Imithetho yokuncipha kwezilimo zezimpande

Izitshalo ezenziwa izimpande zinobuchopho obuhlukile: zakha imbewu incane kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uyihlwanyele ngobukhulu besitshalo (isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, iparsley, isithombo, izaqathe kanye nabanye) noma yakha imbewu yezithelo (ama-beet), lapho kukhula izithombo eziningana zezitshalo eziqhakaze eduze. Njengomthetho, ukutshala okuqinile kuye kwehla kakhulu ikhwalithi, yingakho inani lesitshalo. Izitshalo ezenziwa impande zitholakala zigobile, zinophondo, zincane, zivame ukunganambithiso. Kwizitshalo ezimpande, inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa izithombo zokutshala. Kepha angeke kwenziwe njengoba kufanele nalapho kunesidingo. Kungukunwebeka okufika ngesikhathi nangekhwalithi ephezulu ezokuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esisele esigcwele.

Isivuno sezimpande. © Adrienne Bruno

Imithetho yokuncipha ejwayelekile

Ukuthola ubungako bokuma kwesitshalo esidingekayo, isilinganiso sokuhlwanyelwa kwezimpande (ngokungakhethi) sikhuphuka amahlandla ama-4-6. Ukuze sakhe indawo efanelekile yokudla kwezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukufeza iziqu ezi-2 kuya kwezingu-2, kwesinye isikhathi izihibe ezinezitshalo nezitshalo ngokuya ngezidingo zolimo

Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwenziwa njalo esigabeni samapheshana e-cotyledonary noma ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwephepha leqiniso lokuqala. Uma izithombo zingalingani, khona-ke ukuqala kokuqala kwenziwa esigabeni sefolokoqo ye-cotyledonous, ngaphandle kokulinda ukwakheka kwamaqabunga e-cotyledonous noma isonto ngemuva kokuqhuma kwenqwaba. Ukuze ungakhipha amahlumela awengeziwe, ukuthambisa kwenziwa kaningi ngokunamathisela amahlumela eduze komhlaba uqobo noma ukusebenzisa ama-tweezers ukuwasusa.
Ukuqalwa kwesibili kuvame ukwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20-30 noma, ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo, esigabeni esifanele. Ngalesi sithambile, izitshalo eziqinile zishiywe, bese kuthi ezibuthakathaka zisuswe. Phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele kube nokuhlala kungu-0.5-1.0-1.5 cm futhi kungabe kusaba khona, ngoba ukuncipha kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, izifo, izilokazane. Nge-sparse plant density, izitshalo nazo zakha izitshalo ezingezinhle ezisezingeni eliphansi, kanti isivuno siyancipha.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwesithathu empeleni kungukubumba kokugcina (edingekayo) kwabantu bokuma. Ibanga phakathi kwezilimo zezimpande lingama-4-6-8 cm.Uma ubuchwepheshe bezolimo buhlinzekela ukuvuna okuningi (ngokwesibonelo: inqwaba yezaqathi, izithombo zezimpande zebhungwe), khona-ke izitshalo ezikhuliswe kakhulu zivunwa, ezinye zisele ukuze zikhule.

Ukuphumelela okulandelayo kungukuvunwa kokukhetha okungenzeka kabusha.

Isivuno sezimpande. © masstravel

Ukuchetywa kwezilimo ngazinye

I-beetroot emnyama

Lapho ukutshala ama-beet ngezithelo, ngalinye lakha izithombo ezingama-5-6. Ama-beet anciphiswa kabili. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuqala, okuvumela ukukhipha isitshalo ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo esikhulayo esiseduze.

Ngokobuchwepheshe bokutshala, ama-beet anciphisiwe ngesikhathi sezimila amahlandla ama-2:

ukuvela kokuqala kwenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga ama-1-2, kususwa izitshalo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, ezingathuthukisiwe ezitshalweni. Izitshalo zishiywe emgqeni ngemuva kuka-3-4 cm. Uma ama-beet engazange akhuphuke ngendlela efanayo, ukuncipha kuhlehliswa emuva kwesikhathi futhi kwenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga ama-2-3. Lezi zitshalo ziyizithombo ezinhle kakhulu, ezivame ukwakha isivuno esingcono kunokuhlwanyela ngokuqondile okuqinisiwe. Uma kungekho mbhede ohlukile walesi sitshalo, usitshale emaphethelweni emibhede engadini nezinye izilimo (izaqathe, u-anyanisi).
Ukuncipha kwesibili kwenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga ama-3-5 athuthukile. Ngalesi sikhathi, isivuno sezimpande sinobubanzi obungafika ku-3-5 cm futhi singasetshenziswa njengesihlahla esincane sezimpande ezivuthiwe. Lapho kuncipha, isivuno esikhulu kakhulu sezimpande siyakhishwa, bese kuthi okuncane kushiywe ukuze sikhulele ukuvuna okuncane okuncane noma okukhethiwe. Ukwenza ukuthamba, ibanga ngu-6-8 cm, kanye namamaki sekwephuzile (kokubekeka indawo yokugcina) kufika ku-10 cm ubukhulu.

IBeetroot iyahluma. © Eric Fung

Izaqathi kuncipha

Moody, kodwa kunesidingo kwimenyu yethu, isiko. Imbewu encane imila isikhathi eside. Ukuze izithombo zingaphenduki zibe ngama-sparse, inani elikhulayo lembewu livame ukuhlwanyelwa. Njengoba izaqathe zihlwanyelwa ezikhathini eziningi ngokugijima kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, futhi ukuncipha kungenye yemikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu yezolimo, ukuxabana ehlobo ngemibhede yekherothi kwanele. Kumakherothi, ukuthamba okungu-3 kuyenziwa, futhi ngokuhlanza okukhethiwe okuningi, inani labo lifinyelela ku-5-6.

