Enye yezinhlobo zoqobo zangempela zeferns yangaphakathi, iBlechnum ibhekwa njengenye yezindlela zomculo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Izidingo zalo ze-thermophilicity kanye nezomswakama ziguqule lesi sitshalo sezinhlamvu saba yinganekwane eyiqiniso. IBlehnum, noma amantombazane amancane asekamelweni, akuyona i-fern yawo wonke umuntu, kodwa yinhle ngokumangazayo. Amasayizi amakhulu amakhulu kanye namaqabunga ama-thehlahla afane kakhulu nezihlahla zesundu kungasibekela kalula noma yisiphi esinye isitshalo samahlamvu okuhlobisa ingaphakathi lakho.
I-humpbacked derbyanka, noma iBlechnum humpback (Blechnum gibbum).
I-Blehnum - icishe ifane ne-ferns
Ama-Ferns ayizitshalo ezitholakala kalula hhayi kuphela ngokubukeka kwazo, kepha futhi nangomlingiswa wazo oyingqayizivele. Izimo eziguquguqukayo, ezinothando ezinesimo nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi, lezi zakhamizi zasendulo zezangaphakathi, noma kunjalo, azinangqondo ngokuphelele ekuthini zizo. Phakathi kwama-fern kukhona izitshalo ezifanele ngisho nakwabaqalayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezingalima kuphela abalimi abasebenza kuzo. UDerbyanka ungomunye nje wokugcina. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ferns ebaluleke kakhulu noma edinga ukwethulwa kumasiko angaphakathi. Futhi lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngokuphelele idumela laso.
Igama Botanical derbyanka noma i-ferns yesundu, njengoba laba bantu abanohlonze bathanda ukusibiza - inyoni emnyama (I-Blechnum) Zimelela umndeni wegama elifanayo iDerbyankovyh (Blechnaceae). Ukuvela kwalawa ferns kukhumbuza kakhulu izihlahla zesundu, kunokuba kube ngabalingani bazo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amaqabunga amade e-cirrus afane esigabeni sesiphambano kuya kuma-lobes amancanyana ezihlahla zesundu ze-vai cirrus, kodwa kuphela futhi kukude. Futhi yize ukukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nendlela yokukhula kuyinto ejwayelekile kuma-ferns, lapho isitshalo sikhula siba sikhulu, kulapho sifana khona nezihlahla zesundu.
AmaDerbyanki angama-fern akhula kancane. Ngokuphakama okungama-50 cm kuya ku-1 m, lolu hlobo alunakubalwa njengesihlanganisi sezintambo zasendlini. Amaqabunga aqoqwe ezisekelweni eziqinile, ezanele ngokwanele, abukeka ehlaba umxhwele futhi enomoya ngenxa yezikhala eziphakathi kwama-lobes, hhayi uhlelo lwazo olubucayi. Petioles mfushane noma icishe ibonakale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga, ngokunqampula kwawo okuncane, agcizelela futhi ukuvela komsuka we-fern, oziveza ngobudala. Ama-rhizomes awugqinsi, i-rhizome eguqulwe kancane kancane iba ngesimo esifana nesiqu futhi ikhuphuke ibe ukuphakama kwengxenye yemitha, okwenza ifane nezihlahla zesundu. UDerbyanki akaqabuki aqhakaze futhi angaxabani njalo, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kubona, ngakho-ke ukuthola ithuba lokukhulisa ama-ferns kusuka ezinhlamvwini yimpumelelo enkulu. I-Sporangia itholakala cishe emaphethelweni wezigaba, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Emvelweni, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zama-blehnums kukalwa ngezitshalo ezingamakhulu amaningana. Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, konke kulula kakhulu: okutholakala kakhulu yiHumpback Blechnum (Blechnum gibbum). Lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi siyathengiswa ngaphansi kwegama lenye ingadi yefern evela kulo mndeni, iBlechnum spicant. Kepha utshani obunamakhaza buyisitshalo esivulekile, akufanele udidanise lezi zinhlobo zombili, ngoba ziyahlukahluka kubalingisi nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Izinhlobo ze "greenhouse" zama-blackheads zithathwa njengeziyivelakancane - i-wideleaf yaseBrazil eyaziwa ngokuthi i-blackleaf (iBlechnum brasiliense); ukugcabha ngephethini ethandekayo yama-lobes, i-Blechnum serrulatum ne-compact enamaqabunga amnyama, cishe ne-petioles emnyama, ukubukeka kweBlechnum moorei.
