Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ze-apula, umlimi uzothola isihlahla sezithelo esihlangabezana nezimpawu zaso, izidingo zomuntu ochwepheshe noma osezingeni eliphezulu. Kuwo wonke amazwe aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ama-clones amasha nokuzivumelanisa nawo owaziwayo. Umphumela uba izihlahla ezinezinhlobo ezintsha zokuzivikela nezinye izinguquko ekwakhiweni nasezithelo zomuthi we-apula. Sizozama ukwethula izinhlobo ezaziwayo nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ngezithombe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ngezimpawu
Ukuze unqume ukuthi yisiphi isithombo sakho esidinga usizo, udinga ukwazi izici zendawo. Le miqondo ifaka:
- imaphi amafrikhisi ajwayelekile endaweni ebusika, futhi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani;
- ukuthi ngabe kunokushisa okuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kobusika nokuphola okubukhali;
- ujule kangakanani ungqimba lwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba endaweni okutshala kuyo ingadi;
- lapho kwenzeka isimo sezulu esifudumele;
- zingaki izinsuku isikhathi sokushisa okuhle esigcina ngaso isikhathi sokukhula.
Kulezi zinothi zesingeniso, lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla se-apula ukulinywa isikhathi eside, beza nokukhetha ukunambitheka kwezithelo nesikhathi sokugcina.
Lapho ubeka ingadi kunoma yisiphi isitshalo sezithelo, udinga ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe - ezinconyelwe ukulinywa kulesi sifunda.
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezilungele ubusika be-hardness. Lezo zihlahla zama-apula ezikhula kahle enkabeni yeRussia azifanelekele i-Eastern Siberia. Uma beseminyakeni yethenda bangasindiswa, khona-ke kamuva umuthi we-apula uzohlushwa yiqhwa minyaka yonke. Awukwazi ukuphakamisa isihlahla. Ukumelana neqhwa kudluliselwa ngofuzo lapho izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwa
Isihlahla se-Apple Ranetka
Isibonelo somuthi onjalo, okuyi-apula elinezithelo ezincane, yiRanetka. I-Apple-Tree ranetka yatholakala ngokuwela isihlahla sama-apula esinezithelo ezincane saseSiberia nesiShayina. Ama-apula mancane, anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-12, kepha ngokunambitheka nephunga elinothile. Ama-apula awazibangeli i-allergies futhi afakwa ekwakhiweni kokudla kwengane. Bahle ezitheni ezidliwayo kanye nejamu "ngemilenze."
Izihlahla mude, zibusika-ziqinile futhi zinikeza isivuno minyaka yonke. Aazihluphi ngesibazi futhi azinciphisi izimo zokuvalelwa. Ngokwesisekelo sokunqamula nezinye izinhlobo, izihlahla ezingama-apula zeDobrynya, Kitayka Saninsky, ne-ranetka Purple ziyavunwa.
Isihlahla se-ranetka esihlahleni esikhulu sama-apula esinezithelo ezinkulu siyoba isengezo esisebenzayo nesivelelayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Spartak
Kunconywe irejista Yombuso ukuthi isetshenziswe eMiddle Urals naseMpumalanga yeSiberia, i-Spartak ebusika ebqinile-eqine enezithelo ezinkulu. Le nhlobonhlobo iyathandwa ezindaweni lapho ama-aphula asanda kuthunyelwa izithelo kuze kube manje. Izinhlobo zahlatshwa eSamara Experimental Station ngumfuyi wezolimo uS. Kedrin .Kumiswe esihlahleni samaShayina noma esihlahleni samaapula seZhigulevskaya, izithombo zeSpartak ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngaphambi kokuba zitshale endaweni ehlala njalo. Esithombeni, isihlahla sama-apula se-Spartak esitokisini esichaziwe, silungele ukutshala.
Umuthi uvuka ngokushesha ekuqothulweni bese uqala uhlaza olusheshayo. Kuvunwe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, kepha kungakapheli inyanga bathola ukunambitheka ngenkathi belele. Apula 90-130 g, kukhona futhi nezinhlobo ezinkulu ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza izithelo. Izithelo ziyasuswa lapho ziphenduka zibe bomvana. Lapho uhlakulela, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ziphakathi nendawo ukumelana, ngakho-ke izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela ngenkathi yokukhula ziyadingeka. Amagatsha esihlahla esincanyana aqondiswa engela elinamandla, ngakho-ke, ukuphambuka okuqhubekayo kwamagatsha wamathambo kuya endaweni evundlile kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhefu ngokuzayo ngaphansi kwesisindo sezithelo akunakugwenywa.
