Gooseberry izihlahla ekwindla: kanjani ukuthola isivuno ocebile

Njalo isihlahla se-gooseberry esinempilo senziwa njalo ngonyaka ngamagatsha amasha. Ukukhula okunjalo kukhulisa isihlahla ngamandla, kunganikeli amagatsha aphansi ukukhanya kwelanga ne-oxygen. Ngenxa yokushintshaniswa komoya okunganele emqheleni, i-shrub iyaqina, amajikijolo abe mancane, futhi esimeni esithuthukile, isihlahla singafa nakancane. Ukuze umlimi ajabulise isivuno se-berry, minyaka yonke ekwindla, kudingeka ukuthi izihlahla ze-gooseberries kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla kudingekile. Le yinqubo enzima, enemithetho yayo futhi edinga amakhono athile.

Yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka esidinga ukusika ama-gooseberries

Umthetho oyinhloko wokuthena i-currant ne-gooseberry ehlathini wukulandela inqubo ngaphambi kokuthi ijusi liqale ukuhamba kanye namagatsha, okuholela ekuncipheni.

Ama-Gooseberry angabokuqala babahlali bensimu ukuvuka ngemuva kokulala ebusika, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo akunakwenzeka ukuphatha ukunquma amagatsha ngendlela efanele. Uma usika amahlumela angeziwe ngemuva kokuqala kwenkathi yezitshalo, lesi sitshalo sizolahlekelwa inani lejusi elivele lichithwe ekwakhiweni kwamahlamvu okuqala. Ukungenelela okungaka ngaphambi kwalokhu kungaholela ekufeni nasekufeni kwesiko. Ngakho-ke, abahlali abanolwazi lwehlobo batusa ukuqala ukuhlanza umqhele ekwindla.

Ukuthena ugqumugqumu - inqubo edingekayo ezitshalweni ezikhulayo

Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusika amagatsha ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ngoba ama-gooseberries asesigabeni esisebenzayo sezimila ngalesi sikhathi. Uma ususa amahlumela ehlobo, amahlumela amasha ngeke akwazi ukuqina ebusika futhi afe ngesikhathi seqhwa lokuqala.

Ochwepheshe baluleka ukusika isihlahla okokuqala ngaphambi kokutshala, bese kuthi sonke isikhathi sonyaka silondoloze umqhele futhi siwususe emagatsheni athelelekile futhi asekhulile. Kubalulekile ukwenza lezi zinqubo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, akwamukeleki ukuthi uqale ugawule amagatsha ngo-Okthoba, nangonyaka olandelayo - ngoMashi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isitshalo sihlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu futhi singafa.

Inini inqubo yokwindla

Isikhathi esihle sokuthena ama-gooseberries yilapho wonke amaqabunga aluhlaza ewa esihlahleni. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka kusuka ngoNovemba 10 kuye ku-20. Isikhathi silinganiselwa, esifundeni ngasinye inqubo enjalo ingenzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile.

Udinga ukusika ingxenye engaphezulu yesihlahla, ushiye igatsha elilodwa lokulawula kuso

Lapho uhlela inqubo, umlimi ngamunye kufanele abheke izimo zezulu zesifunda zokuhlala, izinga lokushisa langaphandle kanye nesimo sezulu. Kusezingeni eliphezulu ukunquma lapho ukugeleza kokuphothula kuqediwe. Inqubo yenziwa okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokuqala kweziqandisi ezinzima. Amabhishi aphethwe kudingeka anikezwe isikhathi esincane sokupholisa amanxeba ngemuva kokuthena nokulungiselela ubusika.

Uma esifundeni lapho ama-gooseberries etshalwa khona, izimo zezulu zimbi kakhulu, izihlahla zithwalwa ziye entwasahlobo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwakheka kwesihlahla sekwindla kungathinta kabi impilo yesitshalo. Amanxeba asezineni awanaso isikhathi sokudonsa emafrijini amakhulu, amasosha omzimba ayaqina, kanti ugqumugqumu angagula noma afe. Ekwindla, ukuncipha okuyingxenye nokususwa kwamagatsha aphukile kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinjalo.

