I-plunok yasendulo, noma i-selaginella

Amaplaunks ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi amadala kakhulu futhi angenye yezindlu "ezingajwayelekile". I-Selaginella ikhule ku-isiko lembiza nanjengeziphuzo ezincane zama-miniature. Lezi ubuhle basendulo ukunqoba nge Palette emnandi futhi ukuthungwa lacy, kwasekuqaleni isidalwa amahlamvu emaphethelweni kanye imicamelo, ngobuningi bayo kunzima ukuncintisana nabanye abavikela inhlabathi ingaphakathi. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ubuhle obuluhlaza balesi sitshalo bumenze waba nedumela elihle kakhulu kwezitshalo zekhaphethi ezingakhula ezimbizeni.

Selaginella (Selaginella). © floradania

Tshala unedumela elihle

Isitshalo sasendlini selaginella (selaginella) emndenini wegama elifanayo, elaziwa ngabaningi ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile le-plunok, futhi phakathi kwamagadango wama-amateur athandwa ngokuthi "ama-ferns ekhaphethi" - lokhu kungukuphela kommeli osindile we-plunok, iqembu lasendulo lezitshalo ezivela esikhathini sangaphambi kwembizo. ISelaginella ibizwa kufanele ngokuthi izitshalo ze "fossil", umlando wazo unamakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka ubudala. Kepha naphezu kwendalo yakudala, ngokwesiko lamagumbi babalwa kahle neqembu lama-exotic, futhi nama-exotic athanda amanzi.

Ama-Selaginella angamakhambi e-herbaceous anezinwakazi ezinwabuzelayo noma ezikhuphukayo, eziningi ngendlela yokukhula kwazo ezimangazayo. I-Adela selaginella ngeke idlule ku-10 cm ukuphakama, noma ngokungafani namafomu egumbi, emvelo angakhula afike kumamitha ambalwa. Izimpande zemisuka zisuka amahlumela ku-plunger. Amaqabunga amancane angajwayelekile nobuningi bokukhula shazi enza kube nokwenzeka ukubona ukuthi isitshalo singokwamasiko akudala kakhulu wesikhathi sangaphambi kokukhula.

AmaSelaginella ama-exotic asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni engezansi angakheka njengamakhaphethi, njengamatshe aminyene amangalisayo futhi amangalisayo, okubuye kukhumbuzane ngokuhlaza kwama-coral. Amaqabunga e-plunks mancane kakhulu, acwebile, ububanzi abudluli ku-0,5 cm, kepha ngenxa yokuhleleka kwemigqa emibili noma emine nephethini ebunjiwe, akha ama-vaiyas amahle amahle ahlangana ngempela nama-corals, ama-conifers noma ama-ferns . I-Openwork patterning iguqula izimbotshana zibe izintambo zikanokusho eziluhlaza okotshani, ongazithanda ngokungapheli. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, amahlamvu athambile athambile we-selaginella angaba aqhakaze kakhulu noma abe mnyama kakhulu noma aqhakaze kakhulu, aluhlaza okotshani noma acishe abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, acwebezelayo noma uMatte, onombala ofanayo, amaphethini athambile we-motley noma ushintsho lwe-watercolor ukusuka ukukhanya kuye kumnyama.

Selaginella (Selaginella).

Izinhlobo zeSelaginella

ISelaginella inezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu. Kepha ezinhlotsheni zemvelo ezingaphezu kwama-300 egumbini nasendaweni yokushisa abamba ukushisa, kuphela izinhlobo ezingama-25 kuphela ezitshaliwe. Cishe izimbili zazo ziyizitshalo ezingandile, kanti izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela ze-selaginella zithole ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kumaqoqo angasese naphakathi kwabatshali bezimbali abajwayelekile:

Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zangaphakathi ze-selaginella zibizwa kufanele selaginella martens (Selaginella martensii) Isembozo esijabulisayo esinokuphakama okuphelele okungamasentimitha angama-30 ngobuhle be-lacy, okuluhlaza okotshani, amaqabunga amancane akha amaphethini amahle ngokumangalisa amahlumela. Le selaginella ithunyelwa ngamagatsha aqondile, alele kuphela ngesikhathi, ekhulula izimpande zasemoyeni. Amahlumela afana ne-waiyi ferns noma amakhorali, amaqabunga mancane futhi aluhlaza okotshani. Kunefomu elihlukile elimhlophe-lesiliva le-watsoniana (noma kunjalo, amathiphu kuphela weziqu apendwe amhlophe kulo).
Selaginella Krauss (Selaginella kraussiana) ukhiqiza amahlumela amaningi isikhathi eside, aze afike ku-25-30 cm, aguquguqukayo, adedele ukuphuma kwezimpande futhi adale amakhaphethi angajwayelekile.
Amoyizela selaginella (Selaginella uncinata) igudla ngombala obukhazikhazi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka obuluhlaza obuluhlaza okotshani, obonakala uligugu ngempela ngenxa yohlelo olunamandla kakhulu lwamahlumela we- "fluffy" ku-turf namaqabunga ama-coniferous amancane.
Selaginella Vildenova (Selaginella willdenowii) ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, kukhula izihlahla ezinamathela, amagatsha awo aqine kakhulu, acwebile, abushelelezi, anamacembe amancanyana. Uhlobo lwe-branching kanye namaqabunga kukhumbuza amahlumela amaConifers amancane. Loluhlobo luvame ukukhula kakhulu kuma-ampel. Umbala oluhlaza ogqamile wamahlumela ngokwawo uhlanganiswe kamnandi ngethoni eluhlaza yamahlamvu.
USelaginella ongenamlenze (Selaginella apoda) luhlobo lophansi kakhulu lwe-selaginella lokwenza ukhaphethi ominyene omnyama, lapho amaqabunga angaqhekeki khona emhlabathini, kepha eshwabene. Lesi sitshalo se-mossy esine-turf obukhulu, elungele ama-ampels.
Okuyinqaba futhi okungajwayelekile kakhulu kuzo zonke izitshalo zasendlini ezingaphakathi selaginella scaly (Selaginella lepidophylla) I-selaginella enjalo ivame ukuthengiswa ngohlobo lwebhola elomile eliza ngokoqobo empilweni futhi livule emanzini. Umile ubonakala womile, uhlanganisiwe, ungenampilo ngokuphelele, lapho ucwiliswa emanzini, uguqula ngokomlingo futhi ube musha, ube luhlaza futhi muhle ngokumangalisayo. Ngomswakama ophansi, lobu buhle baphenduka ibhola eyomile ngokushesha okukhulu: amahlumela aze afike ku-10 cm ubude agobekile, asontekile, futhi isitshalo sibonakala sisondele futhi sigoqeka, sakha umphetho. Ukuze kube namandla okuguqula ngemuva kokumiswa ngokuphelele, i-selaginella eyingozi yaqanjwa ngokuthi "iJeriko rose" noma "isitshalo sokuvusa."
Selaginella Swiss (Selaginella helvetica) yakha izimfudu ezivulekile ezivela kwenyoka, amagatsha amancanyana ambozwe amaqabunga ama-curly. Amacembe ahlelwe ngokulandelana, ukuze iphethini ikhethini libukeke linemifanekiso emangalisayo. Le selaginella igqamile ngombala okhanyayo futhi ishiya izimbangela zibhekabheka.

ISelaginella empeleni ayiguquki phakathi nonyaka futhi asikho isikhathi sokuphumula esiveziwe ekukhuleni kwabo. ISelaginella imvamisa ikhuliswa hhayi njengezitshalo zasendlini ezijwayelekile, kepha ezindaweni ezisebenzisa izimbali, imibukiso yezimbali, ama-florariums, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezingaphakathi endlini, izithombo zokugcina izithombo, izingadi zasebusika ngisho nezingadi zebhodlela. Lezi zitshalo zasendulo zithanda izimo zomswakama ophezulu futhi zivame ukufakwa kumaqoqo akhethekile ama-exotic asezindaweni ezishisayo, izitshalo ezinendawo evamile nokuvezwa kwamasiko angavamile.