UFern Derbyanka, noma iBlechnum (Blechnum).
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya kweBlechnum
I-Blehnumy izizwa imnandi kumagumbi okugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina ukudla, amafasitela wezimbali wezimbali. Lezi izitshalo ezingenasici kakhulu, ezidume ngokushisa kwazo kanye nokuswakama kothando. Kodwa noma ngabe abesifazane be-derby bengalungele abaqalayo, abalimi abanolwazi bangayihlola le fern enhle ezimeni zangaphakathi. Lesi sitshalo senzelwe labo abathanda ubunzima nobunzima bezilwane ezifuywayo.
Ukukhanyisela i-blehnum
UDerbyanki uzizwa emuhle kuphela ngokukhanyisa "okuphakathi" - hhayi okugqamile kakhulu, kepha hhayi kunombala kakhulu. Amapulatifomu e-solar futhi akhanya ngendlela engeyiyo ngeke ahambisane nawo, kepha zonke izindawo ze-penumbra zizoba yisiphephelo esihle kakhulu.
Isithandwa somthunzi okhethiweyo, iBlechnum izizwa imnandi hhayi kuma-windowsill, kepha hhayi kude nabo ngaphakathi, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwetshe elincane njengomhlobiso okhethekile wamakamelo, ubuhle obuhle nobokwakha izakhiwo ngokuqinile.
Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile
Ngaphandle kwendawo efudumele eqhubekayo, akukho mpumelelo ongayithola ekutshaleni iBlehnum, kepha i-fern ihlanganisa uthando lwayo lokushisa nokungathandi ukushisa.
Lesi sengezo sendlu sidingeka kakhulu emazingeni okushisa futhi asikwazi ukuma ngisho nokuphola okuncane. Ukushisa komoya okuvumelekile okuvumelekile kule fern kungama-degree ayi-16, khona-ke isitshalo siyamelana nezinkomba ezinjalo ebusika kuphela. Kodwa ngisho nangesikhathi sokushisa, ama-blehnums akhetha izimo ezivinjelwe, angabekezeleli amazinga okushisa ashubisa ngaphezulu kwama-25 degrees. Ukushisa kusondele kakhulu kuzoba ehlobo kuya kuma-degree angama-20- 23, kuthi ebusika - kuya kuma-18 degrees, okungcono. Kuyadingeka ukulawula hhayi kuphela izinga lokushisa lomoya, kodwa futhi nokushisa kwenhlabathi.
Enye yezinto "eziyinkimbinkimbi" yale fern uthando lomoya omusha. I-Blehnumy idinga ukungenisa umoya okunembile, kepha okungapheli. Isitshalo sizokhetha ukuchitha ihlobo emoyeni omusha, kepha kuphela uma sivikelekile ekushiseni lapho futhi sizoqhubeka nokuthola ukunakekelwa okuvamile.
Ama-blehnums abucayi kakhulu kokusalungiswa kanye nanoma yiluphi ushintsho ekushiseni komoya. Izitshalo zidinga ukuvikeleka ngenkathi kungenwa umoya omncane, futhi kusuka "ekuhambeni" okusebenzayo ezungeze igumbi, kungasaphathwa imishini yomoya noma imishini yokushisa. Kubhekelwa kakhulu ekuvikeleni phansi kwembiza: ukupholisa kwayo kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo ngokushesha ngisho kunesomiso. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka ama-blehnums ezitimeleni, ukuvikela ekungxenyeni ngokweqile kwephansi noma ngezinto zefenisha.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ngaphandle kokuswakama okungaphezulu kwenhlabathi, i-blehnum ayikwazi ukutshala, kepha isitshalo asithandi umswakama ngokweqile. Ukulinganisa phakathi kokuswakama okunethezekile nokugcwala kwamanzi kungabukwa kuphela ngokubheka ngokucophelela isimo sendawo engaphansi nokufunda ukusabela kwesitshalo uqobo. Izimpande zale fern kufanele zibe esimeni esimanzi esimanzi, ukuzomisa kuzo kuyabulala.