Ongakulungiselela ukuthenwa kwesihlahla

Ukuthena i-Gooseberry kufanele kufakwe ngokuphelele.

Amagatsha amadala we-gooseberries amnyama, acishe abe mnyama ngombala, amnyama kunamahlumela amancane, angabonakala omile

Uma abalimi abanolwazi behlala benemishini efanelekile lapho sebekhona, ukuswela ithuluzi kungaphazamisa kakhulu inqubo. Ukuze unqume amagatsha uzodinga:

• amagilavu ​​aminyene asuselwa enjoloba;
• ijacket ende ende enemikhono emide namabhulukwe awugqinsi ukuvikela umzimba ekuqhekekeni;
• umdwebo, upende, noma umaki wokumaka izindawo ukusikeka;
• ama-secateurs nama-clipper anezibambo ezinde;
• isarve ebukhali uma kuhlelwa ukuthi kususwe amagatsha awugqinsi emabhasini amadala;
• i-var var yengadi yokufaka amanxeba amakhulu;
• imoto yokuthatha amagatsha asikiwe;
• izindlela zokwelapha ukutheleleka uma isihlahla sonakaliswa ngamagciwane noma amagciwane.

Ngabe inqubo idingeka nini?

Ukutshala ama-gooseberry kuyadingeka ezimweni lapho:

• esihlahleni kukhona amagatsha amadala, agulayo, omile naphukile, asuswa kuqala;
• amahlumela amasha avele kanye khona lapho, asikwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kweziqu;
• umqhele usuqine kakhulu, amagatsha angaphandle akhula ngaphakathi futhi ahlangana namanye amahlumela;
• amanye amagatsha afinyelele eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 futhi awatheli izithelo.

Amahlumela asikwa ngama-secateurs ezansi kwesihlahla, ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu ukuze izinambuzane zihlale kuzo

Amahlumela amasha alo nyaka afushaniswa kwizinso ezinkulu kunazo zonke, okungafanele abheke isiqu esimaphakathi. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuthena izihlahla, amagatsha angaba ngu-13-14 nezinye amahlumela ama-4 zero kufanele zihlale esihlahleni se-gooseberry.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthena izihlahla

Kubalimi abalula abangenaso isikhathi sezinqubo ezinde, izihlahla zakudala kufanelekile. Lapho uhlela ukuthenwa kwegatsha, udinga ukunquma indlela yokwakha isihlahla. Kunezindlela ezintathu:

• ukwakheka okujwayelekile;
• indlela yokutshala endala;
• ukulima kwe-trellis.

Isipiliyoni sabahlali basehlobo sibonisa ukuthi ngohlelo lwangempela lokwakha isihlahla, isivuno yisona esinamandla kunayo yonke.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izindlela zokwenziwa nazo zinenzuzo yazo. Ngakho-ke, kulula ukukhetha amajikijolo esihlahleni esinezihlahla zokuthena, kanti isihlahla esivamile sibukeka sihle futhi sithatha isikhala esincane.

I-Gooseberry Gooseberry

Kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lokuthena, ama-gooseberries akhula abe isihlahla se-bonsai. Umgomo wokucubungula ngonyaka wokuqala wokubumba ungokulandelayo:

1. Khetha igatsha eliqine kakhulu maphakathi nesihlahla, bese ususa amahlumela asele. Leli gatsha lizoba uhlobo lomlenze wesitshalo.
2. Nquma ukuphakama kwesiqu esizayo. Njengomthetho, awudluli kumamitha ayi-1. Kudingeka ukumaka ukuphakama okuphezulu egatsheni ngushoko futhi unqume konke amahlumela aseceleni afika kuleli zinga.
3. Thatha isipele. I-Optimum ngokubukeka nokusebenza kwayo, ipayipi elingamamitha angu-1,1 ukuphakama kanye namasentimitha angu-2 kufanelekile.
4. Jula ipayipi eli-10 cm emhlabathini oseduze kwegatsha elikhethwe njengesiqu bese unamathela kuso.

