I-Saintpaulia (Uzambara violet)

Emvelweni, lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lungatholakala eduze kwemifudlana, kanye eduze naseziphepheni zamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Ngo-1892, uBaron Walter von Saint-Paul waqala wabona ukuqhuma kwezintaba zase-Uzambara eTanzania, ngemuva kwalokho wachaza kabanzi ngale mbali. Ngenxa yalokho, yathola igama le-Saintpaulia ukuhlonipha i-baron futhi, ngemuva kwesikhashana, yaboniswa embukisweni wezimbali zomhlaba, futhi yakwazi ukuheha ukunakwa kwabatshali bezimbali.

Iminyaka eminingi, abafuyi abavela emazweni amaningi babezibandakanya kuyo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-senpolia zafuywa. I-Uzambar violet ngeke ishiye noma ngubani ongenandaba ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nenkathi yezimbali ende.

Phakathi kokunye, kwanele ukunakekela i-senpolia, kepha i-violet iqhakaza unyaka wonke. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuthatha isikhala esincane kakhulu futhi kufasitela ungabeka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-warts, bese kuthi ngemuva kokusika usiki lwenhlamvu, ungatshala izitshalo eziningana ezizothola izimbali ezinemibala ehlukene.

Ukunakekelwa kweSenpolia ekhaya

Isibani

I-Saintpaulia ithanda izindawo lapho kunokukhanya okuningi, kepha lapho ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungafinyeleli khona. Amafasitela asentshonalanga nasempumalanga asezingeni elifanele, kepha efasiteleni eliseningizimu kungcono ukuyigcina ebusika. Uma ifulethi linamafasitela aseningizimu kuphela, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela izitshalo ekushisweni yimisebe yelanga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungasebenzisa itafula eliseceleni ukungasigcini isitshalo ngqo efasiteleni.

Imodi yokushisa

Isitshalo esincane sikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa angama- + 23 ° С-25 ° С, futhi kwisitshalo esidala lesi sikhombi sincishiswe saba ngu + 20-24 ° С. Into esemqoka ukuthi amazinga okushisa emini nobusuku acishe afinyelela ezingeni elifanayo, futhi umehluko wawo ungaphansi kwamadigri ambalwa. Izinguquko ezinkulu ekushiseni, kanye nakuhlaka, ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-senpole.

Umswakama womoya

I-Saintpaulia ithanda umswakama ophezulu, kepha futhi izizwa imnandi emoyeni owomile. Akunconywa ukufafaza i-violet, kepha thatha ezinye izinyathelo zokwandisa umswakama - lokhu kwamukelekile.

Ukunisela

Amanzi kampompi achaziwe alungele ukuchelela, kepha ungawunisela ngemvula bese uncibilika uma kungekho zinkinga zemvelo. Kunoma ikuphi, amanzi kufanele ame. Lapho unisela, udinga ukulawula ukuze umswakama ungangeni ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuphumula kanye naseqabunga. Ngamanye amagama, kufanele iniselwe ngaphansi kwempande. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele ngaphandle, khona-ke ukuthambisa kungangezelwa, uma kuba kubanda kakhulu, khona-ke ukuthambisa kungancishiswa. Isibonakaliso esihle kakhulu sokunisela okungamandla kungaba ngamaqabunga awo. Uma amaqabunga edobekile futhi enamanzi, khona-ke ukuthambisa kungaphansi kwemikhawulo ejwayelekile, futhi uma amaqabunga eqala ukuwa, futhi abe nesivila lapho kuthintwa, khona-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kwandiswe. Lapho umhlaba womile, kufa izimpande ezondile ezifaka umswakama ngenkuthalo. Ngokufaka amanzi kwenhlabathi, ukubola kohlelo lwezimpande kungenzeka. Imvamisa kwenzeka lapho i-violet itshalwa ebhodweni eliningi. Ukuvikela isitshalo ezifweni zokukhunta, cishe kanye ngenyanga lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate.

