Ukondliwa okufanele kwezitshalo zasendlini kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekukhuleni kwazo okujwayelekile. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuvame ukwenza iphutha njengendlela yokuvuselela izimbali noma ukusekela ukukhula okusebenzayo, kepha ukubaluleka kwabo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izitshalo zithola umsoco enhlabathini nasemoyeni. Kepha ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-substrate, vele inyanga noma ezimbili ngemuva kokufakelwa kuncike ekutheni ingabe zondla ngendlela efanele nokuthi zisetshenziselwa ini zomanyolo. Ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelement zibaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Izitshalo zasendlini.
Isidingo sezitshalo ezakhiweni zomsoco ziyehluka ngokuya ngeminyaka, ukwakheka kanye nezimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, isigaba sokuthuthuka, isimo sempilo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zidinga ama-macro- amakhulu kanye nama-microelements ahlukene, ngokulingana nobungako obuhlukahlukene. Kukulingana phakathi kwezakhi eziyinhloko zomanyolo ezinquma ukuthi zingakanani noma zihambelana nezidingo zezitshalo ezithile.
Ukukhetha umanyolo “okulungile” akuwona neze umsebenzi olula njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni. Kumkhiqizi ngamunye, ziyehluka ngokwakhiwa kwazo noma zezitshalo ezifanayo. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imiksi okufanelekile ukuyikhetha. Funda incazelo emibalabala nenhloso yezidakamizwa nje isinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo ngasinye sithola izakhi esizidingayo, kufanelekile ukubheka ukwakheka, okuvame ukuvezwa ifomula ngqo kwiphakheji. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqokwa okuthile kwama-macro nama-micronutrients kumanyolo, konke kubonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe i-chemistry ayikaze ibe yisihloko sothando lwakho noma awunawo isipiliyoni. Kepha ekusebenzeni, konke kulula kakhulu.
"Ukusetha" kwezakhi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo zezitshalo akukukhulu kangako, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzulazula. Ukusuka emkhathini, izitshalo zithola umoya-mpilo, i-carbon ne-hydrogen. Zonke ezinye izakhi ezidingwa izitshalo zokuthuthuka okujwayelekile nempilo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Ama-Macronutrients - "Izinto zokwakha" zezitho nezicubu zezitshalo, izinto zamakhemikhali ze-biogenic ezidingekayo ngobukhulu obukhulu. Onke ama-macronutrients ayingxenye yama-amino acid - "izitini" lapho izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wethu zakhiwa
- Landelela izintoabaze negama labo hhayi nje kuphela ngenani labo elincane kakhulu, kodwa futhi nangeqhaza labo kumetabolism - uhlobo "lwamavithamini" wezitshalo.
Kepha ngokuzijwayeza kufanele sikhulume hhayi ngezimbili, kodwa mayelana nezinhlobo ezintathu zomsoco. Ngempela, eqenjini lama-macroelements ayi-8, ezintathu eziphambili zihlukaniswe ngokusobala, okuyizakhi eziyinhloko, zinquma uhlobo nokwakheka kukamanyolo, futhi zibalulekile kunoma yisiphi isitshalo. INitrogen, Potassium nePhosphorus - izinto ezisemqoka, okuyiqiniso, okungokwama-macroelements, kepha noma kunjalo zidlula ezinye izinkomba ngokubaluleka kwazo.
Imvamisa, zonke izakhi kanye neqhaza lazo kubhekwa ngokwahlukile, yize kuvezwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokugqoka okungaphezulu, azitholakali ngokuphelele ngesimo esimsulwa futhi zimelelwa ngezakhi ezitholakalayo zezinhlanganisela ezingatholwa izitshalo. Kepha zonke izinto ngaphandle kokukhetha, kunoma yisiphi isigaba, azinakuphikwa futhi ikakhulukazi aziguquki. Noma benza ngendlela efanayo futhi babamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezifanayo, abasalingani. Futhi izitshalo azinakho ukusweleka noma ukweqisa kwama-macro- nama-microelements athile ngezimpawu zawo ezinhle.
Yondla izitshalo zasendlini ngomanyolo we-granular.
I-NPK - isisekelo sokudla kwezitshalo
Isilinganiso se-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus sinquma ukwakheka nenhloso yomanyolo. Kubonga ushintsho ekulinganiseni phakathi kwalezi zinto ezintathu lapho kukhishwa khona umanyolo womhlaba (izilinganiso ezilinganayo) okuhloselwe ukuhlobisa amahlamvu (i-nitrogen ibusa) noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali (i-nitrogen engaphansi kwe-potasium ne-phosphorus). Isifinyezo nokuqanjwa kwento ngayinye akujwayelekile nje kubalimi nabalimi abanolwazi: ifomula yezinto ezintathu eziphambili ihlala ikhonjiswa kwilebula yanoma yimuphi umanyolo. Futhi uma bonke abalimi bezimbali nabatshali bezimbali bezazi ukuthi i-nitrogen iyadingeka ekukhuleni kanye nemifino, kanye ne-phosphorus ne-potassium yokuqhakaza izimbali, lapho-ke kuphela abathandi be-botany abacabanga ngezinhloso eziyiqiniso zezinto ezintathu eziphambili nangeqhaza labo empilweni yezitshalo.