Eminyakeni yesibili, yesithathu nelandelayo, izihlahla kwenzeka ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:

1. Amagatsha anqunywe phakathi kusukela ngonyaka owedlule, kanti amagatsha amasha angama-4-5 asele kuwo amasha, anciphisa amanye.
2. Amahlumela abheke phansi noma aphukile ngemuva kobusika ayasuswa.
3. Amahlumela avela ezansi kwesiqu anqunywa ngokushesha ukuze angachithi amandla esitshalo.

Ukwakha amagatsha asebusweni, amagatsha asikwa 1 cm ngaphezu kwezinso, okuqondiswe phezulu noma kubheke endaweni oyifunayo.

Eduze kwesihlahla njalo beka isikhonkwane bese ubopha isiqu ezindaweni eziningana

Amagatsha amancanyana athambile anqunywa ekwebeni izinso ezinkulu kunazo zonke.

Ku-trellis

Le ndlela ilungele izinhlobo ezinamagatsha anamandla akhula ngokuqinile amahlumela amaningi. I-Gooseberry ikhule kuma-trellises ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Amabhasi atshalwe emgqeni owodwa kubanga elingaba imitha ukusuka komunye nomunye.
2. Phakathi kwabo ebangeni elilinganayo (cishe amamitha ama-2) bambe amapayipi noma izibonda.
3. Izibonda zixhumeke ngocingo noma ngentambo emincane eqinile emigqeni emi-3 ukuphakama okungaka: 50 cm - umugqa wokuqala, 80 cm - umugqa wesi-2, 1 m - umugqa wesithathu.
4. Amahlumela amasha amajikijolo aboshelwa ocingweni olunentambo emincane, inamathisela amagatsha angama-4-5 njalo ngo-20 cm.
5. Izithombo ezingaphezulu ezisele zilenga ngokukhululeka zigawulwa ngemithi futhi zilungiswe lapho zikhula.

Unyaka ngamunye olandelayo, kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha wangonyaka odlule, ukuwanciphisa cishe ngengxenye yesithathu.

Kusukela ngonyaka wesithupha wokuphila, qala ukuthenwa kwezihlahla zokulwa nokuguga

Amahlumela amasha wonyaka omusha nawo aboshwe ngezingcezu ezi-4-5.

Ukwakheka kwesihlahla sakudala

Indlela ejwayelekile yokuthena iguqula ama-gooseberries abe isihlahla esidala esivamile kubalimi abaningi. I-algorithm yokubulawa imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1. Unyaka wokutshala. Wonke amagatsha owonakele futhi abuthakathaka ayasuswa, kusukela ezinqubweni eziqinile ingxenye engenhla iye kwizinso ezi-3 iyanqunywa.
2. Unyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kukhethwe iziqu eziqinile ezi-3-4 ezizokwakha umqhele. Banquma i-1/3 yengxenye ephezulu. Amagatsha akhula ngokufana emhlabathini noma aqondiswe kuwo anqunywa eduze nesiqu.
3. Unyaka wesibili. Amahlumela amasha avelayo asikwa ku-1/3, abuye futhi anele amahlumela ama-4, amanye asuswe.
4. Unyaka wesithathu. Uma ukuthenwa kwangaphambilini kwenziwa kahle, kufanele kube okungenani namagatsha ayi-12 kusuka koyedwa kuya kwinyaka emithathu ubudala esihlahleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo. Amagatsha amasha anqunywa futhi okwesithathu, futhi futhi ashiya amahlumela afinyelela kathathu.
5. Iminyaka emi-4-5. Ama-gooseberries asekhulile kufanele asevele athathe indlela yesihlahla esakhiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, izihlahla zaminyaka yonke ziqukethe ukuhlanza amagatsha amadala aphukile, kanye nokusika amahlumela ngokweqile.

Ngeminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, isihlahla se-gooseberry kufanele sibe neziqu ezingaba yisishiyagalombili ezinezihlahla kanye namagatsha acishe abe ngu-22-25 ubudala. Uma izihlahla zenziwa ngokuya ngayo yonke imithetho, isivuno kufanele sizinze futhi sibe sezingeni elifanele.

Ngokwalobu buchwepheshe bokuthena izihlahla, ihlathi liyohlala lilincane futhi lithela kakhulu.

Lapho kuvela amagatsha akhula ehla ezansi noma efana nomhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuwanciphisa ukuze izinso ezedlulele zibheke phezulu.

Isifundo sevidiyo sabaqalayo

Ukuqunjelwa ekuvuseleleni kabusha

Amahlumela we-Zero akhula phakathi konyaka kufanele asikwe mayelana ne-1⁄4 yobude bawo

Umsebenzi onjalo ususa kancane kancane kodwa ngokuphelele kuwo wonke amagatsha izithombo ezake zakhula kuwo. Izihlahla ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engu-10 ziyanconywa ukuthungwa ngenhloso yokuvuselelwa.

Isipiliyoni sabahlali basehlobo sibonisa ukuthi ngemuva kokwelashwa kabusha, isivuno esihle sibuyela ngisho nasezinhlahlwini ezingasasebenzi iminyaka eminingana.

Izihlahla ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha, kodwa akufanele kubhubhise isihlahla ngokuphelele. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwenziwa ngezigaba: unyaka ngamunye kususwa ingxenye yesithathu yamagatsha amadala.

Ngemuva kwenqubo, okungenani i-50% yomqhele kufanele ihlale esihlahleni. Akunconywa ukusika ukukhula kusuka kumagatsha ezithelo.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo kwangemva kwenqubo: ukulungiselela ubusika

Ukufaka isitshalo entwasahlobo kusiza ekutholeni amandla ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nokuzala

Amagatsha okuthena wanoma yisiphi isitshalo ayingcindezi enkulu, ngakho-ke ngemuva kwenqubo, kwenziwa izindlela zokubuyiselwa. Izinqubo Zokunakekela:

1. Amanxeba okugcobisa nge-var var engadini. Futhi, inhlanganisela yekhabhoni ecijekile eyenziwe yasebenza kanye ne-urea esesilinganisweni esingu-1: 7 ilungele ukubulala amagciwane.
2. Ukufaka isihlahla ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Ungathatha izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo esitolo, umanyolo onombhalo othi "ekwindla" ulungile. Futhi ungalungisa ukwakheka kwakho: hlanganisa i-15 kg ye-humus ne-200 g ye-superphosphate ne-40 g ye-potassium.
3. Ukuchelela okukhulu, okwenzelwe ukuhlinzeka lesi sitshalo umswakama ngalo lonke ubusika. Okungenani amabhakede amabili amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Phambilini, kufanele ihlale futhi ifudumele.
4. Ukuhlolwa kwezihlahla ngokuba khona kwezinambuzane noma izifo. Uma kukhona, inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu iphathwa nge-fungicide (Anthracop, Coronet, Infinito, Flint Star, Teldor). Ngendlela yesidakamizwa se-prophylactic, kusetshenziswa uketshezi lweBordeaux, lapho inhlabathi nesihlahla sonke kufafazwa.
5. Ukulungiselela ubusika. Kusho ukufudumeza iziqu. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu, wonke amagatsha ayasetshenziswa, ezindaweni ezifudumele kuphela kuthunyelwa izithombo ezintsha. Ukuze kufudumale, amahlamvu abolile asetshenziswa kakhulu.