I-juniper ejwayelekile iyona evame kakhulu, ejwayelekile, kepha hhayi neze ukuthi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zohlobo olukhulu. Kunzima ukucabanga iqembu lezitshalo ezinabameli bazo abangabukeka njengezihlahla eziyimitha eziyi-10, izihlahlana ezinkulu ezinomqhele we-pyramidal noma we-drooping, kanye nezithambekele eziphansi kakhulu, ezinwabuzelayo zezimo ezifushane.
I-juniper ejwayelekile ingatholwa eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika, e-Asia nasezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Izitshalo zithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo, azithobeki kakhulu futhi zihlala ezimeni ezingathembeki kakhulu iminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa. Ukuqinisela nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle kusize i-juniper yasinda ezinhlekeleleni eziningi zesimo sezulu futhi yasinda kuze kube namuhla.
Ukuchazwa kwejuniper (Juniperus communis)
Ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo, izinhlobo eziningi zejuniper zabonakala zingafani nenye. Izitshalo ezakha ihlosi elingaphansi lamahlathi akhanyayo futhi anamaqabunga akhula ezintabeni nasogwini ayelinywa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ama-botanists akagcinanga ngokuhlanganisa incazelo ephelele yejuniper ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi athuthukise nezinhlobo ezintsha.
Ukuhlukahluka ngosayizi nokubukeka komqhele, izitshalo ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba zazinikeza amafomu azinzile. Ngohlobo lwamagatsha nohlobo lwamahlumela, izitshalo zivame ukuhlukaniswa:
- ngomqhele obanzi we-squat kanye ne-drooping amahlumela f. IPendula;
- ngomqhele obanzi wekholomu futhi amahlumela amancanyana wokudubula f. ISuecica;
- nomqhele omncane, ophansi ngendlela yekholamu f. ICompressa;
- ngomqhele ovulekile, onwebayo umqhele f. I-Depressa;
- ngomqhele omude mpo namagatsha angaphezulu f. IHibernica;
- ngokunwebeka komqhele obanzi f. S.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezibizwa ngemuva kokutholwa noma endaweni yokutholwa.
Njengefomu, umbala womqhele wejuniper uhlukahlukene. Kwisitjalo esijwayelekile salezi zinhlobo, izinaliti ezi-spiny lanceolate ohlangothini lwangaphambili zine-groove ebonakalayo, indawo ecwebezelayo kanye nomucu okhanyayo obonakala ngokusobala. Umbala oyisisekelo wezinaliti ezingamasentimitha owodwa nengxenye ubude lugcwele satjani ngombala oblue. Namuhla, abalimi nabaqambi bemvelo banazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zejuniper ngezinaliti eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma zegolide (ze-Aurea) amahlumela amasha.
Amagatsha alolu hlobo lwe-juniper ambozwe ngegxolo elibomvu, elijika liphenduke ansundu ngeminyaka bese liqala ukuphuma kuzinkuni. Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi, izitshalo zithola ithuba lokusakazwa kwembewu. Ngemuva kokuvundiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo zabesifazane, nxazonke, kwakhiwa amajikijolo aminyene, afihla imbewu emithathu ngayinye nokuvuthwa ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokuqhuma.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zejuniper
Izinhlobo zasendle zejuniper ziye zaba ngumhlabathi ovundile womsebenzi wabalimi.
Ngokwesisekelo sejuniper ejwayelekile, izinhlobo eziningi zitholakele, ezivame ukubekwa ngosayizi wesitshalo nokukhula kwazo:
- AmaJunipers, engeza amasentimitha angama-30 unyaka ngamunye, abhekwa njengabantu abadala ngokugcwele.
- Izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo zikhula ngamasentimitha ayi-15 noma ngaphezulu ngesizini.
- Ukukhula kwaminyaka yonke kwamjunipers amancane kunama-8-15 cm.
- Ama-junipers ezinhlobo ezincanyana akhulisa usayizi wawo kungabi ngaphezu kwama-8 cm.
- Amanani akhula aphansi ezitshalweni ezivela eqenjini elincane, akhula ngo-1-3 cm ngonyaka.
