Amanzi ekotishi adingeka kakhulu - ukunisela insimu, ukugeza, ukupheka, ukugeza izitsha nokunye okuningi. Kepha, ngeshwa, kude nazo zonke izindlu kunamanzi aphakathi nendawo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kunobunzima obuningana obuhambisana nokuhamba isikhathi eside ukuya kukholamu eseduze noma emthonjeni. Ungonga isikhathi futhi unikeze induduzo ezweni uma wenza ukutholakala kwamanzi ezweni. Le nqubo ayidingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono futhi iyakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimela. Lokhu kuzodinga imishini yokupompela engabizi kakhulu nokufinyelela emthonjeni wamanzi.
Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwamakamelo okuhambisa amanzi
Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okwenzelwe wena kuyinqubo lapho kufanele kubhekwe khona izinto eziningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukungena kwamanzi endlini esezingeni eliphezulu futhi ngaphandle kweziphazamiso. Kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi ukutholakala kwamanzi kuzosebenza yini ngesikhathi sasebusika noma cha, kungakanani amanzi adingekayo ngosuku, ngezinhloso ezizosetshenziswa. Ngokufanelekile, uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamanzi kwendlu kufanele lwakhiwe kanye nesakhiwo uqobo ukuze sibhekele zonke izinto ezihlelekile futhi sisungule uhlelo olulula lwamanzi.
Ngeshwa, izindlu eziningi azenzelwanga ukugcinela amanzi kuzo, ngakho-ke kusasele izinguquko ezindlini eziqediwe. Umsebenzi uyinkimbinkimbi uma kungekho kahle noma kahle amanzi angatholakali. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka uchithe isikhathi esiningi nemali ekwakheni kwabo.
Esimweni lapho umthombo usatholakala, umuntu kufanele aqinisekise ngekhwalithi yamanzi nokuvuselelwa kwawo kabusha. Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kunganele, ungazama ukwenza ukuthi kujule kakhulu. Okulandelayo, sinquma ukuthi imishini yokufakelwa lapho izofakelwa kuphi, futhi uma ingekho ngaphezulu, khona-ke siyabela ikamelo elincane kuyo. Kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukheshi noma ifokhethi eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile lingasebenza.
Ukukhetha kwePhampu
Ngokuya ngezici eziningi, kukhethwa uhlobo namandla wephampu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola amanzi ehlobo nasebusika, kuzodingeka amaphampu ahlukahlukene.
Ngohlobo lwamalungiselelo, la mapampu alandelayo ahlukaniswa:
- Iphampu engaphansi. Ifakwe ngqo emthonjeni uqobo. Usizo lwayo ukuthi ayenzi umsindo endlini futhi ayithathi isikhala. Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwepampu alusebenzi ngenkathi ebusika.
- Iphampu yangaphandle. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lungasetshenziswa kokubili ehlobo nasebusika. Itholakala ebangeni elithile ukusuka emthonjeni futhi ixhumeke kuyo ngepayipi lamanzi.
- Isiteshi sokumpompela izindlu zezwe. Lezi ziteshi zingakwazi ukungashintshi ngokuphelele. Iziteshi zingaba ngudizili noma uphethiloli, ziyasebenza lapho kuvulwa injini yangaphakathi yokumelana.
Ukuzikhethela kokuphakelwa kwamanzi
Ukukhetha komthombo wokuhambisa amanzi kufanele kwenziwe kucatshangelwa izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ikhwalithi yamanzi nezinye izinto. Ungaxhumana nomakhelwane asebevele benamanzi agezayo, noma ngabe banelisekile ngobumsulwa bamanzi abo.
Imithombo ejwayelekile yokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi yilezi:
- Kahle. Indlela yakudala kakhulu futhi elula kunazo zonke yokuletha amanzi ekhaya, ngoba ungazenzela ngokwakho ngezandla ngaphandle kokufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthenga izindandatho zikakhonkolo, futhi ungazimba ngokwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ugesi ungatholakali futhi kungenzeki ipompo, ungathola amanzi emthonjeni ngebhakede. Eminye imithombo yokunikezwa kwamanzi ayinakuziqhayisa ngesithunzi esinjalo. Iphuzu elibi lokusebenzisa imithombo yemithombo kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokungcola okuhlukahlukene okuwa kusuka ezingqimbeni zenhlabathi ephezulu. Kepha ngale ukubuyela emuva, ukufakwa ngokucophelela kwezikhala phakathi kwezindandatho zikakhonkolo kuzosiza.
