Lo muthi ungowomndeni we-elm, futhi ukhula eYurophu, eScandinavia, eCrimea, eCaucasus naseNgilandi. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-25 ukuphakama futhi ikwazi ukuphila cishe iminyaka engama-300. Inesiqu esiqondile esingafika kumamitha ayi-1.5 ububanzi, embozwe ngumbala obushelelezi onsundu obumnyama, amagxolo. Iqhakaza kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba iqhakaza liqhakaze, izimbali ezincane, ezinciphile ezinamabala ansomi. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngoMeyi-Juni futhi zibukeka njenge-lionfish eyindilinga ne-nati enkabeni. Izithelo ze-Elm minyaka yonke, kusukela ngineminyaka eyisikhombisa. Iyamelana neqhwa futhi ingabekezelela iqhwa liye ku-28 degrees. Isihlahla sinohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, lukhula ngokushesha okukhulu: ngonyaka sikhula ngama-50 cm ukuphakama size sibe ngama-30 cm ububanzi.
Imininingwane yomlando
Igama le-elm ebushelelezi yadalwa kusuka ku-Celtic "elm", okusho ukuthi elm. E-Russia, leli gama lahunyushwa ngokuthi “induku eguquguqukayo” futhi izinkuni zalo muthi zazisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamakherishi namasaga. Besebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwe-elm, okhokho bethu basebenzise njengesixhobo esihle sokwakha, futhi benza nezikhali. Lesi sihlahla sasisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zasendlini: ama-arcs, imishayo, izinaliti zokugoba nokunye okuningi.
Amagxolo esihlahla asetshenziselwa izimpaphe zokuthambisa, kanti isixha somuthi lesi sisetshenziselwe ukwenza isiqaqa. Amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane afuye izinkomo.
Ukuzalela nokunakekela
Ukusakazeka kwe-elm ebushelelezi kwenzeka kakhulu ngembewu, ngezikhathi ezithile ngamahlumela kuyo. Imbewu ingagcinwa esitsheni esivalekile iminyaka emi-2 bese ingalahli ukuhluma kwayo. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuthwa amasonto ayi-1-2. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukulungiselela kokuqala akudingekile. Kuhlwanyelwa ngemigqa ngesinyathelo esingu-20-30 cm, embozwe ngumhlaba futhi kuniselwe kakhulu. I-Elm ayizithobi izimo futhi ibekezelela ngesizotha umswakama okweqile nokuntuleka kwayo. Ingakhula emthunzini, kepha ikhula kangcono ekukhanyeni okuhle.
Emavikini okuqala emva kokutshala, imbewu ehlwanyelwe kufanele iniselwe kaningi, futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo imbozwe ngefilimu kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala. Lapho utshala i-elm, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ikhula ngokushesha nokuthi maduze izothusa ezinye izitshalo ezithanda ukukhanya ngomqhele wayo. Kubonwe ukuthi i-elm ebushelelezi ivimbela amagilebhisi. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe ukungabekezelelani kwabo komunye nomunye futhi bakubeke kude noyedwa.
Isifo Smooth elm
Ngosizo lwamabhungane amabhungane, isifo sesiDashi salesi sihlahla siyasakazeka. Isisekelo salo yi-mushroom Ophiostoma ulmi futhi sithinta izihlahla ezibuthakathaka. Uma sonakele, lesi sitshalo singafa emavikini ambalwa noma silimaze iminyaka eminingi.
Isifo saseDashi sibonakaliswa ukoma ngokushesha kwamagatsha. Kula magatsha anjalo, amaqabunga awaqhakaza nakancane noma ambalwa awo. Lapho selinalesi sifo, umuthi uvame ukufa ungabe usakwazi ukusindiswa. Ngokuyisisekelo, lesi sifo siyaqhubeka nenhlabathi emanzi kakhulu.
Izici ze-Pharmacological kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
I-Elm bushelelezi iqukethe izinto ezinobuchopho, i-diuretic, ekhulula ukuvuvukala nezakhiwo ze-antibacterial.
Umuthi wendabuko usebenzisa ama-decoctions amagxolo alesi sihlahla ukwelapha ukuvuvukala kwesiqu, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezithintekayo, kanye ne-edema. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayisetshenziselwa izifo ezahlukahlukene zesikhumba, kanye nezifo zohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ukuthola isifo sohudo. I-decoction yamaqabunga e-elm aphatha i-colic, amanxeba aphulukisiwe angazange apholise isikhathi eside.
Ngomkhuhlane namakhaza, ama-infusions avela ku-elm bark, ngokufakwa kwe-birch efihlekile ne-willow, usizo. Lokhu kufakwa kune-mucus eningi (umkhiqizo wesitokisi secretion) nama-tannins, anomthelela omuhle emzimbeni womuntu ngokushiswa kanye nesikhumba.
Njengempahla eluhlaza yokwelapha, amagxolo namaqabunga e-elm ebushelelezi kuyavunwa. Amagxolo avunwa entwasahlobo, lapho kufika ukugeleza kwama-sap, namaqabunga ngoJuni, ngesimo sezulu esomile. Imvamisa, izihlahla ezihlelelwe ukusika zisetshenziselwa le njongo. Ngakho-ke impahla elungiselelwe yomisiwe ezindaweni ezivalelwe ukukhanya kwelanga. Ingasetshenziswa iminyaka emi-2. Ama-broths kanye ne-infusions enziwe kusuka kulokhu okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali okwelapha.
Izinkuni ze-Smooth elm zinekhono elihlukile: likamelana nokubola isikhathi eside kumswakama ophezulu. Lesi sici ngaye sasisetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu - amapayipi okuhlinzekwa ngamanzi ayenziwa ngeziqu ze-elm ezazigxishwe ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ibhuloho lokuqala laseLondon, izinkuni ze-elm zazisetshenziswa njengezisekeli.
Lesi sitshalo singabangelwa izitshalo zoju zokuqala. Isimo sezulu esihle, ungabona izinyosi eziningi ziqoqa umpe eduze kwesihlahla.
Njengoba i-elm inohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, isetshenziswa emasimini okuvikela, wona, alungisa amasimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga awo agcina uthuli oluningi kunezinye izihlahla, futhi lusebenza ngempumelelo ezindaweni zokutshala amapaki.
Izinhlobo ezithile ezejwayelekile
