I-Oncidium (Oncidium) imele umndeni wakwa-Orchid. Le epiphyte, ngendlela yayo, imelelwa yizilwane eziningi okulula ukuzihlukanisa ngokuhlukahluka kwamaqabunga nezimbali. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-oncidium ihlanganisa izindawo eziningi. Abanye abameleli bakhula emahlathini anomswakama omningi weCentral neNingizimu Melika, kanti abanye bakhetha ukuba phezulu ezintabeni, lapho kungashisi kangako, futhi izinga lokushisa kwesinye isikhathi lifinyelela amazinga aphansi aphakeme. Izinhlobo zesithathu zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile zaseSannah.
I-Oncidium, ngokuya ngezinhlobo, inesakhiwo sangaphandle esihlukile. Olunye uhlobo lufana nama-irises ekwakhekeni kwesiqu esinamaqabunga nezimbali. Olunye uhlobo selubize ama-pseudobulbs, izimpande ezacile ezilengiswe phansi ngaphandle kwembiza. I-pseudobulb ngayinye ingaba nenqubo enamaqabunga ama-3. Amaqabunga anezimo ezahlukahlukene nezithunzi kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo. I-peduncle yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene iyahlukahluka ngokusuka ku-10 cm kuye ku-5 m. Oncidiums afana ku-hue nezimbali. Lapha ungabona ubukhulu bethoni ephuzi, nsundu nokubomvu. Ukuma nokwakheka kwezimbali kuyafana phakathi kwezinhlobo ngazinye. Ubukhulu bawo bungasukela ku-2 kuya ku-12 cm. Zonke izinhlobo ze-oncidium zihlanganisa ukuqhakaza okumnandi. Sika Isiqu sezimbali singathatha amasonto amathathu. I-Oncidium blooms kaningana ngonyaka. Isikhathi sezimbali azinqunywa ngokuqondile - kuya ngezimo ezithile zesitshalo.
Nakekela i-oncidium ekhaya
Indawo nokukhanyisa
I-Oncidium isho uhlobo lwama-orchid adinga isibalo esikhulu sokukhanya. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube okugqamile, kepha kungcono ukuvikela amaqabunga elangeni elihisayo laphakathi ehlobo. Ukuthi i-oncidium ithola ukukhanyisa okwanele ingahlolwa ngesimo samaqabunga ayo. Amacembe amnyama anesikhumba esinemithunzi emnyama adinga ukukhanyiswa okuningi. Uma amaqabunga eba luhlaza oluluhlaza okhanyayo, kuvela amabala abomvu kuwo, khona-ke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithola ukushiswa yilanga. Ezingeni elifanele lokukhanya, amaqabunga e-oncidium agcwele luhlaza okhanya. I-Oncidium ingatshalwa ngokukhanya okuphansi kwiwindows yasenyakatho, kodwa kulokhu akufanelekile ukulinda ukuqhakaza. Kulokhu, ungaphendukela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-phytolamp noma amalambu we-fluorescent.
Ukushisa
Amazinga okushisa e-oncidium abaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zidinga amabanga okushisa ahlukene.
- Ama-oncidiums athanda ukushisa ayizitshalo ezivela emahlathini ashisayo azokwazi ukukhululeka ehlobo emazingeni okushisa angaba ngama-25-30 degrees, futhi ebusika - hhayi ngaphansi kwe-15-18 degrees. Umehluko phakathi kokushisa kwasemini nobusuku nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka akufanele ube ngaphezu kwama-3-5 degrees.
- Ama-Oncidiums akhula ngamazinga okushisa aphakathi. Emvelweni, zitholakala ezindaweni ezisezintabeni nasezintabeni. Izinga lokushisa lasehlobo akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwama-18-22 degrees, futhi ebusika - lingabi ngaphezu kwama-12-16 degrees.
- Ama-oncidiums anothando olubandayo - kuma-vivo akhula emahlathini asezintabeni. Ukushisa kwesikhathi sasemini ehlobo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-22, futhi isikhathi sasebusika ebusika - kungabi ngaphezu kwama-degrees ayi-7- 7.
