IBegonia yisitshalo esihle, isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa izingadi, amapaki, amabala, bathande ukuyikhulisa ekhaya. Le mbali ingeyomndeni omkhulu weBergonia. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezingama-900 ezitholakala endle, kanti amasampula angaba ngu-2 000 ezifuywayo ezihlanganisiwe. Isitshalo sathola igama laso sibonga kuMichel Begon, owachaza ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Njengesimbali esihlobisa, i-begonia yaqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-100.
Umlando weBegonia
UMichel Begon umchaze kuma-Antilles. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, bachaza ukubhebhana okuhlala njalo okuqhakaza okuvela eBrazil, bese kuba ngu-begonia wasebukhosini waseHindustan Peninsula, kanye ne-tuberals yaseNingizimu Melika. Basebenza njengesisekelo sokuvela kwezinhlobo zesimanje. Ekuqaleni ububanzi bayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa - kwakuyimbali egcina ukushisa kuphela, khona-ke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezazikwazi ukubekezelela ubuhle besimo sezulu zavela.
Emhlabeni wonke namhlanje kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela ezingama-hybrid nezinhlobonhlobo zalesi siko.
Ngokuya ngezimfanelo zokuhlobisa, wonke ama-begonias ahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
- Ukuqhakaza kuqhakaza.
- Amahlamvu okuhlobisa.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu, i-tubonia begonia ivelele. Izimbali zakhe zinobuhle obuqhakazile nokugqamile, futhi lokhu kuhlangene nokuzithoba ekunakekelweni.
Emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sithanda isimo sezulu esomile esinomswakama wethropiki nezindawo eziphansi. Ukhetha izindawo ezinomthunzi, kepha angatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4000 ngaphezulu kolwandle, ezintabeni nasemithambekeni eyomile.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zezimbali
IBegonia ingaba yisitshalo esincane se-herbaceous, esingadluli ku-3 cm, futhi futhi nezihlahla ezinde impela. Ezinye izinhlobo azinaso isiqu, kanti ezinye zineqabunga elilodwa. Amaqabunga anemibala ehlukene eluhlaza okotshani, uhlangothi oluhlukile lolo icacile noma ibunjiwe futhi inamabala. Izimbali zikhanya ngemibala ehlukahlukene efudumele.
I-Begonia iqhakaza kakhulu futhi ngokukhazimulayo. Izimbali zakhe zikanokusho zinjengamaroses, camellias, daffodils, carnation. Izimbali ezinhle zikanokusho zihlobisa ingadi ehlobo kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuya kuSepthemba. Uma isitshalo sisendlini, khona-ke isikhathi sokuqhakaza siyanda - ukuqhakaza kwe-begonia kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ungayinakekela kanjani i-begonia ekhaya?
Begonia Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, isithombe
I-Begonias etshalwe ekhaya, kuya ngokunakekelwa, ingaqhakaza zombili ngenkathi efudumele nasebusika. Izinhlobo ezihlotshisa umhlobiso zihlukaniswa ubuhle bezimbali ezakhiwe, kanti izinhlobo zokuhlobisa-ezihlukayo zihlukaniswa ngemibala yazo emangalisayo nokubukeka kwamaqabunga, zine-pubescence, kanti nezimbali ezivelayo azinalo inani lokuhlobisa. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa izimo ezivela kuwo womabili amaqembu.
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Isitshalo sasendlini uncamela ukukhula ngokukhanyayo. Okudinga kakhulu amasampula ezimbali. Kodwa-ke, ekushiseni impela, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikezwe umthunzi elangeni elisebenzayo, ngoba ngokwenza lokhu, ukushiswa kungavinjelwa. Izinhlobo zomhlobiso nezinamaqabunga zidinga ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe, imbali kufanele ibekwe efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga.
Imbali ye-begonia ithanda ukufudumala, ezinyangeni ezifudumele kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomoya ngamazinga angama-22, ebusika umoya kufanele ufudumale okungenani ngama-15-18 degrees.
Umswakama, ukuchelela nokugqoka okuphezulu
Ukunakekela imbali yegumbi kusho ukwakhiwa kwe-microclimate ethile. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sishisa kakhulu, sidinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha ochwepheshe abakuncomi ukufafazwa. Kusukela ukungena emaqabungeni, amanzi athukuthelisa ukuvela kwamabala ansundu. Ukwandisa umswakama, ukudala i-begonia microclimate efiselekayo, isakhiwo esilandelayo kufanele sakhiwe. Beka imbali emgqonyeni ofakwe kuwo, obekwe esitsheni esikhudlwana, isikhala esisele gcwalisa ngobumba olwandisiwe. Njalo qaphela umswakama wayo, ozohlinzeka umswakama odingekayo ezizungeze i-begonia.