I-Apple Tree Imant
I-Apple-Tree Imant ngeke ikhule eSiberia, kepha ukumelana nesithwathwa kuyakuvumela ukuba kutshalwe esimweni sezulu saseSifundeni SaseMoscow. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuzalela kweBelarusian ezitholwe ngokuwela i-Antey neLiberty ngokwethulwa kohlobo lokulwa nesibazi. Ungakhula isihlahla sama-apula esitokisini sembewu nakuyi-Clone. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuthi ojwayelekile uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala. Le nhlobonhlobo ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni esifundeni saseMoscow.
I-Apple Tree Imant ivikeleke ngofuzo kuqwebe, oluthinteka kancane ezifweni zeziqu, ukuqhekeka nomdlavuza. Esiqwini eneminyaka emihlanu, isihlahla sama-apula sinikeza kuze kube ngu-25 kg wezithelo ezihambisanayo. Ama-apula makhulu, aze afike ku-200 amagremu ngesisindo. Umbala oyinhloko uluhlaza, kepha umbala obomvu ongenasibhakabhaka umboza izithelo zonke. Ukunambitheka kwesithelo simnandi futhi simuncu. Ukulondolozwa kwezithelo emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuze kube nguJuni.
I-Apple-Tree Kolonovidny Medok
I-Apple-Tree Kolonovidny Medok ibanga lasekwindla. Ama-apula e-Amber anamathela esihlahleni muhle kakhulu. Kubonakala sengathi zikhanya kusuka kuju olwabondlayo. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Autumn, ukuvuna kwenziwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ama-apula awagcinwanga isikhathi eside, kuphela inyanga, kepha ukuvuna okuhle kuyatholakala kuwo. Izihlahla ze-Apple zifuna amandla okuzala, futhi ngokuya ngomsoco, izithelo zingaba nesisindo kusuka kumagremu ayi-100 kuye kwangama-250.
Lesi sihlahla sikalwa ngamamitha amabili ukuphakama futhi ububanzi bungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Ngokutshala okuyi-compact, isihlahla ngasinye se-apula-sihlahla se-medok esine-apula sinikeza kuze kube ngu-10 kg wezithelo ze-amber. Umuthi uqala, unganikeza isivuno ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Ukufika okuminyene, amasentimitha angama-60 phakathi kweziqu nemitha phakathi kwezintambo. Izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela isithwathwa ku-40, kepha ngokuphepha okuqinisekisiwe kungcono ukuqhuba indawo yokuhlala yasebusika. Izinambuzane zivame ukuhlasela iMedoc, ukunakekelwa kwenziwa lula.
Izihlahla ze-Apple zomzila ophakathi
Okwehlukaniswa ngokwezwe ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezifudumele, kunezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zokukhethwa kweRussia, iMelika, isiFulentshi, iBaltic. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezinobulukhuni obumaphakathi obuphakathi, ezikwazi ukubekezelela kalula amaqabunga angama-20-30 degrees, izihlahla ezinde nezinsayizi ephakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, sizokwethula lezi zinhlobo zezihlahla zama-apula ngokuya ngokuvuthwa kwazo ekuqaleni. Ngokuyikho, thola isivuno eminyakeni engu-5 noma engu-9 emva kwekhwaya. Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike esithelweni sembewu noma kuhlanganiswe kuhlanganiswe ku-Clone.
Ama-compact ukukhula akhula kancane amelwa izinhlobo ze-apula ezinesithombe:
- ubusika - iLanga, i-Oryol enemichilo;
- Champion maphakathi nesizini;
- ibanga lokuqala Elena.
Ensimini eyodwa, izinhlobo zezikhathi zokuvuthwa ezihlukene zivame ukutshalwa, okuvumela ukuba ube nezithelo zokwelapha unyaka wonke. Izinhlobo zasehlobo zidliwa kungakapheli inyanga emva kokuvunwa, ubusika, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, zigcinwa kuze kube maphakathi nehlobo.
Isihlahla se-Apple Elena
Ngakho-ke, umuthi we-apula u-Elena ungowezinhlobo zasehlobo. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhethwa kweBelarusian zamukelwa ukuzalaniswa ngo-2001 futhi kulesi sifunda siyisitshalo esinzima ebusika esinokunambitheka kwe-apula esikalini samaphuzu ayisi-4,8 - inkomba enhle kakhulu. Izihlahla zokuphakama okuphakathi, ezimpondweni ezimfushane zithela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu. Isihlahla sama-apula simelana nemithi. I-ovary esihlahleni sama-apula maningi; ukuthambisa kuyadingeka ukuze ungagcwali isihlahla. E-Belarus, ama-apula avuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi.
