Umuthi we-apula wekholamu uyisisekelo semvelo somuthi wama-apula ongenawo amagatsha aseceleni. EBritish Columbia, edolobhaneni laseKelowna (eliseCanada), esihlahleni esidala sama-apula iMacintosh, esasineminyaka engama-50, kwatholakala igatsha elingajwayelekile, noma kunalokho, lalinamahlamvu nezithelo ezingafani nalutho futhi kwakungekho neze amagatsha alandelana. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1964. Lokhu kuguqulwa okuzenzakalelayo akuzange kubonwe ngabazalisi futhi kwasatshalaliswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngosizo lwayo, ochwepheshe badala izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika. Ngasikhathi sinye, bobabili abalimi besiNgisi baseKent County nabachwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe basebenza kulesi sitshalo. Ngo-1976, amasampula okuqala alolu hlobo lwesihlahla seapula atholakala.
Izici zomuthi we-apula wekholomu
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi lezo zimpawu ezingajwayelekile zesihlahla se-apula eliqhamukayo ngokuqondile zincike kuhlobo oluthile lwofuzo i-Co. Kulezi zitshalo, amagatsha asuka esiqwini at engela elikhulu, futhi akhula cishe eduze komqhubi. Kulokhu, izihlahla zama-apula ezinjengalezi zangaphandle ziyafana neziqhwaga ze-pyramidal. Umuthi onjalo we-apula unesiqu esiminyene lapho amagatsha amaningi akhula khona, futhi izimbali zezimbali zitholakala eziqongweni zazo. Amagatsha asemathambo ezihlahla ezilula zama-apula anamandla amakhulu kunamagatsha aseceleni kwezihlahla zamaapula. Imvamisa zishintshwa yimikhonto, imicamelo noma amagilavu. Amahlumela esitshalo esinjalo aminyene, kanti ama-internode amafushane atholakala kuwo. Izinhlobo ze-dwarf azithambekeleli ekuhlaselweni ngokuqhathaniswa nokukhula okuphakathi (izikhathi eziyi-1.5-3) nezinde (izikhathi ezi-3-4). Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sineminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala, amagatsha asebusweni ayeka ukukhula. Esimweni lapho ihlumela le-apical lilimele, isitshalo siyayeka ukukhula, kepha amagatsha aseceleni aqala ukukhula ngokukhuthele. Mayelana nalokhu, labo balimi abafuna ukukhulisa isihlahla sama-apula sekholomu kumele benze konke ukuze iphuzu lokukhula kwesitshalo ligcinwe okungenani iminyaka emibili noma emithathu. Umuthi onjalo we-apula uzoqala ukuqhakaza futhi uthele izithelo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3 yokuphila. Ukuvunwa eminyakeni eyi-5-6 yokuqala minyaka yonke kuba nensada, kepha sekuvele ngonyaka we-7-8 wokuphila kwesitshalo kubhekwa njengokuphakeme impela, kepha lokhu kuphela lapho isihlahla sama-apula sigcinwa kahle. Umuthi we-apula wekholamu uthele izithelo ungabi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20, ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, iningi le-spruce liyafa. Kepha uma ukhula ngokuqinile noma ngohlobo oluphakathi nendawo noma isihlahla esifakelwe emasimini wembewu, khona-ke kulezi zimo ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha izihlahla, okungakhulisa kakhulu impilo yesihlahla se-apula.
Izihlahla ze-Apple njengezihlahla zekoloni zilungele abanikazi abancane bengadi. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sesihlahla esisodwa sama-apula esivamile, ungatshala amakholomu ambalwa. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlukene zezihlahla zama-apula ezinsundu:
- izinhlobonhlobo ezine-Co gene;
- izinhlobo ezilula ezazixhunywe ezitokisini zama-clonal ezinemibala emincane kakhulu (zakhiwe njengamakholamu).