Ehlobo, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlela isiphuzo esiningi sesitshalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukuzuma kwamanzi epanini noma embizeni uqobo. Iniselwa ngamanzi ahleliwe lapho u-1.5 cm we-coma yobumba usuvele womile kusuka kokuphuza kwangaphambilini. Ebusika, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa. Izinhlobo ze-Tuberous aziniselwa nhlobo ebusika, ngoba zinesikhathi sokulala, zibekwe ku-peat.
Ngemuva kokuba kuqhakaze imbali yangaphakathi ye-begonia, ukugqoka phezulu kufanele kwenziwe. Umanyolo usetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ezinamaqabunga zondliwa nge-nitrogen, ethinta ukukhula kwamaqabunga. Izimbali zokuhlobisa eziqhakaza umquba ngomanyolo, eziqukethe lesi sakhi, aziniselwa, njengoba zinjalo yehlisa ukuqhakaza.
Ukufakwa kwezimbali kweBegonia
Inhlabathi yezimbali zasendlini ithengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma yenziwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga:
- Phansi ebhodweni, beka umsele wesihlabathi esivamile.
- Mboza uhhafu wembiza ngenhlabathi enamahlamvu.
- Faka inhlanganisela eyodwa peat ne-chernozem.
Inhlabathi kufanele ilungiswe kahle, ngoba lokhu kuzothinta ukukhula kanye nempilo ye-begonia.
Ukunakekelwa kweBegonia kwenziwa ngokufakelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kwenziwa lapho kunesidingo. Uma izimpande zinamathela ngaphandle komgodi wokudonsa, khona-ke isikhathi sokufakelwa ethangini elikhudlwana. Isitshalo siyatshalwa, imvamisa entwasahlobo. I-Begonia kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela ebhodweni, izimpande zihlanzwe emhlabathini bese zifakwa kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kokuhlanzwa kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezimpandeni, izingxenye zazo ezifile ziyanqunywa.
Ukuzala
Begonia ngaphakathi ikhiqizwe ngezindlela ezintathu, okungukuthi:
- Ama-cut cut
- Isiqu
- Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-begonia lunezimpawu zalo zokuzala, ngakho-ke kudingeka ubhekane nabo, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo ngeke sithome. Isibonelo, inhlobo yohlobo lwebhubhu isebenzisa imbewu nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukusakazeka.
Ukufakelwa kanye nokuzala lolu hlobo lwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ekwindla, nezilimo eziyizigaxa zidonswa emhlabathini.
- Sika amaqabunga.
- Isula izimpande zokwehla komhlaba.
- Faka i-tuber ku-peat ukuze ingoma.
- Izinga lokushisa ligcinwa cishe ngamadigri ayi-10.
Uhlobo lwe-begonia e-begonia ngemuva kokufakelwa luzoqala ukukhula kahle uma le nqubo yenziwa kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuMeyi.
Kuzovela ihlumela kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, uma zihlwanyelwa ebhodweni eligcwele umhlaba nesihlabathi, amanzi kufanele aniselwe ngokulinganayo. Imbewu ikhula kancane, amahlumela nezimpande ezivele zizokutshela ngenqubo eseqalile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Imvamisa eyeqile yomswakama ihlushwa yisifo sokukhunta - i-powdery hlobo. Ukuvikela ukukhula kwesifo ngesikhathi, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela umnyombo wesihlahla namaqabunga aphansi. Yilezi zingxenye zesitshalo kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi ubole kanye ne-powdery isikhutha. Uma uthola le nkinga, kufanele wehlise ngokushesha ukuthambisa futhi ususe izindawo ezithintekile zesitshalo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukhunta ukuthi lungabhebhetheki kuso sonke isitshalo.
Izivakashi ezivame kakhulu ezingamenyiwe zama-begonias ama-aphid kanye nezindawo ezibunjiwe ezibomvu. Ukususa ama-parasites, kufanele uphulule amahlamvu ngesixazululo sezinambuzane: Karbofos, Fitoferm noma Intavir. Ngemuva kokubulawa okunjalo, kubekwa isikhwama esitshalweni esingavumeli ukuba umoya udabule, lesi sitshalo kumele sibe lapho ukuqinisa umphumela. Ukubonakala kwezinambuzane, njengomthetho, kuvela ekunakekelweni okwanele noma okungafanele. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza konke kahle, khona-ke izinambuzane ze-begonia yakho azinandaba.
Kanjalo begonia imbali yasekhaya ebongayouma isitshalo sinakekelwa kahle. Uma ukhula izinhlobo zokuhlobisa neziyinqobayo, lapho-ke ungadala amakhona aluhlaza lapho ubuhle bamaqabunga e-begonia buzobonakala khona ngokugcwele. Futhi amasampula amaningi aqhakaza izimbali azokulethela ukugqama empilweni yakho futhi akunikeze imizuzu eminingi emnandi.
