Umuthi weWalnut wase-Australia, owaziwa ngokuthi iMacadamia, ukhula ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu ye-Australia, ubusika buthambile, bunomswakama kanye nehlobo elishisayo. Amantongomane aseMacadamia ayathandwa, ayaziswa futhi abhekwa njengodlame emhlabeni wonke, futhi ubunzima bokuvuna okwenziwe ngesandla benzile iMacadamia ibe yinadi ebiza kakhulu emhlabeni.
IMacadamia yaqala wachazwa ngudokotela wezitshalo waseJalimane uFerdinand von Muller, futhi wamqamba ngusokhemisi wase-Australia uJohn Macadam. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, i- nati ibibizwa ngokuhlukile: i-mullimbimbi, i-boomer, enomusa. Njengamanje, emhlabeni wonke, igama "Macadamia" linikezwe isitshalo nezithelo zalo.
Macadamia (Macadamia), noma i-nati yase-Australia, noma i-Kindal - uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni wama-Proteaceae (I-Proteaceae).
Macadamia Walnut. © Ihlathi & i-Kim StarrIncazelo yeMacadamia
Izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ze-macadamia zikhula ngamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 ukuphakama ngomqhele obanzi. Lesi sihlahla esiqabayo siveza imbewu enothile enamafutha enamakhonkolo aqinile. Imbewu ebizwa ngokuthi ama-macadamia nati Amantongomane aseMacadamia anokhilimu omuncu, ukunambitheka okuncane okumnandi nokuthungwa okubucayi. Amantongomane avame ukuvuthwa phakathi kukaMashi noSepthemba, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izithelo ziyavela unyaka nonyaka.
Ama-pollinator wemvelo ama-macadamia ayizinyosi, ezingagcini ngokubhekana nalo msebenzi ngokuphelele, kodwa futhi zenza noju olunephunga elimnandi kusuka kumpova kanye nompe.
Izimbali zeMacadamia zincane, ziluhlaza okomhlophe noma zipinki, ziqhakaza kukhula olude lwe-inflorescence olufana nendlebe noma indlebe. Kubo kuvela iphunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Amantongomane wesitshalo esicishe sibe yipulani eyindilinga, evame ukuba yi-1.5-2 cm ububanzi, ambozwe ngegobolondo lesikhumba elinombala oluhlaza okotshani obunzima, onobunzima obukhulu, obunobumba obungaqhekeki kahle egobolondweni.
Izinhlobo zeMacadamia
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ze-macadamia, ezinhlanu zazo ezikhula kuphela e-Australia. Izinhlobo ezintathu zazo zitshalwa: Macadamia integratedifolia, Macadamia ternifolia, neMacadamia tetraphylla. Futhi izidalwa ezimbili kuphela (iMacadamia merifolia ne-Macadamia tetraphylla) ezingadliwa ziluhlaza. Amahlathi eMacadamia ase-Australia, California, Brazil, South Africa naseHawaii.
Isihlahla seMacadamia - umsoco wase-Australia, noma onomusa (iMacadamia).
Izimo ezikhulayo zeMacadamia
Isimo sezulu esifanelekayo sokukhula kwe-macadamia yisimo sezulu sama-subtropics, futhi kubusika obufudumele (obungenazithwathwa), okunemvula engama-200 - 250 cm ngonyaka. Izihlahla zingatshalwa ezindaweni ezinemvula ephansi, kepha zizodinga ukunisela okwengeziwe.
Lezi zihlahla ezingaziwa nazo zingatshalwa engadini yasebusika yasekhaya, lapho izinga lokushisa lasebusika lingalehli ngaphansi kuka +3 degrees Celsius.
Izihlahla ze-walad Macadamia azikubekezeleli ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-0 Celsius, imvamisa kakhulu ilinyazwa. Izimo ezikahle zokukhula ziyizinga lokushisa lika-20 ... 25 ° C. Izihlahla zeMacadamia zithanda izindawo ezivikelwe umoya. Zidinga ukutshalwa ezindaweni ezinelanga, yize umthunzi ngokwengxenye nawo ufanelekile.
IMacadamia ithanda inhlabathi enamadwala noma enesihlabathi, kodwa futhi ikhula emhlabathini wobumba olukhanyayo, lapho kunamanzi anele. Uhla lwe-pH (acidity) lomhlaba luphakathi kuka-5.5 no-6.5.
Lapho utshala isihlahla se-macadamia, udinga umgodi umgodi obanzi kabili futhi ujule kunosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande. Lapho utshala isihlahla emgodini, kudingeka ukhumbule ukuthi awukwazi ukujulisa intamo yezimpande zesitshalo ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi.
Izithelo ze-macadamia noma i-walnut yase-Australia.
Ukusakazeka kwe-macadamia
IMacadamia isatshalaliswa ngembewu nokuxhunyelelwa. Imbewu imila ekushiseni okungu-+ 25 ° C, izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engama-8 kuya kwengu-12. Ngenhloso yokuthengisa, izihlahla zisakazeka ngokuxhunyelelwa, njengoba ziqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisikhombisa ngemuva kokutshala. Umuthi omdala we-macadamia ukhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu ayikhulu wamantongomane ngonyaka iminyaka engama-40 kuye kwengama-50.