Ukutshala Izihlahla ze-Colony Apple
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ochwepheshe baluleka ukutshala lolu hlobo lwesihlahla se-apula entwasahlobo, kepha udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Uma ufisa, ungatshala isithombo endaweni evulekile ekwindla ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba noma ezinsukwini zokuqala ngo-Okthoba, into esemqoka ukugcina isimo sezulu sifudumele. Ngokutshala, kunconywa ukuthenga izithombo zonyaka, kuneziyinhlobonhlobo. Iqiniso ngukuthi izitshalo zokuqhathanisa ezinjalo zanda kalula izimpande futhi ziqala ukukhula futhi zithele izithelo ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho ukhetha i-seedling, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ezimpandeni zayo, ngakho-ke, akufanele zibole. Izihlahla ezinezimpande ezomile ngaphezulu nazo azifanelekile ukuthenga. Kungcono ukuthenga isithombo esitsheni; singatshalwa ehlobo. Indawo efanelekayo kufanele ivuleke futhi ibe nelanga, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isihlahla esinjalo sama-apula sidinga ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla yomoya. Inhlabathi iyadingeka igcwaliswe ngezakhi zomzimba futhi itholakala kahle emanzini. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kule ndawo kufanele alale ekujuleni okungaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-200.
Ukutshala Isihlahla Sama-Apple Esiyisiququ ku-Autumn
Esimweni lapho uthatha isinqumo sokutshala ngokushesha inani elikhulu lezihlahla zama-apula, khona-ke kufanele kuhlelwe ngemigqa. Ngakho-ke, ibanga phakathi kwezithombo zilandelana kufanele okungenani libe amasentimitha angama-50, kuyilapho isikhala somugqa singamasentimitha ayi-100. Imisele yokutshala, okufanele ibe nosayizi okungenani amasentimitha angama-90x90x90, kufanele ilungiswe isigamu senyanga ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, khona-ke ngemuva kokutshala nokulahla inhlabathi, intamo yezimpande izotholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesithombo.
Ngenqubo yokumba umgodi, udinga ukususa ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi, lapho kunesilinganiso esikhulu sezakhi zomzimba, ngokwahlukaniswa nengqimba engezansi, kuvimbela ukuxubana kwabo. Esimweni lapho inhlabathi isinda, khona-ke phansi komgodi kubalulekile ukubeka ungqimba lwetshe elichotshoziwe elihlanganiswe nesihlabathi ukuze kukhishwe amanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kusuka emabhakede amathathu kuya kwayi-4 we-humus (umquba), amagremu ayi-100 we-superphosphate kanye nama-50 kuya kwayi-100 amagremu womanyolo we-potassium kufanele athululelwe enhlabathini evundile bese uxuba konke. Kunconywa futhi ukuthulula kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 amagremu kafulawa we-dolomite enhlabathini acidic. Thela le nhlabathi emgodini wokufika bese ukala umphezulu wawo. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, inhlabathi izozinza futhi ibumbane.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, udinga ukuthulula inhlanganisela yenhlabathi esele emgodini wokufika nge-slide. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukufaka uhlelo lwezimpande zesihlahla se-apula ngqo kule "gquma" ukuze intamo yezimpande ye-seedling ikhuphuke kancane ngaphezu kobuso bendawo. Ngemuva kokuba izimpande ziqonde, udinga ukuthulula emgodini ongenamhlaba (kusuka kungqimba olungaphansi) bese uluhlanganisa ngokucophelela. Buyela emuva usuka esiqwini ngamasentimitha angama-30 bese wenza i-roller ewuzungezile, ukuphakama kwawo kufanele kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Umuthi otshaliwe kufanele uniselwe, usebenzisa amalitha ayi-10-20 amanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene enhlabathini, ingaphezulu laso kufanele lifafazwe nge-mulch (sawdust, peat noma ngotshani). Uma ufisa, ungafaka ukusekelwa eduze kwesithombo bese ubopha.