I-Apple Tree Champion
Ibanga eliphakathi ne-Apple Tree Champion. Umuthi wama-apula okhethiweyo waseCzech usakaze ngokushesha kuyo yonke ingxenye yaseYurophu ehlathini-emaphethelweni e-Ukraine. Ngisho nase-Ukraine, izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukufakelwa ubusika.
Umuthi awuphakama, ukukhula minyaka yonke kuncane. Ukumelana nezifo nezinambuzane kuphakathi, kuphakeme ukubanga. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula ekuseni futhi zidinga ukuba khona kwe-pollinator yokwenza izithelo ezinhle. Ukuqola kwenziwa minyaka yonke, kuningi. Ama-apula aboshwe, amagremu ayi-190 lilinye, avunwa ngoSepthemba. Kuvunwe izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezibomvu kumnandi futhi kumuncu.
Isithelo se-Apple-Orlovsky sinezintambo
Izinhlobonhlobo zasebusika zimelwe isihlahla sama-apula se-Orlovsky. Izinhlobonhlobo zachithwa futhi zangena kwirejista, njengoba kunconyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni, ngo-1986. I-hardness yasebusika ilungele indawo ephakathi yeRussia nesifunda sase-Oryol. Izinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengezinhle ngokulandela isivuno nokunambitheka kwezithelo. Okuwukuphela kwendlela edonsa ngayo iwukuthi ama-apula anesikhumba esincane, futhi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka lapho uvuna futhi uthutha. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nesibazi futhi zingena izithelo iminyaka emi-3-4.
Isihlahla se-Apple Ilanga
Isihlahla sama-apula ebusika ILanga sathola imvume yokuhlala ezingadini zaseRussia enkabeni ngo-2001. Kodwa ubulukhuni busika bezinhlobonhlobo buhle kakhulu. Amagatsha aqandayo ku-40 awenzanga miphumela. Ilungele ukutshalwa kuma-rootstocks amancanyana futhi ngokwayo inokukhula okuphansi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha zilungele izingadi zezimboni. Isihlahla se-Apple Ilanga livikelekile ukugoba emazingeni ezakhi zofuzo. Izithelo zivuthwa engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba futhi zigcinwa kuze kufike uNyaka Omusha.
Isihlahla se-Apple Streifling
Izinhlobo ezinde zindala kakhulu futhi bezisungula ukuthi zithembekile. Zisebenza njengezindwangu zesibeletho ngokuzalanisa izinhlobo ezintsha zemithi yama-apula. Phakathi kwazo, akunakwenzeka ukudlula i-Baltic apple-tree strain Streifling. Umuthi omkhulu ongamamitha ayi-8 ukuphakama kanye nomqhele ofanayo wokusabalalisa okukude kufana ne-cauldron efakwa ngaphakathi. Lesihlahla sivamile emgqeni ophakathi nendawo onamazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika. Ama-apula amakhulu afinyelela ku-200 amagremu. Isihlahla se-apula sithanda umswakama futhi asibekezeleli isomiso. Ama-apula we-peel ngoSepthemba, agcinwe izinyanga ezingama-2-3. Izithelo zigxiliwe kahle, kuthi lapho zibambezelwa ukuvuna, azikhuli, kepha zigcinwa zimbi kakhulu. Ukuqina kobusika kwesihlahla sama-apula se-Streifling kungamaphakathi, kepha kwanele endaweni yayo yokuhlala. Umuthi wama-apula uthele izithelo unyaka nonyaka.
I-Apple Tree Idared
Umuntu omele ukhetho lwaseMelika ngu-Apple Idared. Izinhlobo zasebusika zitshalwa eningizimu yezwe lethu nase-Ukraine. Izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngekhwalithi yezentengiso yezithelo. Kuhlotshwe ngoSepthemba, zigcina izimfanelo ezingathengiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Umuthi awugxili ukugoba isifo.
IsiShayina sase-Apple Belfer
Isihlahla saseBelfer Chinese luhlobo lwangaphambi kwempi lokukhethwa kweMichurinsky. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinde ezinama-apula sekwindla asekwindla okumnandi kakhulu zaveza izinhlobo eziningi zokukhethwa ezifuywayo. Ukufakwa izithelo kwalesi sihlahla se-apula kuqala ngonyaka wesishiyagalombili noma wesishiyagalolunye. Umuthi we-apula udinga ukuvikeleka ezinambuzaneni nasikhondweni, unobunzima obuphansi basebusika ezimeni zesifunda saseMichurinsky.
