Ifilakisi yefilakisi, noma iSpark utshani

Lapho iqhuma, ibukeka njengelangabi lekhandlela. Futhi lokhu kukhanya okujabulisayo kuhlala isikhathi eside kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho esihlabathini scards, lapho ocebeni lomhlaba. Isitshalo esikhanyayo asilutho nje ngaphandle kwefilakisi elijwayelekile, ukhula oluyinqaba, olucasulayo kakhulu abalimi bensimu nabalimi. Ukuyisusa akulula neze: ngisho nangokwesandla, akunjalo, cha, iphinde ishelele. Futhi into ukuthi ifilakisi yisitshalo esihluma izimpande. Uma enhlabathini kusala okungenani ucezu lwezimpande ezivundile nezinso ezibekiwe, isihlahla siyoba lapho futhi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukhula luyishumi. Inzalo yabantu abadala yefilakisi cishe ingahlukeki kubanduleli bayo, njengoba inamandla futhi ingeyintsha.

Ifilakisi elijwayelekile (I-Linaria vulgaris) - isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial, uhlobo lohlobo lwe-Flax; Manje lolu hlobo luvame ukubhekiselwa kwiPlantain yomndeni (uPlantaginaceae), ngaphambili eyayibekwa emndenini uNorichen (Scrophulariaceae) noma uVeronica (Veronicaceae). Amagama adumile wesitshalo: ifilakisi yasendle, gill, chistik.

I-Flax ejwayelekile (i-Linaria vulgaris). © Jaroslav Jirásek

Kuliqiniso yini ukuthi lolutshani buzoba? Izimbali zihlala zivaliwe, kanti impova ethambile izogcinwa kokubili emvuleni nasebhakede eliqedayo. Isiqu sivikelwe futhi, sitshalwe ngokunamabala ngamaqabunga avamile. Yebo, futhi amaqabunga ngokwawo ahlelelwe isomiso, ngoba akunasizathu sokuthi mncane, alukhuni futhi akhelekile ngokusobala. Imifino enjalo ayinandaba. Ekwindla, bheka imbewu - kanti yona ingeyokuqala. Lapho amabhokisi ama-coarse ehla izibazi futhi avuleke, ifilakisi lizonyakazisa ama-disc amancane aminyene aye maphakathi nomoya, Le yimbewu. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi i-discs yembewu lizungezwe ifilimu nayo ayiyona ingozi. Ngakho-ke kulula kubo ukuthi bahambe futhi bandize. Futhi ekugcineni, qhathanisa ama-rhizomes! Ifilakisi, elalikhule ehlathini, yize i-rhizome yathuthukiswa kahle, esikhundleni sesiqu, ithatha izimpande ezimbili ezilandayo eziqondile. Lokhu kuyaqondakala: indawo yokudla izakhi isondele kakhulu kunodoti wehlathi. Kepha emhlabeni olimekayo, ukhula oluhle luthola izimpande ezifinyelela ngokujulile: ifilakisi elinjalo alinakudonswa ngaphandle yizimbangi eziluhlaza. Kuyavela ukuthi i-flue izimpande ze-rhizome zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomhlaba ezahlukahlukene.

Kodwa noma kunjalo, into emangalisa kunazo zonke ifilakisi i-corolla yembali. I-Lipped futhi ifana ne-pharynx, nayo inikezwe ngomkhumbi omncane - i-spur. Lesi spur siqukethe ujusi omnandi, lapho izinambuzane zinambitha kakhulu. Kepha lokhu kuyinhlanhla embi: akekho onikezwe izinyawo eziyisithupha, ngaphandle kwezimbungulu, anikezwa ngefilakisi. Izimbungulu ziyamsiza ekuvundeni, futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, zibanikeza isipho.

