I-Indoor violets: ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya

I-Saintpaulia noma i-violet ithatha ukuziqhenya kwendawo emafasiteleni. Kukhona ngisho neklabhu yabatshali bezimbali ze-amateur abazalanisa lezi zidalwa ezithandekayo. Akhula amasampula we-hybrid, ahlele imibukiso lapho abelana khona ngolwazi lwawo lokunakekela lesi sitshalo ekhaya. Uhlobo olulodwa lunezinkulungwane zezinhlobo ezibhalisiwe futhi ezisazaliswayo.

Incazelo yama-violets

Ama-Indoor violets angenye yezimbali ezithanda kakhulu zasendlini zabatshali bezitshalo abaningi. Ngenxa yemibala ehlukahlukene nokunakekelwa okulula kokunakekelwa, lezi zimbali ithandwa kakhulu.

Ngokusho kwencazelo, ama-violets angaphakathi afana komunye nomunye, noma kunjalo, kunokwehluka okuningana. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kuphathelene nemithunzi ye-inflorescence kanye nokwakheka kwamaqabunga. Isitshalo irosette yamaqabunga, isiqu esimaphakathi esilahlekile.

Izimbali ezincane zakha phakathi, ukuma kwazo kungaba lula noma kube okungaxakile. Umbala wezinsimbi namaqabunga uhlukile. Isokisi sesimo sitholakala kusuka kokulula kuya kokuthry kakhulu.

Lezi zitshalo ze-lace zingahlobisa hhayi kuphela ama-sill e-windows, ungakha ukwakheka kwazo bese uzifaka epulofini ekhishini noma eshalofini. Uma ulandela imithetho yokunakekelwa, i-violet izokuhlobisa ikhaya elinesizotha kakhulu.

1. I-Wittrock Indoor Hybrid Violet. Izimbali zikhulu, zinobubanzi obungu-4 kuya ku-12 cm, zodwa, zakhiwe emaxeleni amaqabunga. I-Corolla 5-petal, yonke inhlobo yemibala, ukusuka kokumhlophe okumsulwa kuya kumnyama namalahle, ethafeni noma ngemivimbo nemibala yemibala ehlukahlukene nosayizi. Ama-petals angaba isicaba, aboshwe ngogobongo noma anemiphetho ye-wavy.
2. IVietts Hemalis-ubusika (i-Hiemalis) enobubanzi bezimbali obungu-4,5-5,5 cm yabhaliswa ngo-1916, iqine ebusika, ngokunqhakaza kwezimbali okuqala nokude. Hlukanisa emithini ebunjiwe nezimbali eziqhakazile.
3. I-golden yellow violet Helios.
4. UViolet Mars (i-Mars) uphondo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye “name” amnyama.
5. Izinhlobo ze-violets "i-Nordpol" (North Pole) - ngezimbali ezimhlophe ezingcolile kanye nembewu emhlophe.
6. "IJupita" (iJupita) - enamaphara aphezulu ansomi namhlophe.
7. I-Rococo violets (Rococo) - izitshalo ezinezimbali eziqhakazile, ezimibalabala ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-5.5 namaphalishi agcwele kakhulu umzimba. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokubukeka okuvamile, okungajwayelekile, kepha, ngeshwa, eRussia, ukubumbana kwamaphalishi akuvamile.
8. "I-Flamenco F1" (Flamenco Fj) - izinhlobonhlobo zinamaphara abomvu-owolintshi ngebala elimnyama ophuzi nendawo yokufafaza phakathi nendawo.
9. "I-Tiger's Eye" (iTigereye) - ehlukahlukene ngombala omangalisayo - onsundu ophuzi, onamabala amancane amnyama enkabeni futhi abopha wonke amacembe.
10. UViolet "Cardinal" (Cardinal) - onombali obomvu omnyama kanye "neso" elimnyama.