Isihlahla se-Apple Borovinka
Izinhlobo ze-apula zesihlahla i-Borovinka zingezinhlobo zasendulo zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo zezithelo zokuqala. Kepha ama-apula akhe awakhuli, angama-gramu ayi-90 kuphela, ukunambitheka kuyinto esezingeni eliphansi, impilo yeshalofu yinyanga eyodwa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo namaqabunga esihlahla se-apula salokhu okuhlukahlukene kuthinteka kakhulu yisibazi.
I-Apple Tree Gloucester
Umuthi we-apula weGloucester ungakhula endaweni eyisiphuphu emincane noma ube yisihlahla esikhulu esisakazayo. Ukugoqa esitokisini kusuka kwisithombo kukhonjiswa ngentuthuko ende kuze kube ukuvuna kokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa ngobuhlakani:
- ukwakheka komqhele onamagatsha agobekayo aye endaweni evundlile;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezivimba ukukhula kwamagatsha ehlobo;
- umehluko kusuka ekugqokeni okuphezulu kwengxenye ye-nitrogen.
Esiqwini sesiphunzi semifino emincane, isihlahla sama-apula siqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine. Izithelo zikhulu, zifinyelela ku-200 amagremu. Ukuqina kwama-apula kuphakeme, kumuncu kancane. Zigcinwa kuze kube izinyanga ezi-4 futhi azilimalanga ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Isihlahla se-Apple Kovalenkovskoe
Isihlahla sama-apula esikhulu esinezithelo ezinkulu iKovalenkovskoe savuswa ngumfuyi waseBelarus. Izinhlobonhlobo zisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo futhi zikhula ngokushesha. Esiqwini sesiphunga esikhula ngonyaka wesithathu kukhula isihlahla esidala. Izithelo zesikhathi sokuvuthwa ehlobo, ngoba i-Apple Mseli ivuna isivuno sokuqala. Nambitha ama-apula ngemuva kokuphumula kwamasonto amabili ngemuva kokuvunwa. Izithelo azikhubeki, ukuvuthwa kuyelulwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zabelwa esifundeni esiphakathi neRussia futhi zisatshalaliswa ezweni lokudalwa.
UJonathan Apple Tree
I-Apple Tree Jonathan iyisihambi saseMelika ezwenikazi lethu. E-Russia, lolu hlobo lwe-apula lukhula kuphela eNyakatho neCaucasus. Ukuthathwa esitokisini esiphakathi ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5. Umuthi wama-apula unikeza izithelo minyaka yonke kanti isivuno esikhulu esihlahleni esisodwa se-apula singama-490 kg. Umuthi we-apula umelana nemaba futhi uvame ukugula nge-powdery hlobo. Izithelo zinokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kophudingi nempilo eshalofini ende. Izinhlobo ze-apula ezidumile ezithiwe nguJonathan.
Isihlahla se-Apple uFlorina
Isihlahla sama-apula sesihambeli saseFrance uFlorina sahlala endaweni yama-steppes kanye nama-steppes asehlathini. Izinhlobonhlobo zasebusika, ama-apula amnandi. Umuthi uphakathi ngosayizi ngomqhele oyindilinga. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-5. Lesi sihlahla siqhakaza isikhathi eside futhi sikwazile ukuphumelela. Ngakho-ke, isethi yezithelo ilungile. Ukuvuna ngo-Okthoba. Ama-apula agcinwa kahle futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi aba amnandi kakhulu nangaphezulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nesibanda nezifo ezingamagciwane.
I-Apple Tree Royalty
Kepha izihlahla zama-apula azibalulekile njengezihlahla zezithelo. Umugqa wezihlahla zokuhlobisa umelwa nezihlahla ezikhunjulwa kahle. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifaka iRoyal Royalty, Nedzvetsky, Kitayka kanye nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-190 zezihlahla zokuhlobisa. Ubukhosi buzoba ngumhlobiso wanoma yikuphi ukwakheka. Iqhathaniswa ngombala ne-sakura. Lezi zihlahla ezihlotshisiwe zama-apula zihlobisa ukubukeka komhlaba. Izimbali ezinqobayo zihlala amasonto amabili, kepha isihlahla esinamaqabunga ama-cherry nawo sihlobisa. Izithelo zase-apula zasebukhosini azinakuphikwa.
Kuleli qoqo sizamile ukunikeza imininingwane ethile emhlabeni we-apula. Kepha lokhu kuyingxenye encane yolwazi mayelana nalesi sihlahla sokuphila esimangalisayo.