I-nitrogen (igama - N) - okubaluleke kunazo zonke izakhi ezidingwa isitshalo. I-nitrogen idonswa izitshalo ezivela enhlabathini, futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kudlala indima enkulu kuzo zonke izinqubo zokuphila. I-nitrogen iyingxenye yamaprotheni, i-RNA, i-DNA, i-chlorophyll nayo yonke imakhi ebalulekile. I-nitrojeni ilawula ukukhula kwamahlumela, amaqabunga kanye nohlelo lwezimpande, inesibopho se- "green green".
Ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen: ukukhula kuncishisiwe, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, bese amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, efihlekile aqhuma, amahlumela abe mncane, umthambo ushintsha umbala.
Ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen: umbala uba mnyama noma i-mosagation ilahlekile, ukukhula kwenzeka emonakalisweni wokuqhakaza.
Iphosphorus (ukubizwa - P) - isisekelo samandla we-metabolism kumaseli, into ebalulekile yazo zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile. Kufakwe futhi ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni hhayi iDNA kuphela, kodwa ne-ATP, amavithamini nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Kuyisishoshovu sokukhula kohlelo lwempande, isisusa sokungavikeleki nezinqubo zokuzivikela, inqubo yokuguga nokufakwa kahle kwamanzi nezakhi ngohlelo lwezimpande. I-phosphorus ethinta ukuthuthukiswa kwama-buds, izimpande kanye nama-buds, izimbali "zamabala" futhi iqinisekise ukukhula kwazo okugcwele, bese kuba nezithelo.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus: amaqabunga ane-tint ye-violet, intuthuko ivinjelwe, amaqabunga amancane avela.
Ngokweqile kwe-phosphorus: i-chlorosis, ukuguga okusheshayo.
Potassium (ukuqanjwa - K) - ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezimbili eziyisisekelo, i-molecule ngokwayo ayingeni (ezimweni eziningi), kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho ukusabela akwenzeki futhi ama-carbohydrate namaprotheni awakhiwa. I-potassium "ebhekele" ukufakwa komswakama ngamaseli, ukushintshanisa ngegesi, i-photosynthesis. Kepha lokhu macroelement kubalulekile futhi ukumelana nanoma yimuphi umthelela omubi, kufaka phakathi isomiso, izifo, ukushisa noma i-hypothermia.
Ngokuntuleka kwe-potassium: imfushane, ukubukeka okumangazayo, amaqabunga entekenteke, imiphetho yamaqabunga egobeke phezulu, amabala amile.
Ngokweqile kwe-potassiumUkulahleka kombala wezimbali, ama-peduncle amafushane, ukupenda kwamaqabunga aphansi.
Amanye ama-macronutrients abamba iqhaza elikhulu empilweni yezitshalo zasendlini:
- Isibabule (igama - S) - obambe iqhaza obalulekile ezinqubweni zokubuyisa nezinqubo zokuphehla u-oxidation, kuyingxenye yama-hormone nama-enzyme, ama-amino acid, i-macroelement ebalulekile yokungavikeleki nokuvikelwa kwesitshalo. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sici kuboniswa ekuhlukaniselweni kwama-petioles kanye namaqabunga, ukuphakama kwamahlumela, ifomu elivinjelwe.
- I-calcium (okhethwe njengo-Ca) - isisekelo sezinto ze-pectin kanye nezinto ezidingekayo ekwakhekeni kwe-septa ye-intracellular, protoplasm, izicubu ezixhumanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi kuholela ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ekufeni kwezinso ezingaphezulu, ukufinyeza nokuqina kwezimpande, ukubonakala kwesigaxa kubo
- Magnesium (ukubizwa - Mg) - omunye wabahlanganyeli obalulekile ekulweni kwamaprotheni kanye nengxenye ye-chlorophyll. Ukuntuleka kwe-Magnesium kubonakala ku-chlorosis ngokufakelwa kwezicubu phakathi kwemithambo, ukugquma kwamaqabunga.
- I-iron (ukuqanjwa - Fe) - i-macrocell, evame ukubangelwa yiqembu lezinto zokulandela. Kepha ngokuya ngokwengeziwe, ukubaluleka kwensimbi ekwakhekeni kwe-chlorophyll kusiphoqa ukuba sikubeke ezintweni eziningi ezidingwa izitshalo ngesilinganiso esikhulu. Ukushoda kwensimbi kubonakaliswa ngokufiphaza, onsundu futhi kufe amahlumela aphezulu namaqabunga.
Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba endlini.