Inhlabathi ye-saintpaulia

Emhlabathini we-violets, kudingelwa izidingo ezithile, ukuze umoya-mpilo ufinyelele kahle ezimpandeni ze-violets.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi kumele ivulwe, ngenkathi igcina umswakama kahle. Ukwakheka kwengxube yokutshala kufaka lezi zinto ezilandelayo: umhlabathi we-turfy, umhlanga wamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-moss-sphagnum. Umtshali ngamunye we-amateur angaba neresiphi yakhe futhi, ngokweqiniso, ehamba phambili.

Ngenye indlela, ungathenga ingxube yokutshala eqediwe esitolo sezimbali bese ufaka i-perlite, i-moss-sphagnum noma i-substrate khukhunathi kuyo.

Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa umhlaba kusuka emahlathini e-coniffort, unezela inani elincane lomhlaba onamaqabunga kuwo.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Saintpaulia

Lesi akusona isitshalo esikhulu, ngakho-ke sikhulelwe emabhodweni amakhulu. Ukuze i-violet iqhubeke ikhule ngokujwayelekile, kufanele idluliselwe ebhodweni elikhudlwana. Ama-Violets nawo anezimpande ezibucayi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela ukufakelwa esikhundleni somhlaba ngokuphelele. Uma ukukhula kwe-violet kuqala ukwehla, kufanele kudluliselwe ngokushesha kufakwe ebhodweni elikhudlwana. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidluliselwa nje kwesinye isitsha, emva kwalokho inani lomhlaba elidingekayo lifakwe esitsheni.

Ukufakwa kwesitshalo esiphuthumayo kuzodingeka ezimweni lapho izimpande zibolile noma kuhlanganiswe nethamo lomanyolo.

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ekukhuleni okuhle kwe-senpolia, ububanzi bebhodwe kufanele bube buncane kathathu kunobubanzi bokuphuma. Njengomthetho, ama-violets akhule ezimbizeni ezinobubanzi be-10-13 cm kanye nokuphakama okungama-10 cm. Embizeni ezinobukhulu, i-violet inamaqabunga amakhulu nezimbali. Kumabhodwe amakhulu amakhulu, i-senpolia ingaqhakaza.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ngemuva kokufakelwa, cishe inyanga nesigamu kamuva aqala ukufaka umanyolo isitshalo esidala. Kulokhu, umanyolo kufanele usetshenziselwe izitshalo eziqhakazayo, ezingathengwa ezitolo zezimbali. Lo msebenzi kufanele wenziwe njalo, ngoba ama-violets angaqhakaza unyaka wonke. Abathandi abaningi bama-violets ababazifaki umquba, futhi njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha bazifaka emabhodweni amasha, enobukhulu obuncane ngokwedlula obedlule (endaweni ethile, ngo-1-2 cm).

Ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo

Emva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqabunga aphansi aqala ukufela ku-violet bese alahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwawo, nokuqhakaza kwawo kube kungathandeki kangako. Ukuze uvuselele isitshalo, phezulu sinqunywa kulo, izithombo zisikwa ngesikhuthazi sokukhula kwezimpande, emva kwalokho sitshalwe endaweni esemusha. Yonke imbali isele ebhodweni futhi emva kwesikhashana, embizeni, kuzovela ama-stepons, elungele ukuqothulwa.

Ukusakazeka Kodlame

Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngezindlela eziningana: ngokusika kwe-mizizi, ama-stepons, ama-peduncle. Ukusika kuthathwa emaqabungeni, kukhethwe izitshalo ezinempilo. Udinga ukuthatha ummese obukhali noma i-blade bese usika amacembe aseceleni kwemigwaqo ukuze kube khona indawo engaphezulu yokubamba imbanga. Ubude besibambo bungaba phakathi kwe-3-5cm. Indawo yokusikwa ifafazwa nge-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza, yafakwa esitsheni samanzi. Amanzi abilisiwe futhi apholile ngaphambi kwalokhu, futhi ngaphambi kokufaka ukusikeka, ithebhulethi lekhabhoni esebenze kabusha liphonswa emanzini. Ngemuva kwesonto nesigamu, izimpande ziyavela esiqwini.