Amanzi ama-blehnums kuzodingeka futhi ukuthi akhethwe ngokucophelela: lolu hlobo lwamafern alukwazi ukubekezelela ukuthambisa okuthambile, noma inani elincane lekalika lingasibhubhisa isitshalo. Ngokungeziwe kokuxazulula, kuzodingeka unakekele izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: kufanele kube ngamazinga athile aphakeme ukwedlula amazinga okushisa komhlaba we-coma.
Kodwa ngisho nezidingo zokushisa okuzinzile, isimilo sama-blackheads, zimboza isidingo sazo somswakama. Izinkomba zale fern akufanele ziphezulu kuphela, kepha ziphezulu kakhulu, zisuka ku-75%. Futhi ngenkathi lesi sitshalo singefafazwa (ngisho noma lezi zinqubo zinqabile) zizoholela ekubukekeni kwe-wai okudumazayo), ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokwenza indawo entofontofo awulula kangako. Amadivayisi we-humidifier, asekhaya noma awezimboni, azobhekana nomsebenzi, kanye nokubeka lesi sitshalo e-florarium, ukusondela emithonjeni engaphakathi ezindlini nasemanzini. Indawo ethokomele ye-fern nayo ingatholakala ngokutshala ngokufaka izimbiza esitsheni esikhulu sangaphandle esigcwele ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amanzi, i-peat, i-hydrogel, njll.
UFern Derbyanka, noma iBlechnum (Blechnum).
Ukugqoka okunomsoco
Le fern idinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu. Kufakwa umquba wayo kusetshenziselwa imvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2. Okwe-blehnum, ukuxuba okukhethekile kukamanyolo kwama-ferns noma okungenani umanyolo wokuhlobisa nokutshala izitshalo kufanelekile. Umthamo onconywe ngumenzi, noma ngabe usebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile we-ferns, uncishiswa izikhathi ezi-2.
Ukondla i-blehnum kumisiwe ngokuphelele isikhathi kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ngemuva kokufakelwa, ukugqoka okuphezulu akwenziwa kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kuvame ukuzethula ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokuthwala isiqukathi esisha. Kuhle futhi ukwenza ngesitshalo esisanda kutholwa.
Izihlahla
Akunandaba ukuthi i-blehnum ingaba yinhle kangakanani, ngaphandle kokuyihlanza njalo izobukeka ingenamqondo futhi inganakwa. Kulesi fern, amaqabunga amadala aphansi ayalala, aphenduke aphuzi futhi omile, kepha angawa uqobo. Zidinga ukusikwa ezansi kwesiqu, ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu, zisuse, lapho nje ziqala ukonakalisa kakhulu ukuhlobisa kwezitolo. Awukwazi ukuthinta ama-vayas aphilile namancane, noma ngabe “akhishwe ngaphandle” kuwo umqhele ovamile wezitshalo ezindala.
UFern Derbyanka, noma iBlechnum (Blechnum).
Transplant kanye substrate
Ukushintsha umthamo wale ndawo enhle yothando eqinile ye-fern kuhlale kukhathazeka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-blehnums awatshalwa kabusha ngonyaka, kepha kuphela uma kunesidingo sangempela sokushintsha umthamo futhi ahlukane, isitshalo asinandawo yokuthuthukela phambili. Le fern ithanda izimo eziphuthumayo kunokuba zithunyelwe ezihlelelwe.
Ukushintshwa kwamabhodwe nokugcotshwa komhlaba kungenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle, esandisa amathuba okugwema isikhathi eside inqubo yokufakelwa.
Ngisho nenhlabathi yale fern kumele icaciswe. AbakwaDerbyanki badinga i-substrate evulekile, enolaka enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi nge-blehnum kukhethwa nge-pH engaba ngu-5.0. Lapho ukuxuba ngokuzimela, izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-peat ne-humus zivame ukuhlanganiswa, zithathwe ngesigamu senani lesihlabathi nama-moss aqoshiwe.