Namuhla ezitolo zezimbali akuvamile ukuba uhlangane nabamele abahlanzekile bezinhlobo ezithile. Izinhlobo eziningi ezi-hybrid ziyathengiswa. Zivumelaniswa kangcono nezimo zezindlu zokuhlala nezindlu ezizimele futhi zingakhula unyaka wonke emazingeni okushisa ukusuka kuma-14 kuye kwangama-26 degrees. Izimo zokushisa ezikhethwe ngokungafanele zizokuthinta kabi ukukhula nokukhula kwesitshalo.
Umswakama womoya
I-Oncidium ingakhula kahle womabili umswakama ongu-40% naku-70%. Ukufafaza amaqabunga kungadingeka kuphela ehlobo ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu egumbini noma ngesikhathi sasebusika, lapho kusetshenziswa izitha zokushisa ukushisa igumbi. Umoya onomswakama ongaphansi kwama-40% ngeke uvumele isitshalo ukuthi sikhule ngokugcwele, amaqabunga azoqala ukoma. Ukuze wandise umswakama womoya sebenzisa ama-humidifiers akhethekile noma i-tray enobumba olunwebekile olumanzi (isihlabathi). Ukufafaza amaqabunga ngamanzi afudumele nakho kuzosiza. Ekushiseni kwegumbi elingaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18, ukufafaza kwesitshalo kumele kumiswe. Ukuze lesi sitshalo singathintwa izifo zokukhunta, umoya osemkamelweni kumele uhlale ungena umoya.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kulawulwa ngokuya ngesigaba sokukhula i-oncidium ekuso. Esikhathini lapho i-pseudobulb yavela futhi ngaphambi kokuvela kokuhluma okuvela kuyo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu kaningi. Ngaphansi kwembiza kufanele kube nezimbobo eziningi ukuze amanzi ashiye ithangi ngokukhululekile, futhi angangeni ngaphakathi. Amanzi aqinile azokuholela ngokushesha ekuwohlisweni kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini ahleliwe ekushiseni kwegumbi. Kubalulekile ukungavumeli inhlabathi yomile ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwe-oncidium lwempande lungahle lungalulami. Lapho nje i-pseudobulb entsha iqala ukwakha, ukuthambisa kumele kumiswe ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabona ukuvela nokukhula kwe-peduncle entsha. Ngokushesha nje lapho sekunokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi isiqu esisha sezimbali sikhula ku-oncidium, ukuthambisa kuyaqala futhi. Inani elikhulu lama-pseudobulbs esitshalweni yinto engathandeki futhi engathandeki, ngoba i-oncidium nje ngeke ibe namandla okuqhakaza. Uma i-pvsedobulba isontekile noma yomile kancane ngesikhathi sezimbali noma i-dormancy, khona-ke akufanele ukhathazeke - le yinqubo evamile ye-oncidium.
Inhlabathi
Ngokukhula kwe-oncidium, ungasebenzisa ingxube eqediwe esitolo esikhethekile noma uzilungiselele. Kufanele kube nengxube yezingcezu zamalahle, amagxolo kaphayini, i-sphagnum moss, i-peat. Lapho utshala, lesi sitshalo sibekwa emaphethelweni ebhodwe, sivumele izinqubo ezintsha ukuba zithole isikhala samahhala. Imbiza ebanzi ilungele ukukhula i-oncidium. Ungalungisa futhi lesi sitshalo esiqeshini samagxolo enkuni ngocingo, usebenzisa izingcezu ze-moss ukuthola umswakama owengeziwe.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
I-Oncidium yondliwa kuphela lapho amahlumela ekhula. Lapho nje i-pseudobulbs yokuqala iqala ukwakheka kubo, uhlelo lomanyolo lumiswa ngokuphelele. Baqala futhi ngokuqala kokukhula kwe-peduncle futhi kuphele lapho imbali yokuqala ivula kuyo. Isitshalo sizwela kakhulu inani lomanyolo emhlabathini. Okondlayo, kusetshenziselwa umanyolo okhethekile wama-orchid, kepha afakwe ekuhlatshweni okuphindwe kayishumi kunalokho kunconyelwe emiyalweni yomuthi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande kudinga ukushintshwa ngokudla amaqabunga.
Ukufakelwa
Kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise i-oncidium kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngoba lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli noma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa nakho. Uma izimpande zesitshalo zigcwalise ngokuphelele isitsha noma i-substrate ingakulungele ukusetshenziswa kwayo okunye, khona-ke lapha awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokufakelwa kwesitshalo. Ngaphansi kwembiza kubalulekile ukugoqa ungqimba lwamanzi.
