I-Aronia noma i-Aronia aronia isitshalo esidumile ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Isihlahla esingenakulungiswa asisetshenziswanga nje ukuthola isivuno sezithelo ezinempilo futhi ezihlwabusayo, kepha futhi nokushumeka kwendawo. Amahlamvu aluhlaza ehlobo ekwindla anombala wazo zonke izithunzi zophuzi, zegolide, ezibomvu, ngendlela yokutshala okukodwa noma udonga oluphilayo, oluhlobisa kahle indawo.
Incazelo chokeberry chokeberry
Isihlahla sokwehla esiphundu esihlala ezweni lakuleliya lizwe laseNyakatho Melika, sesithuthele eYurophu nasendaweni yaseRussia, saba nengqondo enhle, sithathe futhi sasakazeka ngokushesha njengesiko lokuhlobisa noma lokukhula kwasendle.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalela we-I.V. UMichurin nabangane bakhe, abathola izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-chokeberry, wadonsela ukunakekela kwabalimi basekhaya.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-chokeberry chokeberry kudinga ulwazi oluncane nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Isihlahla esingabekezeleleki:
- ibekezelela ubusika ngaphandle komonakalo;
- iqala ukuthela izithelo eseleminyaka eyi-3 ngemuva kokutshala, kanti izilimo zizinzile futhi zonyaka;
- kalula ukuthambekela komqhele.
Ngokusho kwencazelo, i-chokeberry aronia emvelweni inokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-2 kuye kwayi-3. Ekuqaleni, umqhele wesihlahla ucwebile impela, kepha njengoba sikhula, siba namandla ngokwengeziwe, sisakazeka, sibanzi. Ububanzi besihlahla somuntu omdala sifinyelela kumamitha amabili, ngakho abalimi bazijwayeza ukumisela nokumiswa kwezitshalo minyaka yonke. Kulula ukwahlukanisa amahlumela asekuqaleni ekukhuleni okusha ngombala wamagxolo.
Lapho igatsha likhula likhula, impunga yalo iba mhlophe ngokwengeziwe. Amagxolo enkuni elilodwa noma amabili ubudala anombala obomvu obomvana noma onsundu.
Yize isiko livame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-chokeberry, izitshalo azihlobene kakhulu. Lokhu kubonakala kahle uma ubheka amahlamvu e-chokeberry aronia. Ngokungafani namaqabunga e-rowan ahlukaniswanga, nayi ipuleti lamaqabunga angama-5-8 cm ubude noma i-obovate, alula. Banobuso obushelelezi bangaphambili kanye ne-pubescent emuva kanye nomphetho we-serated. I-Petiole imfushane, iminyene.
Lapho ekwindla amaqabunga esihlahlana ashintsha umbala usuka kokumnyama okuluhlaza uye ophuzi nobubende, ukubukeka kwesitshalo kuyashintsha. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esikhanyayo, i-violet ene-brish tint brashi yezithelo ezivuthiwe ibukeka kahle kakhulu.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-chokeberry chokeberry kuqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi futhi kuqhubeke kuze kufike izinsuku zokuqala zehlobo, bese kuvela amaqanda aluhlaza endaweni yezimbali ezimhlophe noma ezikhanyayo ezibomvu eziqoqwe kuma-corymbose inflorescence. Cishe izithelo ezimnyama zivuthwa ekwindla zakuqala futhi zihlala emagatsheni ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Izinyoni ezivuniwe ngokuzithandela.
Ukufika kwe-Aronia chokeberry
Ngokuqondene nazo zonke izihlahlana zezithelo, ku-chokeberry kunezinsuku ezimbili zokutshala. Ekwindla, izithombo zidluliselwa enhlabathini kusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya kuLwezi. Entwasahlobo, izihlahlana zivame kakhulu ukutshalwa ngo-Ephreli, lapho kuqala isikhathi sokukhula, kepha amaqabunga eqabunga awakavuki.
Lapho utshala i-chokeberry chokeberry, udinga ukubheka izici zezulu zesifunda. Kubalulekile ukuthi i-sapling ibe nesikhathi sokukhulisa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi entwasahlobo ingaweli ngaphansi kwesithwathwa, okubhubhisa umqhele ovukayo.
Isiko leli alithobeki futhi lingakhula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zenhlabathi, kufaka nenhlabathi enesihlabathi esimpofu yezakhi zomzimba. Uhlelo lwezimpande lutholakala ekujuleni okungadluli ku-60 cm, ngakho-ke ama-chokeberries awesabi ukuvela kwamanzi asemhlabeni kanye nezikhukhula zentwasahlobo ngenxa yeqhwa elincibilika ngokushesha. Kuleli ukujula, inhlabathi ayihlali yomanzi ngokweqile isikhathi eside, futhi izimpande azinaso isikhathi sokubola.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo sihlala enhlabathini evundile evuma kalula futhi inikeze umswakama. Ngasikhathi sinye, indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ibekwe elangeni ohlangothini oluvikelwe umoya obandayo. Lokhu kuzosiza isithombo ukuthi sikhule futhi sikhule ngokushesha.
Imigodi yokutshala ilungiswa kusengaphambili ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-seedling lubekwe kahle kuyo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukujula nobubanzi bendawo yokuhlala yesitshalo yisilonda esingama-50-60 cm. Uma kufanele utshale izihlahla eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, naka ukukhula kwazo futhi unamathele ekuphumeni kwamamitha ayi-3 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokuphelele futhi kukhanyiswe umqhele.
Inhlabathi ekhishwe emgodini ixubile:
- ngama-8-10 kg we-humus akhethiwe;
- izingilazi ezimbili zomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe;
- Amagremu ayi-150 we-superphosphate.