I-Flax ejwayelekile (i-Linaria vulgaris). © madfotobiz

Kwenzeka kanjena. I-shaggy bumblebee ihlala ezindebeni eziphansi ze-corolla, igcobhoza ngamandla ngokusebenzisa amabala amboze i-pharynx, ifinyelele kwisipin, yethula i-proboscis ibe umpe - neziphuzo, iqoqe uketshezi olunamakha. Ngenkathi enza konke lokhu, impova ephazamisekile yama-anthers icwebeka ngqo emhlane wakhe, ilanda kusuka kubabusi. Manje umqwayizi usukuma, futhi emoyeni uzoba nomthwalo. Kwesinye imbali, umlamuleli wethu wokuvota uzosebenzisa impova kuhlazo, lapho umhlwanyeli onamaphiko, ezothatha ingxenye yengxenyeni yefilakisi. Ubungani lapha budala kakhulu kangangokuba bobabili isinambuzane nesitshalo "bazivumelanisa" nomunye. Kunoma ikuphi, ifilakisi aliyethembi ukungcoliswa kwalo kunoma yisiphi isinambuzane.

Yebo, futhi yibaphi kubo abangenza lo msebenzi? Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-proboscis ende ilungelo lezinye izimbungulu. Futhi yize kunezinhlelo eziningi phakathi kwezinambuzane, azikwazi ukuthola umpe wefilakisi. Kuliqiniso, ezinye i-hymenoptera zikwazile ukuletha umpe ngendlela ezungezanayo: ziququda lapho kuqhuma umoya ngaphandle futhi zikhulule kalula umkhumbi othulwe ngalo umgodi.

Ngaphezu koju, ifilakisi lidume nangokuthi umthombo omuhle wepende ophuzi. Ubuhle bezimbali zalesi sitshalo abuzange buqapheleke: izinhlobo zezingadi zezimbali zefilakisi zijabulisa ama-amateur zemvelo ngokuvela okusha kombala, inhlanganisela engajwayelekile yemigqa ye-contour. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukhula lwabantu lwaluqanjwa ngokuthi i-slipper ngenxa yobumnandi bezimbali. Igama elithi "ifilakisi" linikezwe ukufana kwalo nefilakisi: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, amaqabunga awo afana kakhulu. Kepha kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia lesi sitshalo sasibizwa ngokuhlukile: i-branchial, gill, yellowberry, izinsimbi eziphuzi, okokuqothula kwefilakisi, okupholile (okubandayo kuze kufike ekuthinteni), izingono, uswidi kashukela, ithole, futhi nangaphansi kwegama eliyinqaba le-grimon.

Ifilakisi yefilakisi lalisetshenziselwa umuthi wesintu wezimpawu zesikhumba namabele, kwezinye izindawo lalisetshenziswa njengephilisi lokulala.

I-Flax ejwayelekile (i-Linaria vulgaris). © Chironius

Ifilakisi elijwayelekile alinazo izinzuzo zokudla okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunasizathu sithathwa njengobuthi ngamahhashi, izinkomo, amathole. Izilwane, zinobuthi ngefilakisi, zizizwa zicindezelekile: ziyeka ukuhlafuna izinsini, amathe, i-suffocate, futhi zihlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu esiswini. Ngenhlanhla, amacala anjalo aqabile, ngoba izinkomo azivamisile ukuthinta ifilakisi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, ziyawesabisa amadlelo ngazo zombili iphunga nokunambitha. Ubuthi botshani bubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-glucosides athize (i-linarin ne-pectolinarin), aqeda i-hydrocyanic acid. Kukholelwa ukuthi ifilakisi linoshevu kuwo wonke amaqabunga nesiqu, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sezimbali.

Sekukonke, ama-botanists abala izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150 zefilakisi lefilakisi phansi. Zisatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi endaweni eshisayo. Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo ezingama-34 zalesi sitshalo zitholakala, ikakhulukazi eCaucasus. I-flaxseed evamile ngokulinganayo kuphela "ejabule" eningizimu nasenyakatho.