Ungatshala kanjani isihlahla se-apula esinebala entwasahlobo
Uma kunjalo, uma ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula wethala kuhlelwa intwasahlobo, khona-ke kunconywa ukulungisa imigodi yokutshala ekwindla. Ebusika, inhlabathi izoxazululeka, icwecwe, bese umanyolo osetshenzisiwe uzoncibilika. Izihlahla ze-Apple ezitshalwe emigodini enjalo zinezimpande ngokushesha, futhi ngonyaka ofanayo ziyakwazi ukuqhakaza. Tshala izithombo kusentwasahlobo ngendlela efanayo nasekwindla.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sama-apula okwenziwe ngamakholoni
Ukunakekelwa Kwentwasahlobo
Entwasahlobo, udinga ukunquma izihlahla ze-apula uzicubungule ngenhloso yokuvimbela ezinambuzaneni nasezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane eziyingozi. Udinga ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokwenza lezi zinqubo ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwezinso. Ngasikhathi sinye, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kumele ungeniswe emhlabathini.
Izihlahla ze-apula ezitshalwe kulo nyaka zidinga ukugqashula kuzo zonke izihlahla ezikhethiwe. Ezitshalweni zonyaka wesibili wokuphila, kusala ama-buds ayi-10 kuphela. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, umthwalo esihlahleni akufanele ukhushulwe ngokushesha, kepha, kancane kancane, ngokwesibonelo, amahlumela ama-2 ngaphezulu asele esihlahleni kunokuba izithelo zivuthwe. Ngakho-ke, kusixhumanisi ngasinye sezithelo 2 ama-inflorescence kufanele aqhubeke, futhi ukuphinda kunciphisa kwenziwe ehlobo.
Futhi, izihlahla zama-apula wekholomu kumele ziniselwe ngendlela yesikhathi futhi ungqimba oluphezulu lweningi lombuthano osusondele luyakhululwa. Kodwa-ke, esimeni lapho umuthi ukhule esitokisini sekholomu, ngesikhathi sokukhululwa kwenhlabathi, izimpande zesitshalo zingalimala. Kulokhu, umbuthano wesiqu somthi unconyelwa ukuba uphanyekwe, futhi ungafafazwa nge-mulch. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubuyisa imitha yekota esiqwini bese uhlwanyela utshani besiderat embuthanweni, obuzodinga ukulungiswa okujwayelekile.
Ukunakekelwa Kwehlobo
Kuze kube maphakathi noJuni, kubalulekile ukwenza ukugqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi, okuyiwona asebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Ngemuva kwefomu lamaqanda, kuzodingeka ukuthi uzingcwelise okwesibili. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-½ yama-ovari kufanele ihlale esihlahleni. Ngemuva kokuthi izithelo zifane ngosayizi kuma-cherries, kuyadingeka ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ku-inflorescence ngayinye kukhona ama-ovari ama-2 kuphela. Lapho ama-apula afana ngosayizi we-walnut, udinga ukususa elinye lamaqanda amabili asele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphela isithelo esingu-1 okufanele sikhule kusixhumanisi esingu-1 sezithelo.
Ehlobo, ungakhohlwa ukwenza izivivinyo zokuvimbela izihlahla zeapula. Uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izinambuzane eziyingozi noma lesi sitshalo siyagula, kubalulekile-ke ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi ukuselapha noma ukuqeda izinambuzane, ngoba kungenjalo ungashiywa ngaphandle kwesilimo. Amaviki ama-4 ngaphambi kosuku okuhloswe ngalo ukuvuna kufanele kumise zonke izitshalo ezisebenzayo ezinambuzaneni nasezinambuzaneni eziyingozi.
Ngokuqala kuka-Agasti, umanyolo we-organic, kanye nalelo oqukethe i-nitrogen, uyeka ukufakwa emhlabathini. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuphela umanyolo we-potash anconyelwe ukufakwa emhlabathini, ngoba anomthelela ekuvuthweni okusheshayo kwamahlumela amancane. Ukuze izingxenye ezingaphezulu zamahlumela zingahlushwa isithwathwa ebusika, kubalulekile ukuba zifinyeze ngamaqabunga 2/3 4 akhiwe phezulu impela.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Autumn
Ekwindla, lapho izithelo zivunwa, umanyolo kumele ufakwe enhlabathini futhi welashwe ngokumelene nezinambuzane eziyingozi nefungus eziphephele kugxolo, kanye nangaphakathi kwendilinga yesiqu. Uma kunesidingo, kuyadingeka ukunquma ngezinhloso zokuhlanzeka, bese ulungisa izihlahla ukuze zidale ubusika.
