Ukukhula okusheshayo, cishe okuqhakaza njalo okuhlala njalo futhi njalo kubukeka kahle amabhakhithiliya abukeka kahle njengenye yezitshalo zasendlini ezingcono kakhulu zabaqali bokuqala. Izibani ezikhanyayo ezinhle ezisasithokozisa ogogo bethu, futhi namuhla izakhamizi ezifiselekayo ngama-sill windows, ama-loggias kanye neziza zasengadini. Baphendula ekunakekelweni okulula ngokwakhiwa kwamahlamvu amasha nokukhanya kwamahlamvu.
Kepha lesi sitshalo esingenambulelo kwesinye isikhathi siba yisisulu sezilokazane nezinambuzane zezifo ezahlukahlukene. Iziphi izingozi ezisongela imbali yebhalsamu? Ungazibona kanjani, futhi uma kudingeka, zinikeze ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezihlobisa umhlobiso?
Imvamisa, izizathu zokwenza buthaka isilwane esiluhlaza, ukuncipha kwawo noma ukunqamuka kokukhula yizizathu zokungaziboni izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa noma ukunganakwa. Emvelweni, ama-balsamu ahlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, lapho kungekho khona ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa futhi, ikakhulukazi, isithwathwa.
Amazinga okushisa aphansi avunyelwe imbali yebhalsamu ngu-13 ° C, uma ibhalsamu yangaphakathi noma engadini ihlotshiswe ngamahlamvu ahlukahlukene, khona-ke umoya akufanele upholisiswe ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuqhakaza ngezimbali ngu-18-20 ° C. Ekamelweni elishisayo, izimbali ziwe ngokushesha, nokwakheka kwama-buds amasha kunciphisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu azinakugwenywa.
Shono ibhalsamu kusukela ngesikhathi sakudala libizwa ngeVanka Wet. Izitshalo azigxeki kuphela ukomisa kwenhlabathi, kodwa futhi nomoya omanzi.
Ukubuza umbuzo: "Kungani amaqabunga ebhalsamu ewa?", Umlimi kumele ahlaziye ukuthi yiziphi izimo imbali ekuyo. Ukusebenza kokushisa kokushisa kuthinta konke okushisa kwegumbi kanye nomswakama womoya. Uma liphansi, liba namandla ngokwanele ukuhwamuka kwamaqabunga, futhi ibhalsamu liba buthaka ngokushesha. Ukomisa imvamisa kwenhlabathi kuholela kulokhu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuqhakaza nokukhula kwamahlumela amasha kuvinjelwe, futhi amaqabunga, aqala kwabaphansi, aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Lesi simo kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswa izinambuzane kanye nemikhaza.
Ukwehla ngokweqile kokushisa komoya nakho kuyisici esingesihle. Ibhalsamu ayikubekezeleli ngisho nokupholisa kwesikhashana, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuhlanza izitshalo ezithathwe ziye engadini noma kuvulandi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo ebusuku.
Izifo zebhalsamu nokwelashwa kwazo
Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, isidingo somswakama sincishisiwe, ngakho-ke ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, ungakugweme ukubonakala kokubola, abanye, njengoba kusesithombeni, izifo kanye nezinambuzane zama-balsamu.
Phakathi kwezifo zebhalsamu, i-Downy isikhutha iyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni ngaphandle.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ubhubhane lwangempela lwalesi sifo lwahlasela amabhalsamu e-United States. Ukutheleleka kufake isandla ku:
- isimo sezulu esipholile;
- ukugcwala okugcwele, lapho umswakama awunaso isikhathi sokuphuma kumphezulu wenhlabathi;
- ukunakwa okunganele ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo.
Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibangelwa isikhunta esiyingozi zivele emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-16-16 C ku-100% umswakama. Amagciwane anomswakama angena ezicutshini zamaqabunga, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa imbali yebhalsamu enempilo iguqulwe. Okokuqala, umucu omhlophe uvela ngemuva kwamaqabunga, bese kuba mnyama bese uwa.
