Njengomthetho, ama-raspberries awadali inkathazo enkulu kubalimi futhi ayiqabunga kakhulu amajikijolo, kodwa nokho adinga ukunakwa. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, okusho ulwazi lokuthi ungawunquma kanjani ama-raspberries kahle entwasahlobo noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo, awukwazi ukunikeza kuphela isivuno esizinzileyo, kodwa futhi ukwandise kaningana. Kunini lapho kunquma khona izihlahla, futhi yini okufanele icatshangwe lapho ukhetha indlela ethile?
Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okusebenzayo nokusakazwa kwama-raspberries, ukuthenwa kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe lapho ukutshala izithombo, okufanele kufinyezwe ku-50 cm. Kokubili esigabeni sokuqala kanye nasekuthengeni okuzayo kufanele kwenziwe ngethuluzi elikhethekile - ama-secateurs.
Ifaka ama-raspberries okuthena entwasahlobo
Ama-raspberry okhula entwasahlobo kufanele enziwa ekuqaleni kwesizini ngokushesha nje lapho iqhwa lihlibilika kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi isifudumele ngokuphelele. Ukukhethwa kwenyanga yokuthena (Mashi-Ephreli) kuya ngesimo sezulu lapho ama-raspberry akhula khona. Ukukhetha inketho yama-raspberries wokuthena kwentwasahlobo, kufanele ucabangele izici nezinhlobonhlobo, okungukuthi, inani lokuqhakaza phakathi nenkathi (eyodwa noma ngaphezulu).
Ukuthena izinhlobo zezitshalo ezizodwa
Inqubo yenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Ukususwa kwamagatsha angenamandla, anesifo futhi omisiwe nge-pruner yengadi. Lapho kukhona iziqu eziqandisiwe, zifushaniswa zibe yizinso ezinempilo;
- Ukufakwa amahlumela konyaka kuya ku-5-8 isihlahla ngasinye. Lapho ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-raspberries kwenziwa ku-buss okutshalwe yindlela ye-trellis, izikhala zamahhala okungenani ze-10-15 cm zisala phakathi kwamahlumela;
- Iziqu ezisele zifinyezwa ngekota yobude, ukuze ekugcineni ubude beshumela kube ngu-120-150 cm.
Ngale ndlela, ukuthena kuhlinzeka ngembobo ephelele yezihlahla, ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo kuvinjelwe. Futhi, ukukhula kwamahlumela asele kwehlisa ijubane, ngenxa yokuthi ama-buds e-lateral aqala ukuthuthuka ngenkuthalo.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ungakhela kanjani ama-raspberries kahle entwasahlobo, kufanele kubhekwe indlela ama-raspberries ajwayelekile athela ngayo izithelo isikhathi eside. Ukuncishiswa kwenziwa ngokwemithetho elandelayo:
- Zonke amahlumela zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine;
- eyokuqala ifushaniswa ngu-10-15 cm (izothela izithelo ekuqaleni kwesizini);
- amahlumela alandelayo asikwa abe ngu-20-30 cm;
- amahlumela engxenye yesithathu anqunywa phakathi;
- Iziqu ezisele zinqunywa zicishe zibe isiqu, zishiya 3 cm ukuphakama (zizophelelisa izithelo).
Ifaka ama-raspberry okuwa ekwindla
Uma ungenasikhathi sokuthena ama-raspberries ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini yezithelo, kufanele uzijwayeze nokuthi ungawuthena kanjani ama-raspberries ebusika. Inqubo akufanele yenziwe kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokudinwa okubandayo okunamandla. Ngaphambi kokuthena izihlahla, ihlathi lihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuthola ukuthi amahlumela azosuswa yini nokuthi iziqu zizovunwa ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ukuthena ama-raspberry ebusika kubandakanya ukususa amahlumela alandelayo:
- Iziqu ezihlangene, izilokazane neziqu;
- Amahlumela amasha angahlumi ngokungafanele;
- Amahlumela weminyaka emibili abekhiqiza izitshalo iminyaka embalwa edlule ukuze angaphazamisi ukondliwa kweziqu ezincane;
- Ukuqhekeka nokuqothuka ngokweqile okwenza ukuba isihlahla sikhulu kakhulu.
Izihlahla zomila ekwindla zalezi amahlumela zenziwa ngaphandle kokushiya amahlumela phansi. Lapho akha amahlahla, kubekwa ibanga elingama-cm okungenani angama-60, anqume iziqu ezingezekile ngefosholo (abuyele ku-20 cm esihlahleni esiyinhloko, ama-raspberries ambiwa azungeze isiyingi, bese umhlaba utyalwa ngaphandle kombuthano).