- Amakamelo okuhambisa amanzi avela emthonjeni "esihlabathini." Uma kungekho manzi angaphansi komhlaba, noma inani elanele lamanzi ngokujula okufika ku-15 m, kuyisiko ukubhoboza imithombo. Indlela yokumba “owomile” kahle ibonakala ngokuthi ngawo, amanzi avela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu kakhulu kohlelo lwe-aquifer. La manzi angahlungiwe kahle yi-loam etholakala phezulu, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuphuza nokupheka. Bila lemithombo ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-50, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela zakudala zokuthola amanzi, njengoba ngesikhathi sokumba umshini kungenzeka weqa ungqimba lwamanzi. Ngeshwa, imithombo enjalo ayimisi isikhathi eside, ngoba Ukuhlunga kuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi nemithombo yamanzi iyaphela. Ngokuya ngezici zendawo ethile ebusika, impilo yenkonzo yemithombo ingashiyana ngeminyaka emi-5 kuye kwengama-20.
- Kahle artesian. Lolu hlobo lokumba kahle luyehluka kusuka kokuyedlule ekujuleni kwalo okukhulu, lungafinyelela ngaphezu kwe-1000m. Ngokuvamile imithombo yobuciko ayisetshenziselwa izidingo zabo, ngoba Le ndlela ebiza kakhulu yokukhipha amanzi futhi idinga ukusebenzisana nezinhlaka zikahulumeni. Kunengqondo ukumba imithombo enjalo ngokuhlanganisa imizamo yomakhelwane abaningana. Amanzi wokumba we-Artesian akhishwa ezingxenyeni ze-limestone, lapho iyikhwalithi ehlanzekile kunazo zonke futhi ephezulu kakhulu. Impilo yenkonzo yomthombo ingafinyelela imingcele yomthombo, futhi ifike eminyakeni engama-50.
Ukunikezwa kwamanzi ebusika
Uma kunesidingo sokusebenzisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ngesikhathi sasebusika, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukukha umgodi osuka edamini uye emthonjeni wamanzi. Ukujula komsele akumele kungabi ngaphansi kwama-1.5-2 m. Kuya ngezici zokuqandisa komhlaba kule ndawo. Ungahola amapayipi nangaphezulu ngokufaka okufakwayo okushisayo komoya. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukhetha okucishe kufane nobude bonke buqonde emthonjeni. Umgodi ohambelana nobukhulu bepayipi elikhethiwe usikwa endandatho yesibili yomthombo. Amapayipi angaba yinsimbi, ipulasitiki, i-PVC, njll., Into esemqoka ukuthi awaqhekeki ngaphansi kwethonya lesithwathwa.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kwasebusika okuphuma emthonjeni osezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi kubandakanya ukufakwa kwepayipi lokudla endaweni ephakeme elingama-30-40 cm ukusuka phansi. Kufakwa isihlungi sokuhlanza ekugcineni kwepayipi ukuze inhlabathi ingangenwa namanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela indawo lapho ipayipi ifakwe khona kwindandatho yomthombo bese uyigcwalisa ngomsele ngesihlabathi ekuqaleni nomhlabathi ovela phezulu.
Lapho ufaka imishini yokumpompa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa amazinga okushisa ngaphakathi kwesandiso, igumbi noma igumbi elihlukile lapho izotholakala khona, hhayi ngaphansi kwama-2 degrees wokushisa. Phambi kwephampu, kufakwa i-valve yokugeleza kwamanzi nesihlungi se-coarse. Ngemuva kokudlula kumpompo, amanzi ayahlungwa ngesihlungi esihle bese engena kumqoqi wamanzi abandayo. Ukusuka kumqoqi, amanzi asatshalaliswa phakathi kwabathengi.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi endlini yangasese noma ezweni kuyisidingo sokusebenza okujwayelekile komuntu nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi nengadi. Izinga lobuchwepheshe besimanje lisivumela ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngokwethu ngezindleko eziphansi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi ngqo kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okufanele kwazo zonke izigaba zokwakha kanye nekhwalithi yemishini esetshenziswayo.