Ukucutshungulwa okwenziwe yikholomu kwezihlahla zama-apula
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa) nasekwindla (lapho amaqabunga ewa), lezi zihlahla zama-apula kumele zicutshungulwe ukuze kuvikelwe izifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu esikhulu nalo kufanele liphathwe. Imvamisa, abalimi kuleli cala basebenzisa isisombululo se-Nitrafen noma i-Bordeaux fluid (1%). Lokhu kwelashwa kuzosiza ukuqeda izinambuzane eziyingozi namagciwane kwezifo ezahlukahlukene ezisemhlabeni wesiyingi sesiqu kanye nasegangeni lesihlahla seapula. Kukhona labo balimi abasebenzisa isixazululo se-urea (7%) ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo, osebenza njenge-fungicidal kanye ne-insecticidal agent, kanye nomanyolo we-nitrogen.
Ukunisela
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwesihlahla se-apula alunampande yezimpande engena ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande lukhona futhi lubekwe ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-stem, kubalulekile ukunisela izitshalo ezincane ehlobo ngesimo sezulu esijwayelekile njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 . Isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo, kuyadingeka ukunisela izihlahla zama-apula wekholar nsuku zonke noma isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezi-2. Ukunisela izitshalo ezivuthiwe kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezi-1 noma ezi-2 ngezinsuku eziyi-7. Ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe kancane, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, lezi zitshalo ziyeka ukuniselwa ngokuphelele, iqiniso ngukuthi kumele zibe nesikhathi sokuqeda ukwakheka kwezimbali eziqhakazayo, kanye nokukhula, futhi zilungiselele nokubusika.
Ukuze inhlabathi ingomi ngokushesha futhi akukho gqinsi eliminyene ebusweni bawo, umbuthano wesiqu ufafazwa ungqimba lwe-mulch (utshani) noma uhlwanyelwe umquba oluhlaza. Ukunisela izihlahla ezinjalo zama-apula kunconywa yindlela yokudonsa, kuyilapho ukuncipha komswakama ohlelweni lwezimpande kufanele kususwe. Kodwa-ke, kanye njalo emavikini ama-4 kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ukunisela okuningana ukuze inhlabathi ibe manzi kuze kufike ekujuleni kwezimpande. Kanye njalo emavikini ama-2 kusihlwa ilanga selishonile, udinga ukunisela kahle imiqhele yezitshalo ephuma kwi-hose.
Umanyolo
Njengoba kwakhiwa inani elikhulu kakhulu lamaapula kulesihlahla, ibamba izakhi zomzimba eziningi enhlabathini. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo esinjalo kufanele sivundiswe kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula okukhulu. Entwasahlobo, umanyolo we-organic kumele ungezwe enhlabathini. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa womabili umquba wenkukhu ovuthiwe kanye nesele. Ukuze umuthi uthole inani elidingekayo le-nitrogen, ungalifafaza ngesisombululo se-urea (7%), kepha udinga ukukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukuqhakaza kuqale ukuvula. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphambi kokuqala kwengxenye yesibili yenkathi yehlobo, uma ifiswa, izitshalo zingondliwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngendlela yefoliar nesixazululo se-urea (0.1%) singasetshenziswa.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu (ukusuka ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noJuni), izihlahla zidinga umanyolo onamaminerali amaminerali. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, umanyolo we-organic akufanele usasetshenziselwa ukugqoka phezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika zidinga i-potassium, ngoba inomthelela ekuvuthweni okusheshayo kwezingxenye ezingenhla zamahlumela.