Izinhlobo zejuniper ezinamagatsha aqeshwayo ngokuvamile azihlangani kunoma yiliphi iqembu, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuya ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho-ke imvelo idala izitshalo ezikhethekile, ezikhalela.
Juniper ezejwayelekile Horstmann (Horstmann)
Isibonelo salokho okuxakile, ukwakheka kwe-asymmetrical yisidunjana esitholakala ezigungwini zaseJalimane. Isitshalo esinezilinganiso zokukhula ezijwayelekile eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokutshala sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5-2,5. Noma ekuqaleni kokukhula amahlumela aqondiswe phezulu, andisa, afisa, akha umqhele wokuqala wejuniper Horstmann ejwayelekile. Lesi sitshalo esithanda ukukhanya futhi esingenakukholwa sinezinaliti eziluhlaza eziluhlaza okotshani, eziqhekeka emagatsheni amadala.
Emklamweni we-landscape, i-juniper yalokhu okuhlukahlukene ihlala iyisizinda sokuqanjwa, idonsela amehlo futhi yenze imicabango emangalisa yemvelo.
I-Juniper Repanda ejwayelekile (iRepanda)
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zejuniper yis shrub enomqhele osicaba, oyindilinga noma onwabuzelayo. Ukuphakama kwejuniper yejuniper ejwayelekile akudluli ku-30 ​​cm, kepha ububanzi bawo bungamagatsha akhule abe ububanzi bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezivela e-Ireland zingakwazi ukubekezelela ama-degrees angamashumi amane weqhwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu zomonakalo, kepha esimweni sezulu sasemazweni wonke sezihlahla zingahlaselwa ukoma komoya ngokweqile. Ngokusho kwencazelo, umjunipha ojwayelekile walolu hlobo unezinaliti ezigobe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ngaphansi kwesentimitha ubude. Umqhele uluhlaza ngombala wesiliva owenziwe ngemivimbo ekhanyayo ngezinaliti.
Ikhaphethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ejwayelekile (Ikhaphethi eluhlaza)
Ngendlela, i-juniper Green Carpet ejwayelekile isondele kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zeRepanda. Igama laso liqukethe kahle kakhulu. Impela, isihlahlana esikhula ngokulinganayo senza ikhaphethi eluhlaza enobude obungama-10-15 cm kuphela. Ngenxa yesitshalo esigaxekile, asesabi ubusika obubandayo, ayihlushwa umoya futhi ingamelana namaqhwa aze afike ku-−40 ° C.
Juniper ezejwayelekile Hibernica (Hibernica)
Enye inhlobonhlobo ye-juniperus vulgaris enesimo sephiramidi noma ikholamu emincane. Lesi sitshalo sisekuyiminyaka ecishe ibe ngama-200. I-shrub iyaziswa ngenxa yezinaliti ezigqamile zobusika, ezingathisi ubusika kanye nomqhele omnyama owakhiwe ngokukhula amahlumela. Umjunipha osemdala ufinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amane kuya kwayi-8, ukuhlobisa ingadi ngenaliti eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungewona obukhali unyaka wonke.
Ezimweni zaseRussia, i-juniper ejwayelekile iHibernika ayihlali ebusika yonke indawo. Ukumelana nesithwathwa kwesitshalo ngu-17 ° C.
UJuniper Arnold (Arnold) ojwayelekile
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla somuntu esidala sale nhlobonhlobo akudluli imitha elilodwa noma amabili. Izitshalo ze-Arnold juniper zihlukaniswa ukwakheka okufana nendawo, okufana nekholamu noma ukwakhiwa kwepiramidi, ukukhuphuka kwamamitha ayi-10 kuphela ngonyaka, kanye nezinaliti ezimfushane zohlobo oluhlaza oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
UJuniper Mayer ojwayelekile (iMeya)
Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umfuyi wezitshalo waseJalimane u-Erich Mayer uthole izinhlobonhlobo zejuniper ngomqhele obanzi, onjengephiramidi. Isihlahla esithanda ukukhanya nesithwathwa yiqhwa sikhula sibe ngamamitha amathathu bese siqanjwa ngegama lomenzi.
