Izithombo

Umlenze omnyama yisishayo sangempela sezithombo, imvamisa sithinta izithombo zezilimo ezinjengotamatisi, upelepele wensimbi, isitshalo seqanda, ukhukhamba, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeklabishi, isithombo, ulethisi, kanye nezitshalo zezimbali - isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye nezinye ezikhule ngezithombo. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi uyini umlenze omnyama nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nawo, kufaka nezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu, nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukwenzeka, okungukuthi, ngezindlela zokuvimbela izifo.

Umlenze omnyama kwizithombo zikagwayi.

Uyini umlenze omnyama wezithombo?

Umlenze omnyama - ngokuvamile abalimi abakhiqiza izithombo zezikhala zomuntu noma bayazithengisa, babizwa ngokuthi izimpande zokubola kwentamo yesihlahla. Lesi sifo singungumbala, ekugcineni, ngentuthuko esebenzayo, sibangela ukufakwa kwezithombo nokufa kwayo okuphelele.

Ungaqonda ukuthi izithombo zakho zahlatshwa umlenze omnyama, uma uhlola ngokucophelela isisekelo sesigaxa sesithombo, lapho, esimweni salesi sifo, ungabona ushintsho kumbala wesicubu, okungukuthi, ukumnyama kwawo, kanye nokukhula okusebenzayo kwalesi sifo sikhunta, ukubola kwezicubu zezitshalo njengoba izikhathi lapho kutholakala khona intamo yezimpande ezitshalweni.

Imvamisa umlenze omnyama ubonakala kakhulu kusukela ngesikhathi lapho amahlumela wokuhlwanyela imbewu avela kuphela ngaphezu komhlabathi kuze kube yilapho izithombo zakheka amaqabunga eqiniso amabili noma amathathu.

Kungani kwenziwa umlenze omnyama futhi uthuthukiswe?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokwakheka nokukhula okusebenzayo kwesifo esinjengomlenze omnyama wezithombo; lokhu kungaba ngumhlabathi osobala ongenwe yisikhunta somlenze omnyama; izitshalo eziwugqinsi ngokweqile, lapho umswakama uqina isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezithombo, okuhambisana nokushisa okubandayo kunika izimfuneko zokuthuthuka kwalesi sifo; umswakama omningi womhlabathi, lapho umswakama umane ungenaso isikhathi sokuphuma futhi usetshenziswe izitshalo; ukuntuleka komoya omusha - lapho umlimi, esaba uhlaka, engafakweli egumbini ngokuphelele; umswakama owedlulele emhlabathini, ohlanganiswe nobuningi bokushisa - lezi yizimo ezifanele zokukhula ngokushesha komlenze omnyama wezithombo; ushintsho lokushisa olubukhali - lapho umlimi, ngokungafani nalokho, ethanda ngokweqile ukukhipha umoya egumbini, kwesinye isikhathi okuholela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kwamadigri amahlanu noma ngaphezulu.

Uma kwenzeka eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyizinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuphela ezanele ukusuka ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesiqu esimnyama kuze kube mnyama ngokuphelele kweziqu zezithombo nokufa kwezithombo. Uma uthatha izithombo ezinjalo ezandleni zakho, ungazizwa ngeminwe yakho ukuthi iziqu zithambe kanjani kakhulu, noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakaliswa ukwanda kokuqina.

Amakhowe angokwesitho se-Olpidium abangela ukwakheka komlenze omnyama (I-Olpidium), I-Podium (Pythium), noma iRhizoctonia (I-Rhizoctonia) Zonke lezi isikhunta eziyingozi zihlala endaweni ephezulu futhi zidla izicubu zezitshalo ezifile. Ngomswakama ophezulu, isikhunta siyayeka ukondla izicubu ezifile bese ziqala ukuzondla ngezicubu eziphilayo, noma zingazondla ngawo womabili izicubu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, intamo yezimpande zezithombo isendaweni yengozi ngalesi sikhathi.

Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela izithombo zezindebe ezimnyama

Ukuqala, udinga njalo ukuthenga imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme yezinhlobo zesimanje nabakhiqizi abathembekile ngombhalo obhaliwe, ongagxivizwanga, usuku epaketheni elinembewu. Ngasikhathi sinye, zama ukukhetha kuqala imbewu yezinhlobo ezintsha, kepha ngedumela eliqinisekisiwe, okungukuthi, izibuyekezo ngazo esezitholakala, futhi ungaqhathanisa eyodwa noma enye nencazelo evela kumenzi. Futhi-ke, zama ukuthola izinhlobo ezivumela noma ezingavikeleki kulesi sifo.