Kamuva, izithombo zisitshalwa ezinkomishini zepulasitiki, lapho izimbobo zenziwa ngaphansi bese kufakwa amagwebu (ngokufaka amanzi). Kwenye indawo uhhafu wengilazi ugcwele umhlaba we-coniferous noma i-subodate ejwayelekile yomhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi. Izimbambo ezinezimpande ezakhiwe kabusha zitshalwa zijule cishe ngo-1.5 cm, emva kwalokho zimbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki. Ungase futhi usimboze nganoma yisiphi isitsha esibonakalayo.

Izimbumbulu zingatshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi zingalindi ukuthi izimpande zivele emanzini.

Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sizokhula kancane kancane futhi, endaweni ethile, ngenyanga, kungavela amaqabunga amancane. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezitshalo ezincane, zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-warts azikwazi ukusatshalaliswa ukusikwa kwamaqabunga, ngoba ngeke zifane nezihlobo zazo. Ukuze ama-violets ngemuva kokusakazwa afane, asakazwa ngezinyawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izimbali zezimbali eziqine kakhulu futhi unempilo kakhulu, uzisike uzihlelele ngezibuko, njengokusika. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esithile, kuzovela amapheshana amancane emacembe amaqabunga amancane. Zinkcenkceshelwa okungaphansi kokusikwa kwamahlamvu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zeSantapaulia zinezinqubo ezilandelwayo ezibizwa ngabazali bokutholwa. Ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi sibe nokubukeka okuhlobisa, ama-stepons ayasuswa futhi izimpande ngendlela efanayo nokusikwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo zama-warts azinazinyathelo, kepha zingatholakala ngokususa iphuzu lokukhula. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, amahlumela asemaceleni azovela emacabangeni amaqabunga akhula. Lapho esefinyelele osayizi abacishe babe ngu-3 cm, ayasikwa futhi atshalwe endaweni esemhlabeni yobumba.

Ama-violets akhulayo angenye yemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu yibo bobabili abalimi abangama-amateur kanye nabomama bendlini abajwayelekile. Ukuhluka kwabo kulele ekutheni bathatha isikhala esincane kumawindows, okusho ukuthi ungakhula izinhlobo eziningana zalesi sitshalo esimangalisayo ngasikhathi sinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azithobeki, futhi azidingi isikhathi esiningi sokusuka kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukusakaza futhi empeleni bonke abathandi babahle baye balwazi lobu buchwepheshe. Uyathandwa ngoba uthokozisa abanye unyaka wonke, kuyilapho ubona izibonisi ezinemibala engafani nenye. Ku-windows eyodwa sill kuzoba nenqwaba yazo, futhi ngokungangabazeki lokhu kuhlobisa ikhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibukeka zinhle ngokwakhiwa okulengisiwe, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zemibala emihle efanayo.

Izinhlobo ze-Saintpaulia ezinezithombe namagama

I-Saintpaulia mnyama (i-Saintpaulia confusa)

Isitshalo esinohlanga oluqonde kahle esifinyelela ku-10 cm. Izimbali zimbala onsomi, zinamabala aphuzi, aqoqwe ngamabhulashi amane.

I-Saintpaulia violet, noma i-Saintpaulia violet (i-Saintpaulia ionantha)

Emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezimbala umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha umbala wezilimo ezitshaliwe ungahluka kakhulu: mhlophe, upinki, ubomvu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nobomvu. Amacembe aluhlaza ngaphezulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi.

I-Saintpaulia magungensis

Isitshalo esinezihlahla ezinamagatsha anamanzi afinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama futhi sishiya sinobubanzi obungu-6 cm onemiphetho ye-wavy. Izimbali zingububende, ziqoqwe kabili noma kane.