Le nqubo uqobo lwayo kufanele ihambe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa, i-fern iniselwa kakhulu. Lapho ufaka izinto, kungakuhle ukuthi unciphise ukuxhumana nezimpande zefern ngokumane udlulise isitshalo bese uhlanza kancane ungqimba lomhlaba olungcolile, kepha usebenza ngokucophelela.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, ama-blehnums adinga ukuthambisa okunembile, kepha umswakama ophezulu kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthi ungabondli kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sisebenzisa umsoco kusuka enhlabathini. Le fern ngaphandle kokugqoka ephezulu ingayenza ngisho nasezinyangeni ezingama-5-6. Kungemva nje kwalapho, okondlayo okungezelelweyo emvamisa ejwayelekile kungeniswa ohlelweni lokunakekela.
Iziqukathi ze-blehnum akufanele zithothane: imvamisa lapho zithunyelwa, ubukhulu bezimbiza benyuka hhayi ngo-2-3, kepha ngo-4-5 cm, ukuze izimpande zithole lapho zingakhula khona, kepha akufanele zibe banzi kakhulu. Ukukhethwa kokungekukhulu kakhulu, kepha amabhodwe amakhulu akuvumeli kuphela ukudala imvelo ekhululekile kakhulu yokukhula nentuthuko, kodwa futhi nokugwema ukufakelwa okuvamile.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Kumahalananda, izinambuzane ziyizimenywa ezivame kakhulu. Ukuchezuka okuncane kakhulu ekunakekelweni okulingene kwanele, njengoba le fern iba sengozini yemikhonyovu, izimbuzane zesigcawu, ama-spips, ama-aphid. Kungcono ukuzilwa nabo ngokushesha ngama-insecticides.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo:
- ukomiswa kwamathiphu amaqabunga emoyeni owomile kakhulu, eduze kwemishini yokushisa, ekuhlakaleni;
- ukubukeka okucindezelayo nokuntuleka komoya omusha;
- kuphuzi kwamaqabunga emazingeni okushisa ashisa kakhulu;
- ukuvela kwamabala ansundu emaqabungeni lapho kungenakukhipha umoya nokushisa;
- ukubuyiswa kokukhula komswakama ophansi, ukukhetha okungafanele kwe-substrate;
- ukukhanya, ukufiphala, ukufiphaza kwamaqabunga kukhanya kakhulu;
- amacembe aqine namathiphu aphuzi noma ansundu, ahlanganiswe nokukhexisa, lapho ukukhetha okungalungile kwamandla, ukugqoka okuphezulu okuncane;
- ukugoqa amaqabunga ngemuva kokuphuzi nokuphuzi, ukugquma noma ukushona kwamaqabunga amancane kumakhaza, lapho uthambisa ngamanzi alukhuni noma abandayo.
Ukufuywa kweBrekhkhamu
Le fern isakazwa kakhulu yizinhlamvu. Ama-spores ayanyakaziswa anqenqelwe phezulu kwesakhiwo esiswakanyisiwe, esinezintambo ezibanzi kodwa singenamgqomo, bese izilimo zimbozwa ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Zimila engxenyeni enomswakama ne-acidic (ingxube ye-peat noma yesihlabathi), emazingeni okushisa angama-22 degrees Celsius, ngokushisa okuphansi nasethunzini eliphelele kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala. Izithombo zingalindelwa izinyanga eziningana. Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukukhanyiswa okuthambile kanye nezimo ezizinzile kakhulu; Ukuncipha kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho izitshalo ziqine, kungashiyi sihlahla esingaphezu kwesisodwa kuwo wonke amasentimitha angama-2-3 enhlabathi. Zingantshontshelwa ezitsheni ezihlukile ngemuva kokuba izitshalo sezikhulile zaba ngamasentimitha amahlanu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-blehnums akuvamile ukuba kubhekiselwe kukho, ngoba i-fern ibekezelela ngobuhlungu ngisho nokufakelwa okujwayelekile. Kepha uma isitshalo sikhule ngokweqile noma kungekho enye indlela, uma uthanda ukuzama, lapho usudlulisa, ungazama ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome. Le nqubo ingenziwa kuphela kuma-ferns anamaphuzu wokukhula a-4 okungenani. Hlukanisa iziqeshana zegumbi zibe izingcezu ezinkulu ngomunye (mhlawumbe 2 kuya ku-3) iphuzu lokukhula elinamandla nezimpande ezinamandla, usebenza ngommese obukhali, ucubungula ngokushesha izingcezu. Izitshalo zizodinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo isikhathi eside, ukunakekelwa okuyikho nokunemba.