Uma ungaqiniseki ngekhwalithi yembewu, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, sincoma ngokuqinile ukubabamba isikhathi esingaba ikota yehora ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-potassium permanganate, bese ucoceza emanzini agobhozayo. Ngokuvimbela nokulahla imbewu kusuka ku ukhunta, uma ekhona kuyo, ukufaka umfuziselo ezinkingeni zeFitosporin kungasiza. Imbewu ethambile ingaba ikota nje yehora, bese uhlanza ngamanzi ampompozayo. I-Phytosporin ingasetjenziswa njenge-prophylaxis yokubonakala komlenze omnyama nangemva kokumba izithombo, ngosuku ngemuva kokumba izithombo, phatha inhlabathi ngokucophelela ngezinhlaka, uqaphele ukuthi ungangeni emaqabungeni. Into esemqoka ngesikhathi sokwelapha ukuthola kuphela umanzi omncane enhlabathini ngesisombululo somuthi, abakwazi "ukugcwalisa" izithombo.

Njalo gcina isikhathi esifanele sokuhlwanyela kwembewu. Kwezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, ngesitshalo esithile, isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu ngaso sonke isikhathi sikhonjiswa kwiphakheji. Imvamisa kuboniswa ngisho nesifunda okubhekiselwe kuso isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, akufanele unganaki lolu lwazi.

Awudingi ukushesha kakhulu ekuhlwanyeleleni imbewu, ikamelo lingafudumele ngokwanele, iqhwa lingalala ngaphandle kwewindi futhi kubanda impela, kanti ukubanda okuvela efasiteleni kuzomane kunciphise ukukhula kwezithombo, kwenze ukuthi kube nzima ukukhipha umswakama ngokweqile futhi kuvume umlenze omnyama ukuba ukhule ngenkuthalo ezitshalweni zakho.

Nikeza izitshalo ukukhanya okuningi, kuye ngezithombo lapho ukhula khona. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, i-photosynthesis iyancipha, ukuhwamuka komswakama kuyancishiswa, ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo kuncishisiwe, futhi ngenxa yako konke lokhu, kuvela umlenze omnyama.

Lapho kukhula izithombo, zama ukungasebenzisi amabhokisi enziwe ngamapulangwe nezitsha zepulasitiki, kodwa amaphilisi we-Peat noma amabhodwe we-peat-humus. Lawa “mishini” yesimanje izovumela ukugwema ukubonakala komlenze omnyama noma izonciphisa ubungozi bokuvela kwayo kaningana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo ezivela kuzinkomishi ze-peat-humus, ngokwesibonelo, azidingi kususwa - zingatshalwa ngqo enhlabathini ye-greenhouse noma emhlabathini ovulekile, ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezimpande. Yize izinkomishi ezinjalo zibiza okungaphezulu kweziqukathi zepulasitiki, zizowenza lula umsebenzi wakho futhi ugcine izimpande zezithombo zingasebenzi, futhi uzothola isivuno sangaphambilini.

Kubalulekile ukunakekela inhlabathi ngaphambi kokwehlisa imbewu lapho. Isibonelo, umhlaba ongaziwa, ongenakuthembela kuwo, ungabekwa. Inketho enhle kunazo zonke yisisombululo esimnyama se-banal esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate. Ilungiselelwe kanjena: udinga ukuncibilikisa amagremu amathathu e-potanganum permanganate ebhakedeni lamanzi athambile (okungukuthi ancibilike noma ane imvula). Kuyasiza nokukhubaza inhlabathi futhi uyiqede emlenzeni omnyama ngokuphathwa ngamalungiselelo afana neRadiance, iRenaissance noma iBaikal, okungukuthi, ngamalungiselelo e-EM, noma achithwe ngamanzi abilayo, abhubhise amagciwane nobubi (ngeshwa nangokuhle) kanye.

Ngemuva kokuba umhlabathi ungcoliswe ngandlela thile, mawukhe “uphefumule” izinsuku ezintathu, khona-ke ungaqala ukuhlwanyela. Uma inhlabathi "inamafutha kakhulu" inomsoco omningi, khona-ke ngeke kube kubi uma usakaza ungqimba lwesihlabathi somfula ebusweni bayo, ebeligezwe ngaphambili emanzini amathathu, libalwa futhi lomiswe - lizogcina umswakama ngokweqile futhi livikele isikhunta ukuthi singakhuli ngamandla.

Uma kwenzeka uqiniseka ngokuphelele ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ungangeza ukulungiselela okuhle kuyo, okusetshenziswa abaningi ukuvimbela umlenze omnyama nezinye izifo - Trichodermin. Lesi sidakamizwa kulula ukusithenga futhi asibizi.

Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, abalimi abaningi bopha isitsha esivamile ngezithombo zokudla noma ifilimu epulasitiki noma ingilazi ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kuyenzeka futhi kudingekile futhi ukwenza lokhu: kubukeka njengendawo eluhlaza okotshani, kepha nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukufaka umoya endaweni eluhlaza ngokuphakamisa ifilimu nokufafaza inhlabathi kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza uma kuqala ukoma ukuvimba ukoma komhlaba.