Ubusika besihlahla se-apula sekholomu
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasekwindla, iziqu zezihlahla zama-apula ezisencane, ezidinga ukugqitshwa kufanele zimbozwe kahle ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngokugawulwa kwezinkuni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa kuphela izinto zokumboza ezomile, futhi kufanele zivikelekeke ekungeneni kwamagundane. Akunakwenzeka ukumboza izitshalo ngotshani. Esimweni lapho umbuthano osondelene umbozwe ngotshani, khona-ke kufanele ususwe ekwindla, ngoba izinduku ezahlukahlukene zimane zilikhonze. Lapho kuvela ikhava leqhwa, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwesisekelo sesiqu somuthi we-apula kube neqhwa.
Izihlahla ze-apula
Ukuthena ngasiphi isikhathi
Akufanele kube namagatsha esihlahleni sangempela se-apula, futhi ngenxa yalokho akudingi umqhele wokuthena izihlahla. Amagatsha asebusweni kuphela asikwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yehlobo noma ngemuva kokuba wonke amahlamvu esewile.
Ungawuthena kanjani umuthi weapula
Enye yemigomo eyinhloko yokuthena isihlahla sama-apula kufanele ikhunjulwe - uma amagatsha amaningi uwagawula, ukukhula kwawo kuba matasa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, usika igatsha libe yingxenye yesi-½, futhi ngasikhathi sinye amehlo amathathu noma ama-4 ahlala kulo. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amahlumela ama-3 noma ama-4 aqinile azokhula kusuka kulamehlo. Uma kwenzeka usike i-1/3 yegatsha, futhi kukhona amehlo angu-7 noma angu-8 kuwo, khona-ke amahlumela angama-7 noma angu-8 azokhula aqhamuka kuwo. Uma izihlahla zenziwa kahle, khona-ke unyaka ngamunye ukukhula komuthi wama-apula kuzolingana namasentimitha ayi-10- 10, kuthi kuqhume izihlumela ezi-2 noma ezi-3
Lapho ugunda amagatsha, ungakhohlwa ukuthi akufanele uthinte umqhubi ophakathi nendawo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njengoba sesilahlekelwe iphuzu lokukhula, umuthi uzoqala ukukhula ngentshiseko amagatsha.
Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, wonke amagatsha aseceleni kufanele anqunywe esihlahleni sonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ukuze kube nama-buds ama-2 kuphela kulowo nalowo kuwo. Eminyakeni engu-2 noma engu-3 elandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlanganyele ekwakhekeni kwezixhumanisi zezithelo ezivela amahlumela amancane. Lezo amahlumela aseceleni angadingeki, kunconywa ukusikwa ngokucophelela ngenkathi kusekuhlaza. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba edutshulweni elinonile kuthatha isikhathi eside.
Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo
Ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap, kufanele kwenziwe izihlahla zokwakha. Ezitshalweni zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kubalulekile ukunciphisa onke amagatsha asebusweni, kuyilapho ama-2 efihlekile kufanele ahlale kuwo. Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kuyenziwa futhi, lapho amagula, amagatsha anqamulelayo, kanye nalabo abathintwe yiqhwa elinamandla ebusika, bayasuswa.
Esihlahleni sonyaka wesibili wokuphila, izihlahla ziyenziwa, zakha izixhumanisi zezithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela ama-2 akhule egatsheni lonyaka odlule, udinga ukunquma lowo otholakala ngokuqondile, kusale ama-buds ayi-2 kuphela kuwo.Umdubulo osendaweni eqondile uzoqala ukuthela izithelo kulo nyaka, futhi kusuka koyilwanyelwayo - kuzovela amahlumela amabili anamandla.
Ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, lawo magatsha athela izithelo ngonyaka owedlule kumele asuswe. Ngamagatsha asele, inqubo efanayo yokuthena kufanele yenziwe njengangonyaka owedlule. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isixhumanisi sezithelo siyakwazi ukusebenza iminyaka engadluli kwemithathu noma eyi-4. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kufanele isikwe indandatho.