Nakekela ama-violets ekhaya

Uma ufuna ukubeka i-violet endlini, kuzodingeka wazi ngokuthandwa kwayo bese uyilandela. Kunemithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekela lezi zimbali ekhaya:

• Isitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
• Lobuhle budinga i-substrate enomswakama, kepha ayikubekezeleli ukunganyakazi kwamanzi.
• Ukudlula komoya omswakama, kanye nokufafazwa kwamaqabunga, kuzomlimaza. Isitshalo sihlanza uthuli kuphela uma sishawa, kodwa kufanele senziwe ngomile ngaphandle kokugcotshwa kwamaconsi.
• Sebenzisa kuphela amanzi afudumele, agcinwe kahle okunisela. Indlela efanelekayo yokunisela lesi sitshalo esimnandi ingukuswakama okulinganiselayo kwenhlabathi ngephallet.
• Okusalungiswa kusuka kuqabunga lewindi nasemoyeni ofudumele womthandi akamthandayo.
• Akakubekezeleli ukuntuleka kothando nokuzola endlini, kanye nesimo sengqondo sokunganaki kuye.

Uma ungakashiyi isifiso sokuxazulula i-violet ekhaya lakho, bese ulungela ukwamukela ilungu lomndeni elisha.

Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yegumbi le-violets

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuqala ngokulungiselela i-substrate kanye nomthamo. UViolet udinga i-acidic substrate, okubandakanya izakhi ezilandelayo:

• i-peat - izingxenye ezi-3;
• umhlaba wamashidi - izingxenye ezi-5;
• isihlabathi somfula coarse - ingxenye eyi-1;
• i-sphagnum moss eyomile kanye namalahle kufanele enze i-10% yesisindo esiphelele sezingxenye eziphambili.

Ochwepheshe bezimbali abanolwazi batusa thela Peat nge-perlite noma i-vermiculite, njengoba zisiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabeni okhanya kanjalo. Ukwakheka okumpofu kudinga umsoco owengeziwe.

Ebusika, kanye ngonyaka, kufakwa ikhambi le-humate, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-sekwindla bayondliwa umanyolo wamaminerali owuketshezi se-senpolia. Into esemqoka ongadingi ukuyenza ukuphuza ngokweqile. Musa ngokweqile, inhlabathi kumele ibe sesimweni sokuncipha.

Dlulisa iziqukathi

Ekunakekelweni kwama-violets angaphakathi, yonke imininingwane ibalulekile. Ukuze i-substrate ingekho omuncu futhi ingonakalisi izimpande zesitshalo, ayidingi okuningi. Isibonelo, ngokwesiko labadala inkomishi eyanele, ukuphakama nobubanzi bawo kungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yingxenye egcwele amanzi.

Khumbula ukuthi iqhuma liqhume, udinga ukulinda kuze kube yilapho uhlelo lwezimpande lugcwalisa imbiza ngokuphelele ngomhlabathi. Ukulima, isitsha sokuqala sithathwa ngesilinganiso esingu-6 cm.

Imbobo yokudonsa kufanele yanele. Ukufakelwa akusebenzi njalo kanye eminyakeni emithathu, kuyilapho imbiza ingashiywa ngokufanayo. Kufanele uqaphele kuphela sula izimpande ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ushintshe i-substrate.

Ukuzala futhi ukufakelwa

Ukufakwa kwe-senpolia kuqala ngesiko elincane. I-Saintpaulia isakaza kanjena: amaqabunga; ukusika; izimbadada kanye nembewu.

Imvamisa sebenzisa indlela elula kakhulu yokubamba imbala - iqabunga. Ngaphambi kokufaka izimpande, locezwana luvuselelwa ngesikhupha se-disinfectant ngokomdwebo, khona-ke isengezo seqabunga sithunyelwa emanzini, lapho sikhona kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa izingcingo nezimpande.

Lapho kuvela ezimpandeni zamaqabunga 4-7 cm ubude, ugxilile. Phezulu udinga ukumboza ngembiza noma ifilimu kusuka ekushwabeni bese ulindela imiphumela. Uma konke kuhambe kahle, izitshalo ezivelayo zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ahlukile lapho zikhula. Uma kunakekelwa kahle, khona-ke ama-violets azoqhakaza ngonyaka.

I-Hybrid senpolia - ukuzalaniswa kwama-chimera kuphela ama-stepons kanye nama-peduncle, bazodlulisa izimfanelo zobunina kusitshalo esisha. Ingane ingahlukaniswa nomzali nge-awl, igxiliwe ngokushesha kusiqephu se-peat.

Lapho isithasiselo sendlu sidinga ukufakelwa, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe uhlelo lwempande lwempilo. Izimpande kufanele ube nombala omhlophe, gcwalisa ithangi, khona-ke bayaphila.