Ukushicilelwa kwe-oncidium
Ekhaya, i-oncidium izala ngempumelelo ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla sonke noma ngokusebenzisa isibani.
Ungahlukanisa isihlahla, inqobo nje uma okungenani amahlumela ama-3 esala engxenyeni ngayinye, ngaphandle kwalokho uzungu ngalunye alunakugwenywa. Ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa nangemva kokuhlukanisa isihlahla ngommese obukhali, kwenqatshelwe ukunisela isitshalo izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-7, ukuze amaphuzu asikiwe awomile futhi angaboli lapho amanzi efika kuwo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo. Ingxenye ngayinye ehlukanisiwe kumele ibe nohlelo oluzimele lwezimpande. Kungcono ukumboza amaphuzu asikiwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Esikhundleni sokunisela, ungasebenzisa isifutho samaqabunga.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Oncidium isengozini yokulimala ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta. Phakathi kwezinambuzane, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhaza, izinambuzane ezikala, ukugoqeka kanye ne-mealybug kungalimaza isitshalo.
Ukubona i-mealybug emaqabungeni e-oncidium kulula kakhulu. Amabhola amhlophe akhiwa ebusweni bawo, afana noboya bekotini ngaphandle. Basuswa ngokucophelela nge-napkin elicwengeke ngesixazululo sotshwala. Ngokulandelayo, isitshalo kufanele siphathwe ne-Actara engxenyeni ekhonjiswe kwimiyalo yomuthi.
Isihlangu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo sishiya uhlobo lwamabala we-wax ebusweni bephepha. Basuswa nge-swab yekotoni ecijwe esitsheni sotshwala. Ngokulandelayo, i-oncidium iphathwa ngesisombululo se-Actara kuze kube yilapho izitshalo zilulama ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlonza ama-thrips kunzima kakhulu kune-scabbard noma i-mealybug. Ukulimala kwabo kusakazeka emaqabunga ngesimo semivimbo yesiliva engajwayelekile. Ngemuva kweshidi ubona imikhiqizo emfucuza emnyama yezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ungabhekana nokujikijela kuphela ngosizo lwamakhemikhali ezinambuzane. Ukuthola isisombululo, kuxutshwe namanzi kwisilinganiso esishiwo kwimiyalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, isibonelo, i-actellik.
Kuvela isitshalo sesitshalo lapho umoya womile kakhulu. Emacembe ungabona amachashazi amhlophe newebhu ecashile ecashile. Lapho i-orchid ilinyazwa umkhaza oyisicaba, kuvela ithambeka elinombala omhlophe emaqabunga. Lapho kuvela umkhaza onamandla kakhulu, uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nesisekelo sesiqu kuyothinteka. Ungabhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhaza ngosizo lwamakhemikhali ezinambuzane.
I-Oncidium ngaphezu kwezinambuzane zezinambuzane zingathinteka ezifweni zokukhunta kanye namagciwane. Uma kuvela amabala ansundu kulesi sitshalo, khona-ke izingxenye ezithintekayo kufanele zisuswe, inhlabathi kufanele yomile ngokuphelele, inciphise ukunisela, futhi ibuye iqinisekise ukuhamba komoya ohlanzekile njalo. Ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane, ama-fungicidal agents ahlanjululwe ngamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuthola isixazululo esilinganisweni esishiwo kwimiyalo yesidakamizwa ngasinye.
Izinkinga ezikhula nge-oncidium
Izimo ezephulwayo zokulondolozwa kohlobo oluthile lwe-oncidium kuholele ekubonakaleni kwezimpawu emaqabungeni noma ezimbalini zawo.
- Izikhala eziseleni nasezimbali, amaqabunga abolile akhombisa umswakama ngokweqile wesigcawu. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukuchelela ngaphambi kokuthi isitshalo siqale ukufa.
- Uhlelo lwezimpande olubolile luphinde futhi lubonise ukuthambisa ngokweqile noma ukuba khona kokusalungiswa.
- Uma umswakama womoya uphansi kakhulu ehlobo noma lapho isitshalo sitholakala khona ekufudumezeni izinto ebusika, amathiphu noma imiphetho yamaqabunga izoqala ukoma iphenduke ibe nsundu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma yisiphi isitshalo esithengiwe ngaphambi kokubekwa ndawonye nabanye abahlali abaluhlaza efasiteleni kufanele sibekelwe izinsuku ezingama-30.