Izaqathi azikubekezeleli ukuqina, ngakho-ke ukuncipha kokuqala kuqala amasonto ayi-1-2 ngemuva kokuthola izithombo ezinkulu. Ezindaweni ezigqinsiwe izitshalo eziningana zidabula ngasikhathi sinye, zishiya zilandelana ibanga le-1,0-2.0 cm akusekho. Ungakhohlwa ukufeza emva kokuphumelela, ukufaka umquba, ukuchelela izitshalo kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Ziyadingeka ekuvikeleni izitshalo ezimpukwaneni ze-karoti.
Ukuncipha kwesibili kwenziwa lapho isitshalo sezimpande sifinyelela ububanzi obuyi-1.5-2.0 cm (ukuvuvukala kwesigaba) ...
Ukuqalwa kwesithathu kungokokugcina. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakheka ushuni wokugcina kumakhaphethi kanti ibanga elingelayini lingama-6cm okungenani. Kuvunwa izitshalo ezingcolile ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Ngebanga elincane, isivuno sezimpande sizoba sincane. Lapho kudlula, kuvunwa isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngoba ngesivuno sokugcina siphuma kakhulu, inyama iba mubi hhayi imnandi futhi imnandi. Ukuhlanza kokugcina kwenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi kaSeptemba. Ngaphambilini isivuno sokugcina sezaqathi sinciphisa umkhiqizo waso.

Amahlumela of izaqathi. © Russell Butcher

I-parsley emincane

Izintandokazi zezinongo-ezinambitheka namasiko yemifino. Imishini yezolimo ayihlwanyelayo futhi inciphise kuwo wonke ama-karoti aphindaphindwayo. Umehluko kuphela osesikhathini sez amahlumela. Uma izaqathi zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, khona-ke i-parsley ngo-15-20, futhi eminyakeni eyomile - ngezinsuku ezingama-25. Kuhle ukutshala i-parsley ngesimo sezilimo ezihlanganisiwe, ukuxuba imbewu ye-parsley nembewu ye-radish noma yesaladi. Lezi zilimo ziqhuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-7 futhi zisebenza njengophawu lokutshala kwe-parsley. Ekuvuneni kwabo, kuvela amahlumela wesitshalo esikhulu.

Emasimini engadi, izinhlobo zezimpande kanye namaqabunga alesi sitshalo zivame ukuvuthwa. Bobabili basebenzisa isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba nesitshalo sezimpande, esishiwo kakhulu nge-parsley yezimpande. I-Parsley inwetshiwe futhi ivunwa ngokukhethekile kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele njengoba kudingeka. Ngo-ekwindla, kushiywe u-5-8 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngalesi sikhathi sokuma, isithombo sezimpande se-izimpande ze-parsley sigcina zonke izimfanelo zaso ezibalulekile (ipulpiti elimnandi, isitshalo sezimpande ngaphandle kwemifantu, ngisho nesimo).

Izitshalo zeParsley ezihlwanyelwe noma ezishiywe zingcolile ngenxa yobusika amahlumela amasha kanye nezitshalo ezimpande ezidliwayo, nazo ezimncane.

Isishubhu Esicwathile

Ezilwanyaneni zokuqala zezitshalo, okuvame kakhulu yisithombo. Njengoba imelana nokubanda futhi ingenangqondo, inika umndeni isaladi levithamini entsha kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuhlwanyelwa ekushisa kwe- + 10 ... + 11 * C kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-25- 35 isivuno sivuniwe. Njeng izaqathe, ama-radada atshalwa ngezikhathi eziningana (kuphela esikhathini esibandayo sentwasahlobo nasekwindla) ngesikhathi esengeziwe sezinsuku ezingama-5-7, esidlulisa isikhathi sokuthola umkhiqizo omusha.

Ama-radishing ancishisiwe kwenziwa kabili::

Isonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuba amahlumela amaningi, kukhishwe izitshalo ezingaphansi, noma imibhede yezimbali ebonakalayo. Shiya ibanga emugqeni ka-1.5-2.0 cm.
Ukuncipha kwesibili kwenziwa ku-cm yezitshalo engu-4-5 cm bese kuthi, emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, isivuno sezimpande sivunwe.

Akunakwenzeka ukuchaza izikhathi zokuncipha kwazo zonke izilimo zemifino ezikhulwe ngokutshala. Imininingwane engenhla iyizitshalo ezivame kakhulu zemifino kanye nezinongo. Ngokwezifiso, zonke izitshalo zezimpande zinciphile izikhathi ezingama-2-3. Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhuma kwesisindo hhayi ngaphambi kwamaviki ayi-2-3. Owesibili - ngesikhathi kumiswa isivuno sezimpande sokuqhuma kwesixha esisetshenziswa ekudleni (isithombo). Eyesithathu - uma kunesidingo, ukwakheka kokugcina kobukhulu bokuma (izaqathe, ama-beet). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bokuma buxhomeke kusayizi wezitshalo ezimpande zosayizi ojwayelekile (ngokwesibonelo, ububanzi be-izaqathe ngu-5-6 cm, ama-beet 9-10 cm, ama-radishes angama-2-3 cm).