I-Micro akusho ukuthi ayibalulekile
Izinto zokulandela ziyadingeka ezitshalweni ngamanani amancane, kepha lokhu akumuki ekubalulekeni kwawo. Ukuba khona kwama-micronutrients kumanyolo kuvame ukunganakwa, kanti ukushoda noma okuwedlulele kwalezi zinto kungenza umthelela omubi njengokwethulwa okungenamdla kwama-macronutrients. Izitshalo azikwazi ukubakhona ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kwazo, yize iqhaza nomsebenzi wezinto ezilandelwayo zomunye nomunye ungakachazwa ngokuphelele futhi kufundwe.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulandela umkhondo - boron (ukuqanjwa - B). Inomphumela olawulayo we-carbohydrate ne-protein metabolism, isigaba sokutakula sokuphefumula. Ekusebenziseni, i-boron iyadingeka ukwandisa inani lezimbali, ukwakheka kwempova, izithelo kanye nokuvuthwa kwembewu. I-Boron (B), engaqondakali kunazo zonke izakhi zomkhondo, ebandakanyeka ekuphefumuleni futhi ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-calcium. Ukuntuleka kwe-boron kuholela hhayi kuphela ku-chlorosis, kodwa futhi necrosis yamaqabunga amancanyana, ukufiphala kwama-apical buds.
Manganese (ukubizwa - Mn) - isishoshovu sama-enzyme esiza ukugcina umswakama ezicutshini, i-normalization metabolism futhi ibuyise i-nitrogen complements element. Uma isitshalo sintula i-manganese, amaqabunga amancane akhula mancane kakhulu, ambozwe amabala aphuzi.
IMolybdenum (ukubizwa - Mo) nayo ibandakanyeka enqubweni yokwehliswa kwe-nitrate futhi into esemqoka yokulungiswa kwe-nitrogen.
I-Chlorine (ukuqanjwa - Cl) - obhekele ukungafani nokulinganisa kwe-ion, ukwakheka kwengxenye ye-oxygen.
Cobalt (igama - Co) - into ngaphandle kokuthi ukusebenza okuvamile kwamagciwane okulungisa i-nitrogen akunakwenzeka; ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zithola emhlabathini zonke izakhi ezizidingayo.
Copper futhi zinc (amagama - u-Cu no-Zn) bavame "ukusebenza" ngababili. Zenza kusebenze ama-enzyme. Kodwa uma ithusi lidlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ze-intracellular, i-zinc isiza ukukhulisa ukukhuthazela nokumelana kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ukungafani kokushisa nokubanda. Ngokuntuleka kwethusi, amaqabunga aba manciphile futhi amabala avele kuwo, amahlumela anwetshiwe futhi aba lukhuni, kepha le nkinga ijwayelekile kuphela kwezingxenyeni ze-peat. Kepha ukuntuleka kwe-zinc kuvame kakhulu futhi kunqunywa ngamaqabunga ansundu, aqala ukuba nsundu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuchithwa emanzini kukamanyolo owuketshezi wezitshalo zasendlini.
Ukunisela isitshalo endlini ngamanzi ngokufakwa kukamanyolo owuketshezi.
Izembatho ezihlukile eziphezulu zezinhlobo ezahlukene
Isidingo sezakhamzimba ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene sehlukile. Ngakho-ke, ugwadule kanye nezitshalo zasezintabeni zijwayele okuqukethwe okunganele kwezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini futhi zidinga umsoco ococekile wokuhlushwa okuncane. Izitshalo ezivela emahlathini emvula ashisayo zidinga ukugcotshwa kwezakhi zomzimba. Futhi i-cacti, ngokwesibonelo, ibonakala ngesidingo esandayo se-phosphorus.
Kunokwehlukahluka ezidingweni zama-macro- kanye nama-microelements ahlobene nobudala kanye nezigaba zokukhula kwezilimo zasendlini:
- Umanyolo nezakhi ezengeziwe zomzimba kuyadingeka izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo kanye nokuthuthuka kwazo.
- Ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi, ukufaka isicelo somanyolo owengeziwe akwamukeleki, ngaphandle kokuthi isigaba sokuthuthuka sinemibandela futhi isitshalo asikuvimbi ngokuphelele ukukhula kwaso.
- Isikhathi esisheshayo sokuphakelwa sibonisa ukuthi kunama-bulbous, futhi isikhathi eside - kuma-perennials atshanini obomile.
- Izitshalo ezisencane zidinga izakhamzimba eziningi, ikakhulukazi i-phosphorus, uma ziqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezivuthiwe.
- Isidingo sezakhamzimba esigabeni esisebenzayo sokuthuthuka sinamandla amakhulu: ekuqaleni kwesigaba, zonke izitshalo zidinga i-nitrogen kuphela, lapho amaqabunga ekhula kakhulu - potassium, futhi esigabeni sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza - phosphorus ne nitrogen.
Isidingo sezitshalo zezakhi zamakhemikhali ngazinye, okuqukethwe kwazo emhlabathini kunqunywa kuphela yizimpawu zokushoda noma okweqile. Lezi zimpawu kumele zikhunjulwe futhi ziqashelwe ukuze kulungiswe ukwakheka noma uhlobo lomanyolo ngesikhathi. Kepha inkomba enkulu yizimpawu zesitshalo uqobo. Ngempela, inhlobo ngayinye inomhlabathi wayo ofanele, ukwakheka komanyolo, imvamisa nokuvama kokugqoka okuphezulu. Njengomthetho, ukutadisha nokulandela izincomo kuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sizothola zonke izinto ezizidingayo ngenani elifanele.