Uma kwenzeka kufa iphuzu lokukhula kwe-apical, kunconywa ukunciphisa umqhubi, ngenkathi kusele izinso ezi-2 kuphela. Linda kuze kube yilapho amagatsha e-lateral ephuma kuwo. Kula magatsha, kusale i-1 kuphela, futhi kufanele kube mpo. Leli gatsha lizongena esikhundleni somqhubi. Amagatsha asele e-lateral kumele anqunywe esiqwini (hhayi indandatho), kanti iziqu kufanele zibe nobude obufanayo namagilavu alula.
Ukuthena Autumn
Ekwindla, izihlahla kufanele zenziwe kuphela lapho zidingeka kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka kwezihlahla ze-Apple ezinomumo weKholomu
Ukuze kusatshalaliswe izihlahla zama-apula ezinsika, kusetshenziswa indlela yokuxhunyelelwa kokusikiwe kokuhlukahluka kusiphunzi esisezingeni elifanele. Kodwa-ke, ukuze wenze ngempumelelo inqubo enjalo, isipiliyoni siyadingeka. Ingasakazwa ngembewu, kepha kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi futhi kuthathe umzamo omkhulu. Futhi akuyona yonke izihlahla zama-apula ezikhule kusuka embewini eziyikholamu. Ochwepheshe baluleka ukwandisa isitshalo esinjalo ngokwenziwa komoya. Khetha igatsha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi ubukhulu bawo kufanele kufane nepensela. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukusikwa kwe-cortex okwenziwa minyaka yonke kwenziwa esisekelweni, ububanzi bawo okufanele bube ngu-5 mm. Emva kwalokhu, udinga ukufaka amanzi ku-Heteroauxin bese usonga lokhu kwembesa amahora angama-24. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-peat enomswakama kufanele isetshenziselwe ukunqanda ukuvela, ngenkathi le ndawo imbozwe ngesaka elimnyama le-polyethylene, ilungiswa ukuze umoya ungangeni ngaphansi kwawo. Ungavumeli i-peat ome ngokuphelele. Ekwindla, izimpande kufanele zikhule endaweni yokufiswa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, igatsha lihlukaniswa nesitshalo sabazali futhi litshalwe emhlabathini. Amathuba okuphumelela kokuzalela okunjalo angama-50:50.
Ukutshala izithombo zalolu hlobo lwezihlahla zama-apula akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuzithenga ezindlini ezethembekile, kuyilapho izithombo kufanele zihanjiswe kahle.
Izinambuzane zezihlahla ezingama-apula wekholamu
Ama-aphid aluhlaza okotshani, i-sawfly, umsiki wengilazi, ummbila obomvu, inundu, inundu, iqabunga lephepha, i-copperfish ebonakalayo, i-currant, amapheshana ezithelo nama-subcortical, amabhu wezithelo nezithelo, ama-scoops ahlukahlukene, i-rowan moth, engafakwanga kahle ingahlala kahle ezihlahleni zama-apula ezimise okomhluzi. ama-oak-leaved and ringed silkworms, igazi kanye ne-aphid aphid, i-goose weevil, ibhungane elisentshonalanga elingahlafunwanga, umhubhe, amapayipi endle, kanye nezinye izinambuzane. Lapho ulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, ungasebenzisa ama-insecticides, futhi amabhande okugebha okwenziwe ngephepha elonakalisiwe nawo ayasebenziseka (awazivumeli izinambuzane ukuba zikhuphuke esiqwini).
