphenduka kube yimifantu yokuluma nokubola okumhlophe.

: I-Phomosis (ukubola komile)

I-Alternariosis (ukubola okumnyama)

Isizathu sokubukeka kokubola okumnyama kukhuphuka umswakama, kubonakaliswe ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama omile nokubumba okuluhlaza bese kuphenduka ukubola okumnyama, okusakazeka ngokushesha.

Uma uqaphela ukuvela kwalesi sifo kumakherothi, ngokushesha susa isitshalo sezimpande esithintekile esitolo. Imbewu iyathinteka nokubola okumnyama.

Ngalesi sisekelo, thenga imbewu ezindaweni eziqinisekisiwe kusuka kubatshali abethembekile.

: I-Alternariosis (ukubola okumnyama)

I-Rhizoctonia (ithumba)

Ngomkhaba, kuvela amabala ezimpandeni (kamuva aphendukele onsomi), kancane kancane izaqathi zomile bese zibola. Lesi sifo sisho ukhunta.

Isifo		Izimbangela zesifo
1.	Ihamba (izimbobo) ezitshalweni ezimpande.	○ ukuchayeka ku-karoti fly izibungu.
2.	Ukuvela kokubola okungwevu.	Soil inhlabathi emanzi noma epholile; Isifo se-fungal.
3.	Ukuvela kokubola okumanzi.	○ inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu noma ipholile; ○ Izimo zokugcina ezingafanele.
4.	Ukucekelwa phansi kwezimpande.	Izers umquba we-nitrogen ngokweqile; ○ ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa komswakama; Soil inhlabathi esindayo, ngenxa yalokho isivuno sezimpande sithola umphumela onamandla wokusebenza.
5.	Ukwehlukaniswa kwesitshalo esiyimpande noma ubusawoti baso.	Soil inhlabathi esindayo, nokumelana okuqinile kwemishini ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ezimpandeni; ○ ukuchayeka ezindabeni eziphilayo.
6.	Uhlobo olubi lwezilimo zezimpande (ama-branching, amaqoqo).	○ ukukhuphuka kwabantu kwenhlabathi; Amaphutha kubuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Izimbangela zeRot

Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwakheka kokubola zingaba ezilandelayo:

ukuntuleka kwe potassium;
isimo sezulu esishisayo;
izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nomswakama kwisitoreji ngesikhathi sokugcina isivuno sezimpande;
ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo zezimpande esimweni sezulu esimanzi nokubekwa kwisitoreji ngaphandle kokomiswa kokuqala;
ehlobo nemvula ebanda kakhulu;
ibhukumaka lokugcina izaqathi esele sonakele, kufaka phakathi namagundane, izinambuzane noma ezinye izinambuzane.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukuhambisana nezidingo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo.

Akunconyelwe ukutshala izaqathe endaweni efanayo unyaka nonyaka, indawo yokutshala kufanele ishintshwe.

Ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bezolimo.

Inhlabathi yamakherothi kufanele isuswe futhi inothe ku-humus, ngenkathi ingafakwa amanzi, kepha ingomile. Ungavumeli inhlabathi ilayishe; lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni isivuno sezimpande kanye nokuvela kwezifo. Ngaphambi kokuvuna, faka umanyolo we-phosphorus-potash kuphela.

Ukugqoka imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela izaqathi, usebenzisa imbewu yazo.

Antifungal prophylaxis. Izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, ukwelashwa kokutshala ngamalungiselelo okwelapha (i-Abiga-peak, Khom, Agricola, Maroon liquid, njll).

Ukuvuna.

Isivuno esivumayo kufanele sihlangabezane nezidingo eziningi, ikakhulukazi: usuku olomile, izinga lokushisa elingaba ngu- + 5 ° C, lisike iziqongo kude ne-1.5-2 cm kusuka ezimpandeni zesitshalo sezimpande, izaqathi ziyahlungwa (zilahlwe ukuze kusetshenzwe kulimale) bese zomile.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokubeka.