Amahlamvu amasha akhula mancane, noma ukukhula kuyeka ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphela izinsalela ezingasebenzi ze amahlumela kuphela ezisasele kumabhalsamu aqhakaza izimbali. Ukuvimbela ukufa kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokupholisa:
- ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela;
- vikela ama-bhalithamini emazingeni aqandayo;
- thatha izinyathelo zokunikeza umoya egumbini.
Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi sifo, wonke ama-balsamu ahlaselwe yilesi sifo ayasuswa, futhi izitshalo ngaphandle komonakalo obonakalayo ziphathwa nge-fungicides e-systemic.
Izisulu zamagciwane akhubazayo zivame ukuba ngamabhalsamu, ziphoqelelwe ukuba zikhule emhlabathini omanzi ngokweqile.
Isici esengeziwe esiba nesandla ekusakazweni kwesikhunta esiyingozi nama-microorganisms ukuncishiswa komoya. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izitshalo zidinga umswakama omncane, izinqubo zazo ze-metabolic kanye nokukhula kwehla kancane.
Ukujikeleza kuthinta iziqu ngokuhlangana nenhlabathi, kanye namaqabunga nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. Umdubulo onegciwane noma isiqu seqabunga siphenduka nsundu, sinciphe size sife. Kufanele kunakwe kakhulu isifo sebhalsamu nasekwelashweni kwaso uma ukutholakala kwe-gili kutholakala kuma-specimens amancane kanye nezithombo kuphela ezakha izimpande.
Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ukusika okulungiselelwe ukubamba imbangela kuphathwa nge-fungic ehlelekile, bese kwenziwa kabusha ukwelashwa lapho sekutshalwa, ungakhohlwa ukunisela umhlabathi kahle phansi kwesisekelo ngethuluzi.
Izinambuzane, izimbuzane kanye nezifo zebhalsamu
Imbali yebhalsamu ayigcini ngokuthanda umswakama, kodwa futhi ifuna ukukhanyisa. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga:
- amahlumela aqala ukwelula, abe mncane;
- ukukhula kwamahlamvu kuncipha;
- Ama-buds abekwe kahle futhi avulwa.
Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nakho ngeke kulethe ubuhle nempilo kusiko lokuhlobisa. Imbali yebhalsamu ilahlekelwa umswakama ngokushesha, inkambo yemvelo yezinqubo ze-metabolic iyaphazamiseka, isitshalo siba buthaka ngokungenakuphikwa.
Izimpawu ezifanayo zingabonakala ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, lapho lesi sitshalo singazange sidluliselwe isikhathi eside noma singavundiswa. Njengokuhlala isikhathi eside emoyeni owomile, lokhu kungaheha ibhalsamu elivuthayo, njengasesithombeni, izifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Ungafunda ngokuhlaselwa kwama-bipsam e-thrips ngokushintshwa kwesimo samahlamvu asencane eziqongweni zamahlumela kanye noshintsho ekubukekeni kwephuzu lokukhula. Lapho ukutheleleka kukhula, ukubukeka kwezimbali zebhalsamu nakho kuyashintsha. Imiphetho yamacembe iba yomile, ibe nsundu, futhi maphakathi ne-corolla izimbangela zesifo sesitshalo ziyahlukaniseka kalula.
Ama-thrips ayingozi ephindwe kabili, ngoba awenzi buthaka kuphela imbali, ayiphange futhi ayivimbe ukuthi ikhule, lezi zinambuzane zithwala igciwane le-mosaic - esinye isifo sebhalsamu.
Izinhlobo ezintsha zithambekele ekutheleleni ngegciwane kunabantu abadala. Izimpawu zokuqala zokuba khona kwezinambuzane ziyaqashelwa, futhi ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinambulala zinambuzane kuqalile, kuphakama amathuba okuphulukiswa nokulondolozwa kwesiko lokuhlobisa.
Izitshalo ezithintekile zihlukaniswa zodwa, futhi izingxenye ezilimele zesihlahla ziyachithwa. Ukufafaza kuphindwa kaninginingi, njalo ezinsukwini ezi-4 kuya kweziyi-5, kuze kube yilapho izinambuzane ziphathwa ngazo zonke izigaba zokukhula.