Ukunakekelwa kweSelaginella ekhaya

ISelaginella ilungele kuphela abalimi abanolwazi abafuna ukukhulisa amaqoqo ezitshalo ezingandile ezinezimo ezingejwayelekile, ezinzima ukuphinda zisebenze. Kepha izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, ngokunakekelwa okuhle, zingatshalwa njengezitshalo ezijwayelekile zasendlini. Ubunzima obukhulu ukuqinisekisa umbuso okhululekile womswakama womabili ongaphansi nomoya. Akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa lesi siko esingaphakathi kwendlu ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngokuphelele nokunaka kakhulu. Kodwa ngaphezu komswakama, azikho izimo ezinzima ezizodingeka zibuyiselwe selaginella, ayifuni zombili izimo zokukhanya nezinga lokushisa.

Selaginella Martens (Selaginella martensii). © Alice Chodura

Sokiwe Selaginella (Selaginella uncinata). © Evan Chak

ISelaginella Wildenova (Selaginella willdenowii). © Pete The Poet

Ukukhanyisela uSelaginella

Lo mfishane wasendlini wasendulo onokubukeka okhethekile ubalwa kahle phakathi kwezitshalo zangaphakathi ezithembeke kakhulu. Zonke i-selaginella zingatshalwa ngempumelelo efanayo ekukhanyisweni okukhanyayo kwemvelo nokwenziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokukhanya ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinkomba ezikhululekile alithinti ukuhehwa kokuluhlaza okotshani. Ama-Selaginella asenkambini yegumbi awakwazi ukubonwa njengamasiko abekezelela umthunzi, awakwazi ukubekezelela isithunzi esiminyene, kepha azizwa emuhle kunoma yikuphi ukukhanya okuvela emthunzini oyingxenye okhanyayo kuya endaweni ehlakazekile ekhanyayo. I-Selaginella ayithandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izitshalo zidinga ukuvikeleka kuzo ngezikrini ezikhethekile noma ngokubekwa ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili ze-selaginella ukuthi ziyabekezelela ukuguquguquka, ukushintshwa kokukhanya, akudingi ukunxephezela ukuncishiswa kwesizini ekukhanyeni ebusika futhi kugcinwe izimo ezizinzile ngokukhanya okwengeziwe.

Ukushisa okunethezekayo

Ukuze uphumelele ukukhula nge-selaginella, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile ukushisa komoya. Wonke ama-punches athanda izimo zokushisa ezinzile ebangeni kusuka ekushiseni kwama-18 kuye kwangama-20. Amaconsi esikhashana noma ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa akuyona into embi kubo, kepha ukushisa nezimo ezipholile zihlala zithinta amahlamvu wokuhlobisa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elivumelekile lingu-12 degrees.

ISelaginella ayibekezeleli ngisho okusalungiswa okuncane, ngisho nangezikhathi ezifudumele zonyaka. Lezi zitshalo zivikeleka kangcono emifudlaneni yomoya lapho zingena ngaphakathi emagcekeni, zibekwe ezindaweni ezintofontofo kakhulu, ezinzile, ezivikelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukuthatha abaphangi emoyeni omusha.

USelaginella Krauss (Selaginella kraussiana). © Megan Hansen

I-Selaginella engenamlenze (i-Selaginella apoda). © uFrancis Ackerley

I-Swiss Selaginella (Selaginella helvetica). © Vojtěch Zavadil

Ukunisela nomswakama

Emvelweni, i-selaginella ingakhula zombili ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, nasenhlabathini eswakeme, enamanzi, futhi ibekezelela ukucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini. Kepha ngokwesiko lamagumbi, abavikeli benhlabathi yasendulo empeleni balahlekelwa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomswakama ohlukahlukene. Ziseyizitshalo ezi-hygrophilous, kepha ziba nezwela lomswakama we-substrate ngezilimo ezingeke zikubekezelele ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokumanzana kanye nokomisa ngokweqile i-substrate.