Ngaphambi kokubeka isivuno, i-fumigation kufanele yenziwe noma indawo yokugcina kufanele imane ikhonjwe.

Izimo zokugcina.

Ngezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokugcina izaqathe, kufanelekile igumbi elinomoya ophansi kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho wokushisa we-0- + 2С °.

Ukuhlanza inhlabathi ezitshalweni.

Ngemuva kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukususa izinsalela zemifino ebusika, ukuze ugweme amagciwane.

Ukhula lwekhwalithi nokuncipha.

Ukulimala komzimba ezitshalweni zezimpande

Ukucekelwa phansi kwezimpande

Umonakalo onjalo esitshalweni sezimpande njengokuqhekeka, ukugqunqa noma ukuqina izinwele kufanele uthathwe njengokuphilayo, kuyilapho izaqathi zihlala zidliwe, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwazo kanye nezimpawu eziwusizo, kepha azikanconywa ukugcinwa.

Izinyathelo zokugwema ukulimala komzimba

Izinyathelo ezingase zithathwe imfashini zokugwema ukulimala komzimba zithintela futhi zilungisa imvelo:

Musa ukomisa inhlabathi, futhi uma lokhu kwenzekile, ungazami ukufuthumisa ngesikhathi. Lapho womisa inhlabathi, usakaze ukuthambisa ngokulinganayo izinsuku eziningana.
Akudingekile ukwenza umanyolo we-nitrogen noma umquba ngemuva kokubulala izaqathi.
Ukufafaza inhlabathi esindayo ekwindla, kufanele ugaye imibhede engaba ngu-10-15 cm, wenze i-sapropel (3 kg yomxube owomile / 1 imitha skwele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwengeza okufanayo: ama-deoxidizing agents (i-lime-fluff noma abanye) nabenzeli bawo be-oxidizing.

Izilokazane Zekherothi

Carrot ukundiza

Izinambuzane eziyingozi zifaka izibungu zamakhaphethi (ngesimo samacimbi amhlophe, acishe abe ngu-5-8 mm ubude), ngenxa yokuthi lapho isivuno sezimpande sonakaliswa yizimbobo ezimnyama, amabala avela ebusweni, futhi ukunambitheka kuba munyu, okuholela ekusakazweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola.

Unganquma ukunqotshwa kwe-carrot fly ngokubukeka: iziveza ngesimo sezinqe ezibomvu nokuthanda kwayo.

Impukane ye-karoti ivela emhlabathini ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwama-lilacs nezihlahla zeapula, emazingeni okushisa omhlaba angaphezu kuka-15 ° C. Ugcina amaqanda ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30 emva kokuhluma, kanti amaqanda abekwa ehlobo lonke.

Ekulwisaneni ne-carrot fly, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

Ilungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Cwilisa imbewu izinsuku eziyi-10 emanzini afudumele endaweni yokushisa ye-~ + 40 ° C ngamahora ambalwa. Ngemuva kokugcobhoza, faka imbewu kwindwangu emanzi, uyihambise esikhwameni esinezimbobo esiqandisini izinsuku eziyishumi. Yomisa ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukuqala kokutshala izaqathe.
Ukufakwa emhlabathini okhanyayo endaweni enomoya omncane, enelanga.
Ukususwa kwezinhlobo ezikhula zasendle (ama-dandelions, ama-clover) kusayithi.
Ukulawula ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.
Ukufafaza inhlabathi nezitshalo ngokwakhiwa kwepelepele elimnyama nelibomvu (1 isipuni / 1 isipuni samanzi).
Ukushintshana imibhede ye-anyanisi nesweli nezaqathi.
Ukutshala izitshalo eziphazamisa i-carrot fly (ama-marigolds).
Shelter enezikhala ezinhle noma isembozo (i-agril, i-lutrasil, njll).

Siyethemba manje, ngokwazi izifo izaqathi nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani, uzothola isivuno esicebile!