Uma uthatha ukwakheka kwe-conical kusuka kumtshali, lapho-ke udinga ukusindisa uhlelo lwezimpande oluthathe lesi sikhundla bese usidlulisela ebhodweni elikhudlwana elinogqinsi omncane oswakeme esitokisini esikhethekile.

Ngaphambi kokutshala i-senpolia, kufanele ucabangele ngokucophelela uhlelo lwezimpande futhi susa izimpande ezifile, zizoba nsundu.

Qikelela ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande ezinempilo ezikhanyayo. Ngokuphathwa ngokucophelela okunjalo, i-violet ingahlanzwa ngamanzi, emva kwalokho izimpande zisatshalaliswa ngobumnene futhi zitshaleke esitsheni esisha.

Endabeni yokubola kohlelo lwezimpande, lesi sitshalo kufanele sihlanzwe kutholakale izicubu ezinempilo, zehliselwe kugesi oyimpuphu owomile bese womile. Ngemuva kwalokhu kubulawa, kufanele uphinde izimpande emanzini noma i-mossngoba inezakhi zokwenza amagciwane izidakamizwa.

Izeluleko ezivela kubalimi abanolwazi

Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizwa kahle lapho igumbi lifinyelela ku-25 degrees Celsius, ebusika kuthatha i-18−20. Umswakama kufanele ube cishe ngama-50%.

Le mbali idinga amahora amade okukhanya kwelanga unyaka wonke. Ukukhanyisa kufanele okungenani kube ngamahora ayi-10, ngezikhathi zezimbali ezidingekayo ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwe-luminescent.

Uma ukuthambisa kwenziwa ngepani, kubalulekile ukukhipha amanzi angadakiwe yilesi sitshalo. Uma ukuthambisa kwenziwa phezulu, lapho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi umswakama awutholi emaqabungeni. Ehlobo wanisela nsuku zonke kancane kancane, ebusika - amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto. Ukuze isitshalo esincane siqhume, kufanele ulinde unyaka owodwa.

Uma unakekelwe kahle, lapho-ke uzothola umvuzo ngesimo sesimbali esihle esihle. I-senpolia engaphakathi iqhakaza cishe izinyanga ezimbili, ngesikhathi sezimbali susa izimbali eziphelele.

Isitshalo asiqhakaza uma sigula noma izinambuzane zilimele kuso. Izifo nezinambuzane ziyahlasela uma kunakekelwa okungafanele. Udinga ukwazi ukubhekana nezinambuzane.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwasebusika

Ukuze i-violet ingafi ebusika, futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunakekelwa okufanele, kufanele kulandelwe imithetho ethile:

1. Njengoba amahora okukhanya kwemini efushane ebusika, kudingeka ukuthi kwandiswe ngokukhanyiswa okwenziwe amahora amaningi.
2. Ukujikeleza kwezimpande kufanele kugwenywe ngokunciphisa ukuthambisa. Uma isitshalo sisagcwala, kufanele sisindiswe ngokudlulisela enhlabathini eyomile, bese siyimboza ngembiza phezulu. Kungasuswa lapho uhlelo lwempande lubuyiselwa, lokhu kungatholakala sibonga ngepheshana elisha.
3. Vikela i-senpolia emoyeni obandayo nowomile. Kuyadingeka ukuhambisa kude nokushisa izinto zokwenza izinto nokusalungiswa.
4. Ukuhlanzeka kuyadingeka. Ngaphambi kokufaka okunye esikhundleni sokukhipha, kumele uhlale uhlanza inhlabathi. Uma kusolwa izifo, hlukana nesihlahla kwezinye izitshalo.
5. Ungakhuli izinhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo, njengezihlahla zesundu, i-ficus, eduze ne-violet, ngoba izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezinjengamikhaza, ama-thrips kanye nama-aphid zingahlala kuzo. Kungcono uma i-geranium itholakala eduze kwe-senpolia, engakwesabisa izinambuzane ezicasulayo. I-Spatiphyllum umswakama kahle umoya, ngakho-ke ukusondela kuyo nge-violet encane ngeke kulimaze.

I-Saintpaulia yi isitshalo esihle kakhulu. Bahlukaniswa yizinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokwakheka nemibala. Uma ulandela le mithetho engenhla yokunakekela i-egumbini le-violet ekhaya, khona-ke lesi sidalwa esithambile siyojabulisa kakhulu ukuqhakaza, impilo enhle, ukubukeka kwayo yonke imizi.