Phakathi kwabaklami bemvelo nabathandi bezitshalo ze-coniferous, i-juniper Meyer ejwayelekile iyaziswa ngenxa yomqhele wokuhlobisa nezinaliti eziluhlaza zesiliva ezimboze. Izinaliti ezi-Spiky ezinobuso obucwebezelayo zifana nezinaliti ze-spruce, zenze ukuba i-juniper ifane ne-conifer ethandwayo.
IJuniper ezejwayelekile iSuecica (iSuecica)
Okuvamile engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu neRussia, i-juniper Suecica ejwayelekile ayigcini ijamo elilodwa le-pyramidal. Ishlahla sakha iziqu eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, sifinyelele ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-10 lapho zivuthwa. Umqhele oyingqayizivele uqukethe abaningi abaqondile, bangene emikhawulweni yamagatsha. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinokukhula okuncane konyaka, ubusika obuqinile bokuqina kanye nezimfanelo ezinhle zokuhlobisa kuthola kalula indawo ekwakhiweni kwamakhethini ehlobo, amapaki nezigcawu zedolobha.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-juniper ejwayelekile
I-juniper ejwayelekile iyisitshalo esihlala sihlala sinezithombe eziwubuchwepheshe, okuthi, ngenxa yokungabinakho, sinezimpande emthunzini okhethiwe. Efulethini lasehlobo, lesi sitshalo sithathwa indawo enelanga, ivikelekile endaweni yomoya inenhlabathi ekhanyayo nenempilo.
Izihlahla zidluliselwa emhlabathini entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, noma ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuba kufike iqhwa. Ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kwejuniper ejwayelekile ngemuva kokutshala, umgodi ulungiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ngaphansi komgodi, kukhulu kunesistimu yezimpande yesihlahla, kufakwe ungqimba lwamanzi ama-chip wezitini, isihlabathi noma ubumba olwandisiwe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho ingxube ilungiswa ngesisekelo somhlaba we-turf, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat ngokufakwa kobumba.
- Umanyolo weNitrogen-phosphorus ungezwa enhlabathini njengokudla okwengeziwe.
- Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, kufakwa ufulawa we-dolomite kuyo.
- Ukufakwa emalangeni kwenziwa ngezinsuku eziyi-10 - 15, lapho inhlabathi ihlala.
- Isithombo emgodini sibekwa ukuze intamo yezimpande ingamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi noma ibhebhetheke nayo.
- Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umgodi, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa futhi iniselwe amanzi, bese umbuthano uvundiswe kakhulu.
Ukuchazwa kwejuniper ejwayelekile kufaka phakathi ukuvezwa kokungathandeki kwesitshalo. Lokhu kunjalo,-ke, ukunakekela isihlahla akunzima. Ngezikhathi zokutshala ezishisayo zinisela. Gcina ithoni yayo yokuhlobisa nezinaliti zokuhlobisa kuzosiza ukunisela kwayo.
Ukutshala kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kwejuniper kuqukethe ukulima okungashoni, ukhula kanye nokugqoka okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo ngosizo lwezingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlobisa ama-conifers. Uma isitshalo sitshalwe emhlabathini onamatshe noma esihlabathini, umanyolo usetshenziswa kaningi.
Uma izitshalo ezitshalwe esakhiweni zizoba uthango, ukugunda izinwele okuvamile kodwa okunembile kuyenziwa. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo ukuze ukwanda okuholela ebusika kube namandla.
Ama-junipers awakhuli ngokushesha okungaka, ngakho-ke izihlahla ezingalungile ziyozikhumbuza isikhathi eside. Ukutshala nezitshalo ezinwabuzelayo azisiki.
Ekwindla, baphatha ukuthuthwa kwendle kwejuniper ejwayelekile, bahlanze inhlabathi yemfucumfucu yesitshalo, bafafaze isihlahlana nenhlabathi engaphansi kwayo nge-Bordeaux ewuketshezi noma esinye isikhunta. Izitshalo zabantu abadala ezivumelaniswa nobusika esifundeni esithile azihlali ebusika. Imiqhele yamajunipers asemancane ihlanganiswe ne-twine, embozwe ngamagatsha e-spruce futhi ifafazwe yiqhwa.