Izifo zomuthi we-apula ezakhiwe ngokholoni
Izihlahla ezinjalo ze-apula zihlushwa yizifo ezifanayo nezilula. Imvamisa, umuthi we-apula wekholamu uguliswa yizifo ezinjengokuthi: ukwanda, noma umshanelo womthakathi, ukubola kwezithelo okubabayo, i-mosaic, i-mosaicorm, izimpukane ezindizayo, umkhuhlane we-powdery, isicwebezelisi esinamandla, isikhunta esihlasela, umdlavuza ojwayelekile, isibazi, amagatsha afayo, ukubola kwezithelo irabha, ukugqwala, izithelo ezinamandla, amagatsha atholekile, umdlavuza omnyama kanye ne-cytosporosis.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ngezithombe nezincazelo
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo kwenziwa ngaphandle kokukhula kwabo, okungukuthi, bahlukaniswe bakhula ngokuqinile, abade (abade), kanye nobumfishane. Futhi zihlukaniswe ngokwesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo zibe sekwephuzile (ubusika), ukuvuthwa kwamaphakathi (ekwindla) nasekuqalekeni (ehlobo). Ngezansi kunezinhlobo ezihlukaniswe ngezinsuku zokuvuthwa.
Izinhlobo zasehlobo
Ama-apula avuthiwe angavunwa kulezi zitshalo kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJulayi kuze kufike ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaSepthemba. Izithelo ezinjalo zidliwa zintsha noma lapho zilungisa khona ujamu, ujamu, iziphuzo zezithelo, njll. Impilo yeshalofu yama-apula anjalo ifushane.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
I-Medoc
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo ezinemibala emincane zibonakaliswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nesithwathwa, izifo kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ama-apula aphuzi-amhlophe ane-peel thick thick, kanye ne-pulp enomnandi futhi e-granular ngokunambitheka okuhlukile kwezinyosi. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-apula ngalinye linesisindo esingu-100-250 amagremu. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-200 kuya kwangama-250.
Umongameli
Le nhlanganisela eyindilinga emincane yehlukaniswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nesithwathwa, izinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo. Izithelo zinephunga elimnandi kakhulu, zipendwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi noma ophuzi obuluhlaza, kwezinye izikhathi ifomu elincane elifiphele eliluhlaza kubo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-apula anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-150 no-200 amagremu. I-pulp eyenziwe kahle ibunjiwe futhi inomusa.
IVasyugan
Le nhlobonhlobo ekhiqizayo ayamelana nesithwathwa, izinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo. Isimo sezithelo ezinamaphethelo abomvu ngokunamakha sithambile, ukunambitheka kwenyama kunoshukela-kumnandi, futhi futhi kunamaphuzu we-hypodermic ahlukile. I-pulp-anemibala e-Cream ihlukaniswa ngobuthakathaka bayo nobuchopho. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sezithelo singu-140-200 amagremu.
Inkhulumomphendvulwano
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ziphawuleka ngokukhiqiza nokumelana nesithwathwa, izinambuzane nezifo. Ama-apula aphuzi agudliwe awakhuli kakhulu, kepha anejusi impela. Isimo sama-apula isicaba.
Ostankino
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nendawo zimelana nezinambuzane nezifo eziyingozi. Izithelo ezimuncu ezinomuncu omuncu zinombala oluhlaza okhanyayo onesibhakabhaka esinobumba obufiphele, obomvana. Ama-apula ama-Juicy angaba nesisindo kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-220 amagremu.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu nangabalimi njengalezi: Chervonets, Luch, Ideal, Raika, Flamingo, Gala, Cheremosh, Iksha, Green Noise, njll.
Izinhlobo ze-Autumn
Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezitshalweni zezinhlobo ezinjengalezi kwenzeka kuyo yonke inkathi ekwindla. Kudliwa okusha noma kwenziwe kubo amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene ebusika. Ama-apula anjalo agcinwa isikhathi esifushane (esiphezulu kuze kube nguJanuwari). Izinhlobo ezidumile:
Malyukha
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane ezinjalo kungenye yalezo ezinambitheka okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuma okuhlanganisiwe kwama-apula ohlobo lwe-dessert kukhulu. Zipendwe ngombala ophuzi we-orange noma ophuzi futhi zinesisindo kusuka kumagremu ayi-150 kuye kwangama-250. Ikhasi elicwebezelayo elinamandla licinene, kanti inyama ephuzi nenephunga elimile kahle. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zivuna kakhulu futhi zikhula ngokushesha.