Ukuthena ama-raspberry ebusika kunomthelela ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwama-raspberries, ngakho-ke cishe amahlumela ayishumi kufanele ashiywe ngemitha ngayinye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-raspberries wokulungisa asikwa, asika ihlumela ngalinye kuya ku-10 cm.
Ifaka ama-raspberry okuthena ngokuya ngeSbolev
Namuhla, inketho ethandwa kakhulu yokuthena ama-raspberry bush iwukuba kuthenwe okusajingijolo ngokusho kukaSbolev, oqanjwe igama ngemuva komgcini wegadi waseRussia, ongumsunguli wokukhiqizwa raspberry. Le ndlela ibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa okulula nokusebenza kahle, kuyilapho ngisho abalimi abangenalwazi bengafeza ukuthena okusezingeni eliphakeme.
Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bama-raspberries othenwe kabili, ukwakheka kwezihlahla zamabhokisa kwenziwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Usuku lokuthenwa kokuqala luphela ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, lapho iziqu ezincane zifinyelela ubude obungu-80-100 cm, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberry. Kamuva, izihlahla azifiseleki kakhulu, ngoba amahlumela kungenzeka angabi nesikhathi sokuthola amandla futhi ngenxa yalokho ngeke akubekezelele ukubanda ebusika. Kulesi sigaba, izihloko zeziqu zinamathiselwe, zisusa u-15 cm wokuphakama.
Ngemuva kokuthena izihlahla, isihlahla empeleni asikhulisi ukuphakama, ngoba amagatsha asemuva aqala ukukhula. Izinsuku ezimbalwa nje emva kokuthenwa, amahlumela okuqala asevele ebonakala emacansini angenhla, futhi ekuqaleni kwekwindla, esikhundleni sokudubula okukodwa, kukhiwa isiqu esinamandla esinamahlumela amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha, ubude bawo ngamunye bube ngama-50 cm. Akukho zigameko zokuthenwa ezenziwa kulo nyaka.
Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala kumahlumela, aqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo sama-raspberries wokuthena ophindwe kabili. Le nqubo iqukethe ukufinyeza amahlumela asinde ngempumelelo ebusika ngamasentimitha ayi-1010. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze amagatsha amaningi amasha akhiwe esiqwini esikhulu, isibalo saso sikhuphuka kashumi ngaphambi kokuba izithelo ziqale.
Ngokusho kukaSbolev, isihluthulelo sokusebenza ngempumelelo kocingo olumbili ukuphunyezwa okufanele kwesigaba sesibili. Ngokuya ngemithetho, imiphumela idlula konke okulindelwe - esikhundleni sesiqu esisodwa esivamile sokubheka, isihlahla sonyaka wesibili siphenduka amahlumela ambozwe ngokuphelele ngezimbali, ama-elemende, ama-ovari namajikijolo avuthiwe, ngenkathi izithelo kuphela kuphela kuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ukuncipha ama-raspberries ngokusho kweSbolev kwenza ukuthi kwenziwe ukulungisa ama-raspberries kusuka kuma-raspberries ajwayelekile, kukhula kakhulu isivuno se-raspberry.
Kanye nezinzuzo zokuthenwa okuphindwe kabili, kukhona nezinkinga. Sikhuluma ngokudla okuthe xaxa kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry, okuholela ekuqineni ngokweqile okusajingijolo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya omncane wamahlumela uyakhula, umthunzi wawo uya ukhula, ngenxa yalokho ukunqotshwa yizilokazane nezifo kuba. Uma ungathathi izinyathelo ngendlela yesikhathi, ungalahlekelwa hhayi kuphela isivuno, kodwa futhi nezihlahla ngokwazo.
Ukugwema lezi zinkinga ngendlela yokuthena ephindwe kabili, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa yezihlahla ezi-raspberry kufanele lenyuke lifinyelele kumamitha okungenani amabili, futhi izihlahla eziseduzane komunye nomunye zilandelana kufanele zisuswe okungenani imitha eyodwa ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Inani eliphezulu lamahlumela esihlahleni esisodwa akufanele lidlule i-10. Uma ufuna ukwandisa umkhiqizo we-raspberry, ukunqunywa okuphindwe kabili kwama-raspberry kungaqhutshwa ngokuncipha kancane kancane kwenombolo yokuthathelwa indawo neziqu zokuhluma. Ekuqaleni, kwabangu-10, abayi-8 bashiywe, ngemuva - kuka-6, futhi esigabeni sokugcina - amahlumela ama-4 amasha akhiwa.