Ama-aphid ahlala ebhalsamu ngaphandle, kanye nama-thrips, anegalelo ekusakazweni kwamagciwane ahlukahlukene ezitshalweni ezibangela isifo sodaka. Ingazibonakalisa ngesimo sezindawo ezinemibala ehlukene nobukhulu, kancane kancane iholele ekomeni nasekubuneni kwezimbali namaqabunga.
Akunakwenzeka ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithintekile, ngakho-ke ziyachithwa futhi kubhekelwa ngokukhethekile ezenzweni zokuvimbela, okungukuthi, ukulawula izinsalela zezinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwama-aphid nama-thrips, ama-nematode enhlabathi, ama-whiteflies kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zemikhaza asongela ibhalsamu.
Ukususa izinambuzane ezincelisayo, sebenzisa ama-inicctides ama-systemic noma amakhambi asekhaya afakazelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ama-herbal infusions. Kepha imikhaza, "izivakashi" ezivame kakhulu kumabhalsamu, zidinga indlela ehlukile.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane zama-balsizifo nezifo zazo, i-spider mite iyisitha esihlasela kakhulu futhi esiyingozi sesiko lokuhlobisa. Izimpawu zokubonakala kwayo kulula ukuziqaphela uma uhlola ngokucophelela:
- ama-internode;
- i-petioles yamaqabunga;
- izinhlangothi ezingemuva zamapuleti amaqabunga.
Ngokungezelela kwama-cobwebs acishe abe mancane futhi amancanyana kunawo, aze afike ku-0.5 millimeter long yellowites mites, umnikazi webhalsamu uzobona ukuthi isitshalo sesidukile, amaqabunga aphelelwe yisifiso, futhi nokuqhakaza kwezimbali kunciphile kakhulu.
Ukusakazeka kwesicabucabu nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane kunomthelela ekushiseni komoya okuphezulu nomswakama ophansi. Uma wehlisa ijubane ngezinyathelo zokulawula, amahlumela, amaqabunga kanye nezinhlamvu zama-balsamu agcwele imikhaza kuzombozwa ngamagxolo angaphili, lesi sitshalo siyobe buthaka futhi singafa.
Ukuqaphele ukuthi kukhona izinambuzane ezimbalini yebhalsamu, izingxenye zesitshalo ezilimele kakhulu ziyanqunywa, bese ezinye ziphathwa ngamanzi anensipho. Kungcono ukusebenzisa insipho eluhlaza okotshani noma yelebhu. Igwebu elisetshenziselwe lesi sitshalo liyahlanzwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-5-7, kuthi ngemuva kwesonto inqubo iphindwe. Uma izinga lokutheleleka liphezulu, ungakugweme ukusetshenziswa kwama-acaricides, ngokwesibonelo, iFitoverm, iVertimek nezinye izidakamizwa.
Ngaphezu kwama-cobwebs, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhaza zihlakazeka kuma-balsamu. Umkhawulo we-cyclamen uholela ekuguqukeni nasekuyekelweni kokukhula kwamaqabunga amancanyana, ukuqunjelwa okwenzeka kamuva kanye namahlumela jikelele. Isitshalo esingenawo amaphuzu okukhula ngokushesha siyafa. Isiphetho esifanayo silindele ukusikwa okusikwe esihlahleni sebhalsamu esinegciwane. Ngakho-ke, kuleli cala, hhayi kuphela ukwelashwa okuphindaphindwe nge-acaricide ephumelelayo, kodwa futhi nokuhlolwa okuphelele kwezitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa.
Ukuhambisana kuphela nobuchwepheshe bezolimo nokunaka njalo ama-balsamu aqhakaza izimbali kuzoqinisekisa impilo yezitshalo, ukukhula kwawo ngokushesha kanye nokuqhakaza okugelezayo ngaphandle kwendlu naku-sill yewindows.