Akulula ukukhetha imodi yokukhanya yomswakama efanelekayo kuzo zonke izihloko. Inhlabathi esembizeni kufanele ihlale inomswakama omncane, phakathi kokunisela okungaphezulu, kepha hhayi ukuthi ungqimba oluphakathi lomhlabathi kufanele lome. Ukuze uqinisekise okuqukethwe okuhle kwalezi zitshalo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa yonke impahla yohlelo lwezimpande lwazo olunamagatsha anamanzi, futhi olungenakulinganiswa, ngenxa yokuthi i-selaginella ikwazi ukulawula ngokuzimela ubukhulu bezinga lomswakama ongaphansi. Kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu: kungcono ukufaka esikhundleni sokunisela okungokoqobo kwabasebenza ngamapulangwe ngokuchelela okuphansi noma okukhulayo ezitsheni ngomsebenzi wokunisela othomathikhi nezimbiza ezimbili. Njengoba izitshalo ngokwazo zizonquma ubungako bomswakama, zikhululekile ezimeni ezithile, uzobeka eceleni ubungozi bokuqina kwamanzi endaweni engaphansi noma nesomiso esiphelele.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha amanzi afanele okunisela kwe-selaginella. Kulezi zitshalo, ungasebenzisa kuphela amanzi athambile, asezinze okungenani izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi anezici ezifanayo kufanele asetshenziselwe ukunisela kanye nokufafaza izitshalo.

Ngokungafani nomswakama womhlabathi olinganiselayo, ama-selaginella akhetha umswakama ophakeme kakhulu. Badinga ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezishisayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Okukhululekile kakhulu kulezi zitshalo kubhekwa njengezinkomba ezingama-80%. Umswakama ugcinwa kungaba ngokufafaza izihlahla kuze kube kathathu ngosuku, noma ngesifutho esisodwa, esenezelwa ukufakwa kwamathreyi anama-moss emanzi, ubumba olwandisiwe, amatshe amatshe noma imishini ekhethekile yokuswilisa.

I-Selaginella scaly (Selaginella lepidophylla). © Christopher

Ukondla uSelaginella

Umanyolo weSelaginella uyadingeka kuphela phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, lapho izitshalo zikhula ngenkuthalo amahlamvu amasha, futhi ukukhanya kukhanya kakhulu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lokugqoka oluphambili olunenqubo evame ukwenziwa kanye njalo emavikini ama-2 kubavikeli benhlabathi basendulo. I-Selaginella ibonakala ngesidingo esinciphile sezakhamzimba, ngakho-ke umthamo wamanyolo anconywe ngumenzi uhlala unqanyulwa.

Umanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezinqumayo ezinokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu kufaneleka kakhulu amapulangwe.

Transplant, iziqukathi kanye substrate

Izakhi ezikhethekile kufanele zikhethwe kulesi sitshalo. Ingxube yenhlabathi ene-acidity engathathi hlangothi, i-pH kusuka ku-5.0 iye ku-6.0, enezingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat ilungele kangcono i-selaginella. Okuphoqelekile kubo wukuhlanganiswa kwe-moss oqoshiwe. Kepha into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi igcina umswakama kahle, kuyilapho ukukhanya kusasele futhi kushiyeka.

Ngokungafani nezitshalo eziningi zasendlini, i-selaginella ekhula kancane ayidingi ukufakelwa minyaka yonke, kodwa cishe njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Ibonisa isidingo sokufakelwa: ukugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi okugcwele endizeni evundlile, ukudonsa amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ngasemaphethelweni ebhodwe. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu kwentwasahlobo.

Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngomgomo wokubuyiselwa kwenhlabathi okuyingxenye. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo ziphume esitsheni esidala, zisusa ngokucophelela ungqimba olungaphansi lwe-substrate, zizama ukungathinti nezimpande ezincane kakhulu. E-selaginella, uhlelo lwempande luncane, kepha lumile futhi luhlotshiswe kakhulu, lwenza uhlobo lwefudu eliminyene elifana netshani lezinhlamvu zasengadini. Futhi uma kuncane ukuxhumana nezimpande, ngcono ukuthi ipulaki izodlulisa inqubo yokufakelwa. Kulesi siko, amanzi aphezulu kakhulu abekwe phansi phansi kwethangi, okufanele athathe kufinyelela ku-1/3 ukuphakama kwembiza.

Amandla we-selaginella nawo akhethwe ngokuya ngemigomo engajwayelekile. Kufanele zibe banzi, kepha zingaphakeme, kepha futhi zingabi banzi kakhulu, zanele i-selaginella ukubamba yonke indiza evundlile eminyakeni emi-2. Kepha lesi sitshalo sikuvumela ukuthi uthathe iziqukathi zesimo nesitayela esingajwayelekile (ezinezimbobo ezinhle zokudonsa)

Izifo zeSelaginella nezinambuzane

Ngokuqukethwe okulungile, i-selaginella ingaba isitshalo esingahlaseli ngaphakathi endlini esimelana nezinambuzane nezifo noma ngabe "omakhelwane" baso bagula. Kepha uma wephula okungenani eyodwa yemigomo yokunakekela lesi sitshalo, ingathikamezeka kakhulu izibungu zesicabucabu nezinye izinambuzane ezikhiqiza ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophansi. Ukubekwa phansi kwenhlabathi kwenhlabathi kuholela ekusabalalisweni kokubola.

Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhuliseni:

amaqabunga omile, aqhekeke, abe ngama-sparse kakhulu, aphenduke apende, bese amahlumela akhishwe lapho kunokukhanya okunganele, kukhula emthunzini omnyama kakhulu;
ukukhula kwezitshalo akukhona noma kubambezeleka ezingeni elinganele lokufaka umquba;
amaqabunga ayajika abe ophuzi, abe yi-discolour lapho evezwa ukukhanya kwelanga;
imifino igoqwe, igoqwe noma kukhubazeke ngokungaphelele;
amaqabunga aba buthambile lapho i-substrate ikhethwe ngokungesikho kanti inhlabathi iminyene kakhulu;
ukufiphalisa nokushona kwamaqabunga kuyabonakala ezimeni ezivuthayo kakhulu

Ukusakazwa kweSelaginella

Ifomu leSelaginella libonisa emacembe afana namaferns. Kepha bangasabalalisa izitshalo kuphela ezimeni zezimboni, ngoba inqubo ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi idinga ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe. Ezilweni ezingaphakathi ekhaya, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokukhiqiza kabusha kubhekwa njengento eyamukelekayo - ukwahlukanisa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa.

Njalo emva kweminyaka emibili, lapho yonke i-selaginella idluliselwa ezitsheni ezintsha bese i-substrate ishintshwa, izihlahla eziwugqinsi zalesi sitshalo zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezihlukile, ezingasuswa kalula, inqobo nje uma isisekelo sendawo sizinzile ngokuswakama futhi umswakama womoya uphakeme. Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlukanise hhayi izingxenye zodod, kepha izingxenye zama-rhizomes anobude obuyi-5 cm nokuzitshala kusuka kuma-5 ama-pcs esitsheni esisodwa. Vele, kulula ukuhlukanisa nje isihlahla esikhulu kube izitshalo ezincane ezingama-2-3. Lapho abahlukanisi bezoba bakhulu, kuzoba ngcono, kepha izingxenye ezincane zamapulangwe zihambisana ngokuphelele.