Izimpande neziqu zezithombo ezithintekile emlenzeni omnyama.

Ukulwa nomlenze omnyama ezitshalweni

Uma umlenze omnyama ubonwa sekwephuze kanti ingxenye yesithathu yezithombo isivele yathelelekile ngalesifo, khona-ke into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo, okungukuthi, ususe abagulayo ubashise. Ngokufanelekile, izithombo ezisele kufanele zidluliselwe enhlabathini entsha, ehlanzekile, kepha uma incane kakhulu, ungacubungula izindawo lapho izithombo ezinesifo zikhule ngesixazululo pinki se-potanganum permanganate.

Zonke ezinye izitshalo ezingenazo izimpawu zokutheleleka kufanele ziphathwe ngeFitosporin. Ngaso leso sikhathi, udinga ukunisela isisombululo esilungiselelwe kuphela ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezisaphilile. Uma lesi sifo sifinyelela izithombo, lapho izitshalo sezivele zikwazi ukwakha amaqabunga eqiniso, khona-ke isisombululo sikaFitosporin singasetshenziswa ukuphatha zonke izithombo zizonke, ziwa emacembe, iziqu, nenhlabathi.

Uma lesi sidakamizwa singekho kuwe, ungazama ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo asuselwe kubhedu ukulwa nomlenze omnyama, ngokwesibonelo, uketshezi lweBordeaux (isisombululo esingu-1% sanele), i-chloroxide yethusi (isixazululo esingu-1.5%), ithusi sulfate (1% isixazululo). Uma kungekho kulokhu okukhona noma ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zidakamizwa akwamukeleki kuwe, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka (esinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) se-potanganum permanganate futhi bangakwazi ukufafaza inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ezinempilo ngemuva kokususa zonke iziguli.

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okuthe xaxa, lapho umlenze omnyama ushaye ngaphezu kwengxenye yezithombo futhi ayikho indawo ongayifaka kuyo, futhi inhlabathi entsha ayikwazanga ukuthathwa lapho usuka khona, ungafafaza inhlabathi ngenhlanganisela yethisipuni elilodwa le-sulfate yethusi kanye nengilazi eyodwa yokhuni yomlotha ochithwe othulini, noma umusi ongcono, lokhu. imitha tikwele zezilimo.

Esimweni lapho i-lesion iqinile futhi unayo yonke indawo nomhlabathi ukuze udlulise izithombo ezinempilo lapho, kungcono ukuzikhetha ezinkomishini ezihlukile, usebenzisa inhlabathi ene-disinfected kuphela ukuze uzigcwalise. Ungabulala amagciwane inhlabathi njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, noma uthathe inani elifunekayo lomhlabathi bese ulithambisa kuhhavini ngamadigri ayi-100 ngehora lesine. Kepha ngisho nangemva kwalokhu, kusathandeka ukuthulula inhlabathi ngeFitosporin noma neBactofit. Ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini onjalo, bona, njengomthetho, abaguli, kepha unganqoba kancane futhi ngesonto ngemuva kokukhula kwabo endaweni entsha, hlela kabusha izinkomishi egumbini elinamazinga okushisa ambalwa lapho bemi khona ngaphambili.

Silwa namakhambi abantu abamnyama

Sengiphetha, sinikeza izibonelo zemithi yesintu yokulwa nomlenze omnyama. Eqinisweni, ziningi izindlela ezinjalo zomzabalazo, kepha sikhethe ezisebenza kakhulu.

Okokuqala - uthululela inhlabathi ngomlotha wezinkuni noma ngensipho ngeendlalelo zamamilimitha ambalwa. Abalimi bathi emhlabathini onjalo umlenze omnyama awukhuli, futhi izithombo zikhula kahle.

Endaweni yesibili kufanele sinisele izithombo ngesixazululo se-baking soda ejwayelekile - udinga isipuni esisodwa sosawoti engilazini ngayinye yamanzi, leli nani lanele imitha skwele yebhokisi lokuchelela, futhi udinga ukuniselwa kanye ngesonto.

Endaweni yesithathu -kungena ngembewu kusisombululo se-Epin, kuyilapho i-ampoule incibilikiswa kwilitha lamanzi bese imbewu ingene ingene ubusuku bonke, abalimi bethi izithombo ezinjalo azithinteki emlenzeni omnyama.

Ngakho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi umlenze omnyama ungabhekwana nazo zombili ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela amakhono, okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ukwenzeka kwawo, nangezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nawo. Kepha ungacabangi ukuthi lesi sifo asikufanele ukusidonsela ukunakekela. Umlenze omnyama uyingozi kakhulu futhi kufanelekile ukuthi ulahlekelwe yisikhathi sokuhlulwa kwezithombo okukhulu, ngeke kwenzeke ukubuyisa izinsuku ezilahlekile, futhi izithombo kuzodingeka ziphonswe kude kuphela, ngakho-ke qaphela ngalesi sifo.