Ingxenye yesithathu yomgodi wokutshala ugcwele inhlabathi, ichithwa kahle ngamanzi axazululiwe bese ulindela ukuthi umswakama ungene ngokujulile. Manje yisikhathi sokutshala i-chokeberry chokeberry. Isithombo sitshelwa emgodini ukuze intamo yezimpande ingamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, embozwe isakhi esingaphansi esilungiselelwe, ihlanganiswe futhi iniselwe futhi ukuze isihlahla sihlala kahle emhlabathini. Umbuthano oseduze, ukuze ugweme ukomiswa okusheshayo komhlaba kanye nokwakheka kokuqunjelwa, kufakwe kakhulu.
Ukuze i-aronia ikhule ngokushesha, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka, ngaphambi kokutshala i-chokeberry, banciphise amahlumela ku-yisithombo, kungashiyi ama-buds angaphezu kuka-5-6.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Aronia chokeberry ngemuva kokutshala
Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela amaqabunga nezihlahla ezingamelana nesomiso. I-Aronia idinga ukugawulwa komqhele njalo, ukugqokwa kwezikhathi eziphezulu, ukususwa kokhula, ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic kusuka ezinambuzaneni kanye nokunisela okungatheni kepha okuningi.
Ukuthenwa kwezitshalo kuyenziwa:
- ekwindla, ngemuva kokuvuna kanye nokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula;
- ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo yokuvusa isihlahla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha awomile, awonakele futhi abuthakathaka anqunywa ngokucophelela, amahlumela aphazamisa ukungena kokukhanya kokunye kanye nezinambuzane emgqonyeni kukhishwe. I-Chokeberry idlulisela ngaphandle kobunzima kwakha izihlahla, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa ngesimo somuthi omncane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa wonke amahlumela ezingeni lomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalapho aqine kakhulu, bese kancane kancane akha isiqu kuwo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, iminyaka eminingana, kusele kuphela amahlumela ambalwa apical ku-chokeberry stem, lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama okufiswayo, iphuzu lokukhula lisuswa bese kudalwa umqhele ohlangene phezulu kwesiqu.
Intwasahlobo iqala ngokuphathwa kwezihlahlana kusuka kwizilokazane nokufaka umanyolo nge-predominance 
Umanyolo we-nitrogen. Ukusetshenziswa kabusha komanyolo kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lapho isibeletho siqala ukuthela, okunye ukuphakela kufanele kulungiselele isitshalo ebusika. Kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kakade ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-nitrogen.
Yize i-chokeberry aronia ingaphila isikhathi eside esomeni, idinga amanzi ukuze ithole isivuno nobuhle obuhle. Ukunisela kubalulekile:
- ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula;
- ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokugcwaliswa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo;
- ekwindla ngaphambi kokuba isihlahlana sishiya ubusika.
Isihlahla ngasinye kufanele sithole okungenani amalitha angama-20- 40 amanzi kanye. Ngokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwempande olungaphezulu, ukuchelela kwenziwa ibanga elingama-30-40 cm ukusuka enkabeni yesihlahla, kuya emiseleni engajulile.
Imibuthano ye-Trunk igcinwa ihlanzekile, lapho inhlabathi ivulwa njalo noma ifafazwe nge-mulch.
Izihlahla chokeberry aronia kanye nokusakazwa yayo by cutways
Ukuthena i-chokeberry kuqala ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Ukuqala kwakha umqhele wamagatsha ayi-10-12, khona-ke, njengoba bekhula, kancane kancane bawajikisa amahlumela amasha. Ukuvuselelwa kuqala eneminyaka eyi-8.
Uma isihlahla siyasebenza futhi siphelelwa amandla, asikho isidingo sokuwuphuthumisa. Kwanele ukusika wonke umqhele ngaphansi kwempande ekwindla ukuze ulinde intwasahlobo ukuthola ihlumela elincane eliqinile. Ukusuka kulo, ekwindla, kumiswa umgogodla we shrub entsha.
Amagatsha aqinile anempilo okufanele ancishiswe noma asikwe, angasetshenziswa ukuthola izinto ezinhle kakhulu zokutshala kanye nokusakazwa kwama-chokeberry cuttings.
Okokusikwa okuluhlaza okotshani, iziqongo ezingafakwa lignified noma izingxenye eziphakathi ezinama-buds aphilayo angama-5-6 zithathwa. Onke amaqabunga, uphahla lwebhangqa elingaphezulu, ayasuswa, bese okusele kufushane. I-Rooting yenziwa ku-greenhouse, engxenyeni yeshlabathi ekhanyayo, ngemuva kokwelapha ukusikeka nge-stimulator yokukhula. Ngemuva konyaka kamuva, kwakhiwa imbewu e-Aronia chokeberry egcwele ngokugcwele evela engxenyeni encane yegatsha yokutshala emhlabathini.
Izicucu ezinamakhompiyutha izingcezu zezithombo ezivuthiwe ezinonyaka owodwa ubudala ezinezithombo eziningi ezinempilo. Banqunywa ekwindla futhi bagxiliwe endlini yesikole ukuze kuthi lapho betshala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi kube nezinhlamvu ezimbili kuphela ezisele.
Uma kukhona i-aronia chokeberry endaweni yesihlahla esidala, ingasatshalaliswa:
- ukwehlukanisa nokuhlwanyela amahlumela izimpande ngohlelo lwazo lwezimpande;
- ngokukhethekile ubambe amahlumela waminyaka yonke, ugobe phansi futhi uwubeke phansi.
Izitshalo ezisencane zisuka ngokushesha, kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila zidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika futhi emva kweminyaka embalwa sezikulungele ukujabulisa umlimi ngegrey-violet evuthiwe noma imishini ecishe ibe mnyama.