Gin
Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza nokumelana nesithwathwa. Izithelo ezibomvu ezenziwe ngeMgqibelo zingaba nesisindo esingu-80-200 amagremu. Inyama emnandi futhi emuncu inzima futhi inejusi. Ama-apula angaqhubeka kuze kube uJanuwari.
Ukunqoba
Izinhlobonhlobo zeSrednerosly. Ama-apula anombala obomvu omnyama obomvu futhi kukhona okuthe gqwa gqwa ngemibala ebusweni bawo. Ikhasi elicwebezelayo liminyene impela. Inyama yekrisimu emhlophe qhwa iqoshwe kahle. Ine-dessert ukunambitheka okumnandi nge-acidity encane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-apula anesisindo esingu-100-150 amagremu.
I-Arbat
Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nesithwathwa, izinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo. Izithelo uvuthwe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba noma owokuqala - ngoNovemba. Ama-apula aqediwe umbala wombala oswelayo asayizi aphakathi anomzimba omuncu omnandi noshukela. Isisindo esivamile sezithelo sisukela ku-100 kuya ku-120 amagremu.
Iezenu
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamandla ezinjalo zilwa nesibazi futhi ziqinile ebusika. Phezu kwama-apula aphuzi kukhona ukuthinta okubomvu. Isisindo esivamile sezithelo ngama-gramu ayi-150. Inyama ebunjiwe kahle, eminyene, eluhlaza okotshani inokunambitheka okumuncu. Ukunambitha kuphakeme.
Izinhlobo ezinjenge-Idol, iLadoga, iTitania, iTelimon, iMelba, njll nazo zithandwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zasebusika
Ama-apula avuthiwe alezi zinhlobo avela maphakathi nesikhathi sekwindla. Bangaphikelela kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ziyathandwa:
Umgexo we-Amber (Amber)
Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nendawo zivezwa ngokukhiqiza nokumelana nesithwathwa. Ama-apula amakhulu aphuzi ngokuhlaza aphuzi anomhlophe. Inyama ebunjiwe kahle, enamakha inoshukela futhi imuncu.
Imali
Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-Srednerosly, zibonakaliswa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ukumelana nesithwathwa nesibazi. Izithelo zikhulu (isisindo esingama-gramu ayi-200) zinombala ophuzi ophuzi nomgqomo obomvu. Isiphundu esimhlophe seqhwa esimhlophe sinephunga elimnandi.
Umgexo waseMoscow
Ukuhlukahluka okunjalo okungenamikhono kubonakaliswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nesithwathwa, izinambuzane eziyingozi nezifo. Izithelo zibomvu impela zimnyama. Ikhasi liminyene. I-pulp emnandi, ene-juicy ine-sourity kancane. Ngokwesilinganiso, ama-apula anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-170.
Bolero
Izithelo zikhulu futhi isisindo sazo esingama-gramu ayi-200. Inyama emhlophe enzima inejusi.
Yesenia
Iyamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa nesibanda. Phezu kwama-apula amakhulu (isilinganiso esisindo sama-gramu ayi-170) kukhona ukugoqa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zithandwa kakhulu njenge: Constellation, Snow White, Senator, Trident, Victoria, Barguzin, Garland, White Eagle, Sparkle, Peasant, njll.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla zama-apula zesifunda saseMoscow
Esifundeni saseMoscow, izihlahla zama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjengalezi: iMoses Necklace, iVasyugan, iCurrency neMalyukha zizozizwa zihamba phambili.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla zama-apula eSiberia
Lapha, izinhlobo ezingamelana neqhwa elinzima (kufika ku-40 degrees) zilungile. Lokhu kufaka i-Iksha, iBarguzin, iPeasant noMongameli. Kulokhu, izinhlobonhlobo zeVasyugan zingakwazi ukubekezelela iqhwa kuze kufike ku-42 degrees. Zilungele ukutshalwa e-Urals, eSiberia, e-Far East kanye nasesifundeni saseMoscow.
